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Uint 10 Money 課時(shí)練1　閱讀理解提速練 閱讀理解 A (2018吉林長春七校高三第一次聯(lián)考)Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. In 1914, Goldberger was asked by U．S. Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra(糙皮病)． Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra. He studied the victims and their families. Most of the people lived a hard life. The doctor came to believe that the disease didn’t pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not. But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldberger’s idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern pride. So Goldberger had himself injected(注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldberger’s wife. None of them got sick. Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929. He was fiftyfive years old. Several years later, researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra：a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了美國醫(yī)生Joseph Goldberger研究糙皮病的患病原因的過程。Joseph Goldberger醫(yī)生的認(rèn)真、犧牲精神令人感動。 1．Who were easy targets of pellagra according to Goldberger? A．People in America. B．People put into prison. C．People having a poor diet. D．People touching pellagra patients. C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Most of the people lived a hard life...the disease didn’t pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food.”，再結(jié)合Goldberger在監(jiān)獄進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容可知，在Joseph Goldberger看來，糙皮病和食物有關(guān)，而且患者大多生活條件差；再結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了該病可知，不良的飲食容易導(dǎo)致人們患糙皮病。 2．What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．Pellagra wasn’t so terrible. B．Pellagra didn’t spread. C．Pellagra could be cured. D．Pellagra wasn’t a medical problem. B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中提到的Goldberger認(rèn)為糙皮病不是傳染病以及第四段中提到的他為了證明自己的觀點(diǎn)而進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容(將患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的體內(nèi)、將糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液體放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮膚組織的藥丸)和結(jié)果(他沒患病)可推知，Goldberger進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了證明糙皮病不傳染。 3．Which words can be used to describe Goldberger? A．Devoted and determined. B．Selfless and friendly. C．Patient and expert. D．Stubborn and enthusiastic. A　解析：推理判斷題。文中提到的Goldberger在監(jiān)獄及在他自己身上做實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容表明他全心全意地投入到對糙皮病的研究中，有奉獻(xiàn)精神；盡管一些人不認(rèn)可Goldberger的觀點(diǎn)，但他仍堅(jiān)持自己的看法并堅(jiān)決地去證明自己的觀點(diǎn)是正確的，這體現(xiàn)出他意志堅(jiān)定。故選A。 B (2018湖北省武漢市調(diào)研測試)Elon Musk was born in South Africa, in 1971. A crazy fan of puters, by the age of twelve, Musk had written the code(代碼) for his own video game, which he sold for a profit. He attended Queen’s University in Canada, and transferred(轉(zhuǎn)到) to the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned two bachelor’s degrees, economics and physics. He was admitted to Stanford University in California, intending to earn a PhD in energy physics. First pany—Zip2 Corporation In 1995, at the age of 24, Musk dropped out of Stanford University after just two days of classes to start his first pany Zip2 Corporation. It was an online city guide that provided content for the new online versions of The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune newspapers. In 1999, Musk got $ 22 million from the sale of Zip2. Online Banking In 1999, Elon Musk started X． with $ 10 million dollars from the sale of Zip2. X. was an online bank, and he was credited with inventing a method of securely transferring money using a receiver’s email address. PayPal In 2000, X. bought a pany called Confinity, which had started an Internet moneytransfer process called PayPal. Elon Musk dropped the online banking focus to concentrate on being a global payment transfer provider. In 2002, eBay bought PayPal for $ 1.5 billion. Space Exploration Technologies In 2002, Elon Musk started SpaceX. He is a longstanding member of the Mars Society, a nonprofit organization that supports the exploration of Mars, and Musk is interested in building a greenhouse on Mars. SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musk’s project. Tesla Motors In 2004, Elon Musk cofounded Tesla Motors, of which he is the only product architect. Tesla Motors builds electric vehicles. The pany has built an electric sports car, the Tesla Roadster. SolarCity In 2006, Elon Musk cofounded SolarCity, a photovoltaic(光電的) products and services pany with his cousin Lyndon Rive. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了埃隆馬斯克的人生經(jīng)歷和偉大成就。 4．What was Elon Musk gifted in when he was young? A．Economics.　　　　　 B．Physics. C．Energy. D．Coding. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句可知，Musk是一位瘋狂的電腦迷，十二歲時(shí)他就為自己的視頻游戲?qū)懘a并獲利了；據(jù)此可知，他小時(shí)候就有寫代碼的天賦，故D項(xiàng)正確。 5．Which of the following provides international payment transfer service? A．