高三英語總復習 Unit 21 Human Biology課件 北師大版

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1、Unit 21 Human Biology基礎(chǔ)知識梳理基礎(chǔ)知識梳理F詞匯梳理1. _ vi. 循環(huán)_ n. 循環(huán)2. _ vt. 消化3. _ n. 聽覺4. _ vt. 濫用5. _ vt. 容忍_ adj. 可以容忍的6. _ vt. 尋找7. _ adj. 有爭議的8. _ vt. 反對9. _ vt. 與(其他事物)相矛盾_ n. 矛盾；對立10. _ vt. 違反；違背11. _ vt. 滿足；迎合12. _ vt. 款待13. _ n. 儲存14. _ vt. 推遲；延期15. _ vt. 重建16. _ vt. 禁止17. _ n. 暫停；停頓18. _ n. 統(tǒng)計資料；統(tǒng)計數(shù)字

2、 19. _ n. 新聞界；報界20. _ n. 變化；變種_ vt. 適應(yīng)；改編；改寫21. _ vt. 預見22. _ vt. & vi. 開處方_ n. 處方23. _ vt. 表明重要性；強調(diào)24. _ adj. 徹底的；細致的25. _ n. 信心26. _ adj. 臨時的；短暫的27. _ vi. 下降28. _ n. 最低；最小_ n. 最大29. _ n. 團體；公共機構(gòu)30. _ adv.無條件地31. _ vt. 裝備；配備_ n. 裝備；配備32. _ n. 大筆錢財；巨款33. _ n. 詢問34. _ n. 截止日期；最后日期35. _ vt. 提交36. _ n.

3、 延期37. _ n. 擔心；擔憂38. _ adj. 懷疑的39. _ adj. 不合理的；荒謬的40. _ n. 情形；情況自我校對1.circulate； circulation 2.digest 3.hearing 4.abuse 5.tolerate； tolerant 6.seek 7.controversial 8.oppose 9.contradict；contradiction 10.violate 11.cater 12.treat 13.storage 14.postpone 15.rebuild 16.prohibit 17.pause 18.statistics 19

4、.press 20.adaptation； adapt 21.foresee 22.prescribe； prescription 23.underline 24.thorough 25.faith 26.temporary 27.decline 28.minimum； maximum 29.institution 30.unconditionally 31.equip； equipment 32.fortune 33.enquiry 34.deadline 35.submit 36.extension 37.concern 38.sceptical 39.absurd 40.circumst

5、ance F短語梳理1. _ 徒然；白費力氣2. _ 不管多大代價；無論如何3. _ 終止；消滅4. _ 無論如何；至少5. _ 徹底毀滅6. _ 長期地；永久地7. _ 遺漏；遺忘；錯過機會8. _ 聚焦；集中；對準9. _ 隨便地；隨意地自我校對1.in vain 2.at all costs 3.stop sth. in its tracks 4.at any rate 5.wipe out 6.for good 7.miss out 8.focus on 9.at random重點知識探究重點知識探究F重點單詞1. tolerate vt. 容忍；寬容I cant tolerate y

6、our bad manners any longer.我再也不能容忍你無禮的行為。She refused to tolerate being called a liar.她拒不接受被稱為撒謊者。知識梳理tolerate doing 容忍干某事探究練習Some old people dont like pop songs because they cant _ so much noise.A. tolerate B. ignoreC. undertake D. concern【解析】 A 考查了tolerate表示“容忍；忍受”之意的用法。句意：有些老人不喜歡流行音樂因為他們不能忍受這么多噪音。

7、2. seek vt & vi. 尋找；尋求；請求；要求；試圖Something suspicious was found after the room was sought through.房間被徹底搜查后，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一點可疑的東西。He sought to speak to her.他尋找機會與她說話。知識梳理seek after / for 尋找seek through 在中搜尋；搜查遍seek to do 設(shè)法做某事seek ones fortune 尋找致富之路；外出闖蕩點津提示seek的過去式和過去分詞均為sought探究練習She managed to calm him down a

8、nd _ help from a neighbour.A. seek B. askC. support D. demand【解析】 A 考查了及物動詞seek表示“尋求”之意的用法。而ask是不及物動詞，后面接for再接賓語； support是“支持”； demand是“要求”，均為干擾項。3. oppose vt. 反對；使對立；抵抗Why did you oppose my suggestion?你為什么反對我的建議？I am opposed to their marriage.我反對他們結(jié)婚。求同存異oppose， object二者均含有“反對”之意；oppose表示“采取積極行動來反對

