2019屆高考數(shù)學(xué)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二章 函數(shù)的概念與基本初等函數(shù) 課時(shí)跟蹤訓(xùn)練11 函數(shù)的圖象 文.doc
課時(shí)跟蹤訓(xùn)練(十一) 函數(shù)的圖象基礎(chǔ)鞏固一、選擇題1函數(shù)yex的圖象()A與yex的圖象關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱B與yex的圖象關(guān)于坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱C與yex的圖象關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱D與yex的圖象關(guān)于坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱解析yex的圖象與yex的圖象關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱,與yex的圖象關(guān)于坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱答案D2已知函數(shù)yloga(xc)(a,c為常數(shù),其中a>0,a1)的圖象如圖,則下列結(jié)論成立的是()Aa>1,c>1Ba>1,0<c<1C0<a<1,c>1D0<a<1,0<c<1解析由題圖可知,函數(shù)在定義域內(nèi)為減函數(shù),所以0<a<1.又當(dāng)x0時(shí),y>0,即logac>0,所以0<c<1.答案D3(2018河北保定模擬)函數(shù)yecosx(x)的大致圖象為()解析當(dāng)x0時(shí),則yecos0e;當(dāng)x時(shí),則yecos.可排除A,B,D,選C.答案C4若函數(shù)yf(x)的圖象如圖所示,則函數(shù)yf(x1)的圖象大致為()解析要想由yf(x)的圖象得到y(tǒng)f(x1)的圖象,需要先將yf(x)的圖象關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱得到y(tǒng)f(x)的圖象,然后再向左平移一個(gè)單位得到y(tǒng)f(x1)的圖象,根據(jù)上述步驟可知C正確答案C5設(shè)奇函數(shù)f(x)在(0,)上為增函數(shù),且f(1)0,則不等式<0的解集為()A(1,0)(1,)B(,1)(0,1)C(,1)(1,)D(1,0)(0,1)解析因?yàn)閒(x)為奇函數(shù),所以不等式<0可化為<0,即xf(x)<0,f(x)的大致圖象如圖所示所以xf(x)<0的解集為(1,0)(0,1)答案D6(2016全國(guó)卷)已知函數(shù)f(x)(xR)滿足f(x)2f(x),若函數(shù)y與yf(x)圖象的交點(diǎn)為(x1,y1),(x2,y2),(xm,ym),則(xiyi)()A0BmC2mD4m解析由f(x)2f(x)可知f(x)的圖象關(guān)于點(diǎn)(0,1)對(duì)稱,又易知y1的圖象關(guān)于點(diǎn)(0,1)對(duì)稱,所以兩函數(shù)圖象的交點(diǎn)成對(duì)出現(xiàn),且每一對(duì)交點(diǎn)都關(guān)于點(diǎn)(0,1)對(duì)稱,(xiyi)02m.故選B.答案B二、填空題7函數(shù)y(2m1)x與函數(shù)yx的圖象關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,則實(shí)數(shù)m的值為_解析函數(shù)y(2m1)x與函數(shù)yx2x的圖象關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,2m12,得m.答案8若函數(shù)yf(x3)的圖象經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)P(1,4),則函數(shù)yf(x)的圖象必經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)_解析解法一:函數(shù)yf(x)的圖象是由yf(x3)的圖象向右平移3個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度而得到的故yf(x)的圖象經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)(4,4)解法二:由題意得f(4)4成立,故函數(shù)yf(x)的圖象必經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)(4,4)答案(4,4)9.