X.. B．Confinity. C．PayPal. D．eBay. C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PayPal部分，尤其是該部分的第二句可知，PayPal提供國際轉(zhuǎn)賬支付服務(wù)，故C項(xiàng)正確。 6．What has SpaceX been doing to help achieve Musk’s project? A．Sponsoring the Mars Society. B．Developing rocket technologies. C．Building a greenhouse on Mars. D．Supporting the exploration of Mars. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Space Exploration Technologies部分的“SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musk’s project.”可知，SpaceX一直在研究開發(fā)火箭技術(shù)，幫助Musk實(shí)現(xiàn)他的項(xiàng)目(目標(biāo))，故B項(xiàng)正確。 7．What is Tesla Motors noted for? A．Its electric vehicles. B．Its photovoltaic products. C．Its service as a city tourist guide. D．Its business with other panies. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Tesla Motors部分，尤其是該部分的第二句可知，Tesla Motors是生產(chǎn)電動汽車的公司，故A項(xiàng)正確。 C (2018東北三省四市教研聯(lián)合體高考模擬) Ophelia and the Marvelous Boy by Karen Foxlee Type：Fantasy Storyline： When Ophelia moves to a strange city where it never stops snowing, she discovers a boy locked away for 75 years in a museum. She must help the boy before the Snow Queen freezes the world. Along the way, Ophelia learns how to believe in things she cannot see. Targeted readers： People who like fairy tales would enjoy this book. A Hundred Horses by Sarah Lean Type: Mystery Storyline： The wooden horse Nell brings along during her visits to her aunt and cousins is stolen by a girl named Angel. As Nell finds out Angel’s true identity, a bond grows between them and a group of 99 horses. Word has it that the 100th horse is magical. But where is it? Nell doesn’t know, but Angel might know. Targeted readers： Kids who like animals and nature will be sure to find this book exciting. How to Catch a Bogle by Catherine Jinks Type: Fantasy Storyline： Birdie is an orphan who is good at trapping monsters with her singing voice. She is the only goblin(小妖精) hunter in the world. When kids go missing, it’s up to her to figure out why. Targeted readers： Anyone who is looking for monsters will take great pleasure in this book. I Even Funnier: A Middle School Story by James Patterson and Chris Grabenstein Type: Fiction Storyline： After a car accident Jamie loses his family, and then he moves in with his aunt, uncle and his cousin Stevie, whose basic aim is to trick Jamie. But Jamie keeps having a positive attitude and running after his goals. He was recently honored the Funniest Kid ic of New York State. Targeted readers： This book would be great for anyone who is fond of humorous books. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四本書籍，提供了每本書的名稱、作者、種類、故事情節(jié)和目標(biāo)讀者。 8．Which writer tells a story about a girl saving a boy? A．Karen Foxlee. B．Sarah Lean. C．Catherine Jinks. D．James Patterson and Chris Grabenstein. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章對第一本書的簡介，尤其是第二句“She must help the boy before the Snow Queen freezes the world.”可知，在冰雪女王冰凍世界之前Ophelia必須幫助那個(gè)男孩逃離，故選A。 9．Nature lovers may take interest in________． A．Ophelia and the Marvelous Boy B．A Hundred Horses C．How to Catch a Bogle D．I Even Funnier: A Middle School Story B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二本書對目標(biāo)讀者的描述“Kids who like animals and nature will be sure to find this book exciting.”可知，喜歡動物和自然的孩子一定會發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書令人興奮，故第二本書A Hundred Horses 符合要求，即B項(xiàng)正確。 10．Who went through life challenges without losing heart? A．Ophelia.　　　　　 B．Nell. C．Stevie. D．Jamie. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章對第四本書的簡介中的“But Jamie keeps having a positive attitude and running after his goals.”可知，Jamie在失去父母寄居在親戚家時(shí)依舊保持積極的態(tài)度，追求自己的夢想，故選D項(xiàng)。 11．In which section of a newspaper can we find such a passage? A．Fashion. B．Literature. C．Business. D．Local news. B　解析：文章出處題。根據(jù)文章是對四本書的介紹可知，這篇文章可能來自報(bào)紙的文學(xué)版塊，即B項(xiàng)正確。 D (2018廣東佛山檢測)Exposed soil isn’t part of nature’s master plan. Good examples where soil is naturally found with no plants growing in are beneath freshly removed trees, or where the ground has been burnt by a land fire. In these situations bare soil isn’t bare for long; within days seedlings(芽) begin to appear and cover the ground. In a few months’ time, the scar is hardly noticeable. Unlike these natural examples, ploughed(耕犁) fields and freshly dug gardens are obvious examples created by man. But, left to nature, even these bare soils soon turn green with a large number of tiny seedlings. In fields, gardens and on grasslands, roadside and sports fields, along streets and on paths and pavements, we are constantly battling to stop weeds from growing. All we are doing is stop the recovering powers of nature. Whenever soil is exposed, weeds act like a kind of medicine to reduce the potentially harmful rays of the sun, so the sooner plant growth covers the soil over again, the better. Weeds also help to improve the fertility(肥沃) of the soil. Their roots