9、”，著重動作，對象一般是重大的事； object“反對”；指個人不贊成某事，或持有相反的意見，常與to搭配。知識梳理(1)oppose sth. / doing sth. / sb. doing sth.反對某事/做某事/某人做某事oppose sth. to / against sth.使某事物與另一事物對照或?qū)?2)opposed adj. 相反的；對立的be opposed to . 反對；與對立(3)opposite adj.相對的；對面的 n.對立的人(物)；對立面探究練習用oppose或object的適當形式填空。(1)We can sense that he doesnt _

10、the suggestion at all from his expression.(2)She _ to being scolded in public at the meeting.【答案】 (1)oppose (2)objected4. postpone vt. 推遲；延期The baseball was postponed because of the bad weather.棒球賽因為天氣不好而延期了。We have to postpone going to France because the children are ill.我們不得不推遲去法國，因為孩子病了。The conce

11、rt has been postponed to Saturday.音樂會已經(jīng)推遲到星期六了。知識梳理postpone doing 推遲做某事postpone . to . 把推遲到探究練習The sports meet was put off because of the rain and it will _ next week.A. be postponed to B. be postponed onC. postpone to D. postpone on【解析】 A 考查了postpone . to . 表示“把推遲到”之意的用法。句意：運動會因為下雨而被推遲了可能要推遲到下周。5.

12、prohibit vt. 禁止；阻止；使不可能Soviet citizens were prohibited from travelling abroad.蘇聯(lián)時代的公民被禁止出國旅游。The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from taking up this sport.昂貴的設(shè)備令許多人對這項運動望而卻步。求同存異prohibit， forbid， bann. & vt. “禁止；禁令”(=formal prohibition)，指合法地或由于社會壓力而禁止，含譴責或不贊成的態(tài)度，通常搭配形式:ban . from sth. /

13、 doing sth.banvt. “禁止；不準”(=forbid by authority)，指通過法律、法令、警告等作出禁止命令的正式規(guī)定或規(guī)則，通常搭配形式:prohibit sb. from sth. / doing sth.prohibitvt. “禁止；不許”，普通用語，比prohibit通俗，用于較小事物，或個人、上級、官方、長輩做出的禁止命令、規(guī)定，或客觀條件不允許，通常搭配形式:forbid sb. to do sth.forbid用法比較探究練習用prohibit， forbid和ban的適當形式填空。(1)Smoking is _ in the park.(2)His p

14、arents _ him to surf the Internet.(3)Driving after wine is _ in the country.【答案】 (1)banned (2)forbid (3)prohibited6. press n. 新聞界；報界 vt. 壓；擠；逼迫The press always reports the important news.報界總是報道重要新聞。His body was pressing against his mother.他的身體緊貼著他媽媽。If pressed， he will admit that he knew about the a

15、ffairs.如果逼問他，他就會承認對此事知道詳情。知識梳理press for急切地要求(得到)；敦促(做某事) press forward 向前進逼；奮力推進press on加緊趕路；奮力前進；加緊進行press ones way奮力前進；向前擠at (the) press (=in press； come to the press)已付?。辉谟∷⒅衎e hard pressed for money 拮據(jù)；手頭很緊be pressed for time 時間緊迫go (come， send) to press 開始印刷off the press 已印好；已發(fā)行out of press 絕版探

16、究練習The premier held a _ conference in the Great Hall of the People.A. pressure B. stressC. press D. pressing【解析】 C 考查了press用作名詞，表示“新聞界；報界”之意的用法。句意：總理在人民大會堂舉行了新聞發(fā)布會。pressure是名詞，表示“壓力”之意； stress是“壓力；緊張”； pressing 是形容詞，“緊迫的；逼迫的”之意。7. forsee vt. 預見；預知The extent of the damage could not have been foreseen

17、.損害程度是無法預見的。We could forsee that we would die if we couldnt reach land very soon.可以預見，如果不能很快地靠岸登陸，我們必死無疑。求同存異foresee， predict， forecast強調(diào)“預知；預見”；著重指宣布未來的事，而不表明所預言的事情是否正確foresee強調(diào)“預報”；指通過分析一些相關(guān)的信息、數(shù)據(jù)來預測。如天氣預報等forecast指根據(jù)已知的事實或自然規(guī)律推斷出未來的事情，可以用于各種不同的場合；所做出的推斷或預言有一定的科學性predict點津提示foresee的過去式是foresaw；過去分