如圖,定義在1,)上的函數(shù)f(x)的圖象由一條線段及拋物線的一部分組成,則f(x)的解析式為_解析當(dāng)x1,0時(shí),設(shè)ykxb,由圖象得解得yx1;當(dāng)x(0,)時(shí),設(shè)ya(x2)21,由圖象得0a(42)21,解得a,y(x2)21.綜上可知,f(x)答案f(x)10(2018湖南邵陽(yáng)調(diào)研改編)已知函數(shù)y的圖象與函數(shù)ykx2的圖象恰有兩個(gè)交點(diǎn),求實(shí)數(shù)k的取值范圍解根據(jù)絕對(duì)值的意義,y在直角坐標(biāo)系中作出該函數(shù)的圖象,如圖中實(shí)線所示根據(jù)圖象可知,當(dāng)0<k<1或1<k<4時(shí)有兩個(gè)交點(diǎn)能力提升11(2017河南濮陽(yáng)檢測(cè))函數(shù)f(x)的圖象可能是()ABCD解析取a0,可知正確;取a4,可知正確;取a1,可知正確;無(wú)論a取何值都無(wú)法作出圖象,故選C.答案C12(2018河北衡水中學(xué)三調(diào))函數(shù)f(x)cosx的圖象的大致形狀是()解析由于f(x)cosxcosx,而g(x)是奇函數(shù),h(x)cosx是偶函數(shù),所以f(x)是奇函數(shù),圖象應(yīng)關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,據(jù)此排除選項(xiàng)A,C;又因?yàn)閒0,在上,<0,cosx>0,從而必有f(x)<0,即在上,函數(shù)圖象應(yīng)該位于x軸下方,據(jù)此排除選項(xiàng)D,B選項(xiàng)符合,故選B.答案B13(2017廣東汕頭一模)函數(shù)f(x)的部分圖象如圖所示,則f(x)的解析式可以是()Af(x)xsinxBf(x)Cf(x)xcosxDf(x)x解析由題意可得,當(dāng)x0時(shí)函數(shù)有意義,故排除B;由圖象關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,知函數(shù)f(x)是奇函數(shù),故排除D;當(dāng)x時(shí),y0,故排除A,所以選C.答案C14(2017遼寧沈陽(yáng)二模)已知函數(shù)f(x)ln(xm)的圖象與g(x)的圖象關(guān)于xy0對(duì)稱,且g(0)g(ln2)1,則m_.解析設(shè)點(diǎn)(x,y)在g(x)的圖象上,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)f(x)的圖象與g(x)的圖象關(guān)于xy0對(duì)稱,則(y,x)在f(x)的圖象上,所以xln(ym),即ymex,因此g(x)mex.又因?yàn)間(0)m1,g(ln2)m2,所以m1m21,解得m2.答案215(2017山東泰安模擬改編)已知函數(shù)f(x)logax(a>0且a1)和函數(shù)g(x)sinx,若f(x)與g(x)的圖象有且只有3個(gè)交點(diǎn),求a的取值范圍解由對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)以及三角函數(shù)的圖象,如圖,可得或解得5<a<9或<a<.16已知函數(shù)f(x)的圖象與函數(shù)h(x)x2的圖象關(guān)于點(diǎn)A(0,1)對(duì)稱(1)求f(x)的解析式;(2)若g(x)f(x),且g(x)在區(qū)間(0,2上為減函數(shù),求實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍解(1)設(shè)f(x)圖象上任一點(diǎn)P(x,y),則點(diǎn)P關(guān)于(0,1)點(diǎn)的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)P(x,2y)在h(x)的圖象上,即2yx2,yf(x)x(x0)(2)g(x)f(x)x,g(x)1.g(x)在(0,2上為減函數(shù),10在(0,2上恒成立,即a1x2在(0,2上恒成立,a14,即a3,故a的取值范圍是3,)延伸拓展(2017江西贛州十四校聯(lián)考)已知正方體ABCDA1B1C1D1的棱長(zhǎng)為1,E,F(xiàn)分別是邊AA1,CC1上的中點(diǎn),點(diǎn)M是BB1上的動(dòng)點(diǎn),過(guò)點(diǎn)E,M,F(xiàn)的平面與棱DD1交于點(diǎn)N,設(shè)BMx,平行四邊形EMFN的面積為S,設(shè)yS2,則y關(guān)于x的函數(shù)yf(x)的圖象大致是()解析由對(duì)稱性可知,四邊形EMFN是菱形,所以SEFMN,而EF,MN2 2 ,所以S ,即f(x)221,故選A.答案A