get the soil together, improving its structure and creating a more stable environment in which soil life can grow fast. Those weeds with a deep root draw up plant nutrients from deeper in the ground, making them available to plants growing near the soil surface. Above ground, the stems(莖)of weeds help trap fallen leaves which break down into the soil, adding to the fertility of the soil. As the soil bees more fertile, different kinds of plants start to replace the “pioneering” weeds. Bushes move in to take the place by gradually shading them out, followed in turn by trees, which eventually push up through the bushes, finally shading them out too. Fallen leaves from the bushes and trees carry on the job of building soil fertility that was begun by those very first weeds that grew on the bare soil. Then, when one of these mature trees is removed in a storm，leaving a wound of bare soil in the earth, the whole process starts again. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　人們到處阻止雜草等植物的生長，然而，它們卻有助于增加土壤的肥沃度。所以，土壤和植物之間是相互促進(jìn)的關(guān)系。 12．When will soil be left bare? A．A land fire has just happened. B．A young tree is planted in. C．No one ploughs the land. D．No crops are planted in. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Exposed soil isn’t part of nature’s master plan. Good examples...where the ground has been burnt by a land fire.可知，剛被火燒過的土地被稱作裸土。故選A項(xiàng)。 13．Which of the following prevents the bare soil from recovering? A．Seedlings appearing in gardens. B．Reducing harmful rays of the sun. C．Removing weeds from pavements. D．Replacing plants in sports fields. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知，人們除掉路邊雜草的行為就是在阻止裸土的恢復(fù)。故選C項(xiàng)。 14．What can weeds do for the soil? A．They create soil life. B．They help improve the soil. C．They get nutrients from the sun. D．They break down fallen leaves. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Weeds also help to improve the fertility(肥沃) of the soil.可知，雜草有助于提高土壤的肥沃度。 15．How can the soil remain fertile after trees move in? A．By adding more weeds to the soil. B．By taking out the weeds constantly. C．By removing the previous bushes. D．By making use of the fallen leaves. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Fallen leaves from the bushes and trees carry on the job of building soil fertility that was begun by those very first weeds that grew on the bare soil.可判斷D項(xiàng)正確。 七選五 (2018長沙模擬)With today’s stressful lifestyles, it’s important to have time that you spend doing something just for the fun of it. While there are many great hobbies to choose from, the hobbies here are particularly useful in relieving stress. 1．________ Whether you simply learn to take better pictures of your friends and family, or explore the world of creating true art, photography can be a great hobby. As you practice seeing the world through the eyes of a photographer, you may begin to see things differently. Gardening Gardening can be a great stress reliever for many reasons.2.________. In addition, it can also create more beautiful surroundings to e home for each day, and more. Knitting Aside from helping you create beautiful gifts for yourself and others, knitting provides you with an opportunity to relieve stress. The repetitive motion can get you into an experience of “flow”，or can at least provide an outlet for nervous energy.3.________． Drawing You can get in touch with your artistic side and use drawing as a way to process emotions.4.________. The end result will be something beautiful and personal that you can enjoy or share. Playing the piano 5．________. While listening to music can probably be considered a hobby, creating music can be an even more powerful stress relieving hobby. Learning to play an instrument such as the piano can be a stress reliever for you as well as for those around you. A．Laughing more, stressing less B．Exploring photography C．It can get you into the sunshine and fresh air D．Music has many health and stress relief benefits E．These suggestions can help you reduce tension in your body now F．Gradually knitting may be making you better at your day job G．Besides, it can distract you, and achieve other stress management benefits 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了幾種可以緩解壓力的愛好。 1．B　解析：根據(jù)本段中的“photography can be a great hobby” 可知，本段推薦的興趣是攝影，所以選B項(xiàng)。 2．C　解析：根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題 Gardening 及空后一句可推知，做園藝工作可以享受陽光，呼吸新鮮空氣，故選C項(xiàng)。 3．F　解析：承接上文的“The repetitive motion can get you into an experience of ‘flow’，or can at least provide an outlet for nervous energy.”并結(jié)合本段標(biāo)題 Knitting 可推知，編織會讓人們工作得更好，所以選F項(xiàng)。 4．G　解析：根據(jù)下文的“The end result will be something beautiful and personal that you can enjoy or share.” 可推知， 畫畫可以轉(zhuǎn)移注意力，調(diào)節(jié)壓力，所以選G項(xiàng)。 5．D　解析：根據(jù)下文的“While listening to music can probably be considered a hobby, creating music can be an even more powerful stress relieving hobby.” 可知，音樂有利于健康，并有助于緩解壓力，所以選D項(xiàng)。