18、詞是foreseen。探究練習用foresee， forecast和predict的適當形式填空。(1)It is impossible to _ how life will work out.(2)Hurricane has been _ for tomorrow afternoon.(3)They _ great things for the boy. 【答案】 (1)foresee (2)forecast (3)predicted8. faith n. 信心；信任；信念；宗教信仰I have great faith in her； she wont let me down.我對她很有信心

19、，她不會讓我失望的。How could he tell them the truth without breaking faith with the party?他怎么能不背棄對黨的信仰而跟他們說明事實真相呢？知識梳理have / lose faith in 對有/失去信心in faith 的確；確實探究練習This is an experience which tests your endurance， patience and also your _ in your success.A. independence B. faithC. trust D. confidence【解析】 B 考

20、查了faith表示“信任；信念”之意的用法。句意：這是一次考驗?zāi)愕娜棠土?、耐心和你對成功的信念的?jīng)歷。independence是“獨立”； trust是“信賴”； confidence是“信心”，均為干擾項。9. rob vt. 使喪失；搶劫；盜取I was robbed of my watch.我的手表被搶走了。They robbed the bank of thousands of dollars.他們搶走了那家銀行幾千美元。The accident robbed him of his health.那次事故使他喪失了健康。發(fā)散思維robber n. 搶劫者robbery n. 搶劫ste

21、al v. 偷求同存異steal， robrob . of . 搶走某人某物steal . from . 從偷走點津提示rob的過去式和過去分詞分別是robbed / robbed。探究練習The robber argued that he was forced to _ her of her money because some man _ all the money from him.A. rob； stole B. stole； rob C. rob； rob D. stole； stole【解析】 A 考查了rob . of . 表示“搶某人某物”和steal . from . .表示

22、“偷某人某物”的用法。句意：這個搶劫者說他是被迫去搶她的錢的因為某一個人把他的錢給偷去了。10. decline vt & vi. 下降；拒絕；婉拒；謝絕 n. 衰弱；減退；退步；減少The whole team declined to follow his order.整個隊的成員都拒絕遵循他的指示。The town fell into a decline after the mine closed.這個鎮(zhèn)在礦井關(guān)閉后開始衰落。Industry in Britain has been in decline since the 1970s.英國工業(yè)自從20世紀70年代以來一直在走下坡路。求同存

23、異decline， refuse， reject用于正式場合，如外交或商業(yè)條款之類，另外還有“拋棄；剔除”之意，后面接名詞。reject表示“拒絕他人的請求或拒絕自己不想要的事物”，多用于 refuse sth. refuse to do sth. refuse sb. sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)中refuse表示“婉言謝絕”；多用于decline sth.decline doing / to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)中decline知識梳理decline to do sth. 拒絕做某事on the decline 在衰退；在減弱fall into a decline 陷入衰退中探究練習Hourly out

24、put by workers _ 1.3% in the first quarter.A. declined B. rejectedC. refused D. accepted【解析】 A 考查動詞辨析。句意：第一季度工人每小時的產(chǎn)量下降了1.3%。四個選項中只有decline可以譯為“下降；減少”，符合句意。11. equip vt. 配備；裝備；使有所準備；使能夠做They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.他們帶上兩把利斧便朝森林走去。His evening study has

25、 equipped him for a career as a teacher.夜校的學習使他能擔任教師的工作。We equip our children with a good education.我們使孩子們受到良好的教育。發(fā)散思維equipment n. 裝備；配備(不可數(shù)名詞)知識梳理equip . with . 用武裝equip . for . / to do . 為了而準備be fully equipped 裝備完善探究練習We want to _ our children _ some special skills， thus they can live better in th

26、e future.A. prepare； for B. equip； with C. equip； for D. prepare； with【解析】 B 考查了equip . with . 表示“用裝備”之意的用法。句意：我們想使我們的孩子具備一些特殊的技能，這樣，他們會在將來生活地更好些。12. fortune n. 機會；運氣；命運；前途；財產(chǎn)marry a fortune和有錢的人結(jié)婚fortune hunter想與有錢人結(jié)婚的人；淘金者She can tell your fortune by examining your hands.通過給你看手相，她能夠算出你的命運。發(fā)散思維fort

27、unate adj. 幸運的知識梳理be in good / bad fortune 運氣好(壞) by good fortune 幸好；由于幸運have a fortune 有財產(chǎn)have good / bad fortune 運氣好(壞)have the fortune to do 幸而(做)if fortune favours 如果運氣好make a fortune 發(fā)財致富make ones fortune 發(fā)財致富read / tell sb.s fortune 給某人算命seek ones fortune 找出路try ones fortune 碰運氣點津提示fortune表示“運

28、氣”之意時是不可數(shù)名詞；表示“財產(chǎn)；前途”之意時是可數(shù)名詞。探究練習He went to America to seek his _ and it turned out that his decision was wise and he is very wealthy now.A. fortunate B. luckyC. chance D. fortune【解析】 D 考查了seek ones fortune表示“找出路”之意的用法。句意：他想到美國去找出路，而最后證明他的決定是明智的，他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)很富有了。其余選擇項均為干擾項。F重點短語1. wipe out 徹底毀滅；根除；擦凈The g

29、overnment is trying to wipe out drug trafficking.政府竭力消除毒品買賣活動。The disease almost wiped out the population of the island.這種疾病幾乎將全島的人毀滅。He spent all the morning wiping out the bath.他花了一整個早晨的時間擦拭浴盆。知識拓展與wipe有關(guān)的其他短語：wipe away 擦去；揩去；消除wipe off 擦掉；除掉wipe out擦掉；擦凈的內(nèi)部；還清(欠款等)；消滅；殺死wipe up 擦凈；擦掉；揩干；打敗；消滅；殲滅2

30、. at any rate無論如何；至少The medicine must arrive on time at any rate.不管怎么樣藥物必須按時到達。Well， thats one good piece of news at any rate.不管怎么說，這是個好消息。知識拓展與rate有關(guān)的其他短語：at this / that rate 這樣/那樣的話at the / a rate of . 以的速度或比率；以的價格探究練習He said hell be coming tomorrow. _， I think thats what he said.A. At any rate B.

31、 At any costC. In conclusion D. In addition【解析】 A 考查了at any rate表示“無論如何；至少”之意的用法。句意：他說他明天要來，至少，我認為他是這樣說的。at any cost是“無論如何；不管以任何代價”； in conclusion是“總之”； in addition是“而且”，均為干擾項。F重點句型Many people doubted Armstrongs ability to become a top cyclist again but they need not have worried.很多人懷疑阿姆斯特朗再次成為頂級車手的

32、能力，但他們本沒有必要擔心。句中need not have worried是表示對過去的虛擬，意為“過去本來沒有必要擔心”之意。I neednt have bought so much wine， for there were only two guests.我本來沒有必要買這么多酒的，因為只有兩個客人。You neednt have taken a taxi here， for it is near my house.你本來沒有必要乘坐出租車的，因為離我家太近了。知識拓展“情態(tài)動詞+have done”的用法must have done過去一定做了某事cant / couldnt have

33、done不可能做過某事could have done 可能做過某事；本來可以做某事而沒有做may / might have done可能做過某事should / ought to have done本來應(yīng)該做某事而事實上并未做neednt have done本來不必要做而做了某事探究練習You _ the meeting to tell me that. You could have come up to me afterwards.A. should have interrupted B. neednt have interruptedC. ought to interrupt D. mus

34、tnt interrupt【解析】 B 本題考查與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，排除C、D兩項；根據(jù)第二句的意思可知，前一句表示“你沒必要打斷會議告訴我那件事”，故B項正確。隨堂基礎(chǔ)闖關(guān)隨堂基礎(chǔ)闖關(guān). 單項填空1. I didnt like the soap opera at first， but when I started watching one， I immediately became _ it.A. accustomed toB. addicted toC. opposed to D. allergic to答案 B解析 句意：一開始我不喜歡肥皂劇，但是當我開始看的時候，我立刻就被吸引住

35、了。be accustomed to“習慣于”； be addicted to“迷上；上癮”； be opposed to“反對；與對立”； be allergic to“對過敏”。2. The old lady came to the police station and claimed _ of her purse when she was shopping.A. to be robbed B. to be robbingC. to rob D. to have been robbed答案 D解析 考查rob的用法。句意：這位老婦人來到警局，聲稱在購物時錢包被搶了。rob sb.of st

36、h.“搶某人某物”，the old lady與rob之間存在邏輯動賓關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動式，且被搶動作發(fā)生在claim(宣稱)之前，故用不定式的完成被動式，D項正確。3. Nobody can _ his rude behavior， and thats why he has no friend.A. accustom B. understandC. cover D. tolerate答案 D解析 句意：沒有人能容忍他的粗魯行為，所以他沒有朋友。tolerate“容忍；忍受”； accustom“使習慣于”； understand“理解”； cover“覆蓋”。4. He told us t

37、hat he was going to Beijing to _ his fortune.A. seek B. researchC. gather D. produce答案 A解析 句意:他告訴我們他要到北京碰碰運氣。seek ones fortune“發(fā)財致富；碰運氣”。符合句意要求。5. The majority of people in the town strongly _ the plan to build a playground for children.A. consider B. supportC. confirm D. submit答案 B解析 考查動詞辨析。句意：鎮(zhèn)上的大

38、多數(shù)人都積極地擁護為孩子們建造運動場的計劃。consider“考慮；思考；認為”； support“支持；擁護；維持”； confirm“證實；確認”； submit“使屈服；使接受”。6. Does the common man _ the idea of political union between European countries?A. object B. opposeC. be for D. be against答案 B解析 句意：一般人是不是反對歐洲國家之間的政治聯(lián)盟的想法呢?be for“支持”； be against“反對”，句中由助動詞does提問，故不能選。object

39、 to“反對”； oppose sth.“反對”。故應(yīng)選B。. 短語應(yīng)用1. I would like to work in a more relaxed environment， but _ I enjoy the work Im doing at present.A. in other words B. on the other handC. at all costs D. as a result答案 B解析 句意：我想在一個更加寬松的環(huán)境里工作，但另一方面我也很喜歡目前做的工作。on the other hand“另一方面”，尤其用來引出對立的觀點、思想等； in other words

40、“換句話說”； at all costs“無論如何”； as a result“結(jié)果”。2. _， we wont finish the work by the end of this month.A. At any rate B. At a rateC. At this rate D. At the rate答案 A解析 句意：無論如何這個月末我們完不成工作。at any rate“無論如何；至少”； at this rate“照這種情形”。3. At last she wiped _ the jar and filled it with clean water.A. off B. upC.

41、 out D. away答案 C解析 考查wipe短語。句意：最終她擦凈了罐子的內(nèi)部，并把它裝滿了干凈的水。wipe out“擦凈的內(nèi)部”； wipe . off“擦掉”； wipe . up“擦凈(液體等)”； wipe . away“擦去(眼淚等)”。. 單詞拼寫1. Heart is often compared to a p _.2. The little boy was a _ in the picture book.3. He s _ an egg without chewing.4. After eating so much， we need a walk to d _.5. I

42、t worried us that the number of endangered animals was still on the d _.6. _ (告知) of the meeting， he hurried into the meeting room.7. Having _ (戒掉) smoking for 3 months， he looks much healthier.8. After the _ (爆發(fā)) of SARS， much attention was given by the government.9. Its necessary to build some _ (

43、防御) works along the border.10. The _ (嚴峻的) situation caused a panic in the city.答案 1. pump 2. absorbed 3. swallowed 4. digest 5. decrease / decline 6. Informed 7. quitted 8. outbreak 9. defence 10. severe. 用方框中所給出的短語補全下列的句子in despair; be aware of; focus on; as early as; highly populated; return to n

44、ormal; be lost to; give up; as a whole; be diagnosed as1. Few people with brain injury can _ and live a life as before.2. In _ areas， pollution is especially severe.3. In Europe， one half of the population _ the Black Death.4. Epidemics are described in his topical accounts _ 430 BC. 5. The doctor a

45、dvised my brother to _ smoking as soon as possible.6. In Western Medicine， treatment is only _ the part of the body that is ill.7. Chinese Medicine treats the body _.8. The government warned the people to _ the spread of Bird Flu.9. Armstrong _ having lung cancer.10. After the failure of the operati

46、on， she cried _.答案 1. return to normal 2. highly populated 3. was lost to4. as early as 5. give up 6. focused on 7. as a whole 8. be aware of 9. was diagnosed as 10. in despair. 完成句子1. If I had stopped smoking 10 years ago， _ (我今天會健康許多).2. The book _ (我以為丟了) was just under my bed.3. _(SARS 被認為是最具危害性

47、的傳染病) in recent years.4. Some virus have been around since _(地球上生命的開始).5. Most people_(沒有這種疾病的天然防御力).6. We should work together to _(消滅這種病毒).答案1. I would be much healthier today2. I thought I had lost3. SARS was believed to be the most harmful epidemic4. the beginning of life on earth5. have no natural defences against the disease6. stop the virus in its tracks