山東省德州市樂陵市2019屆中考英語復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解 說明文（含解析）.doc

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說明文 A The earth is about 4,600 million years old. Modern man has lived on the earth for only 35,000 years, but during that time, we have changed our planet in many ways. Many of the things that we have done are good, but more are not good for the earth. Water pollution A lot of people, birds and fish die each day because of water pollution. Factories have polluted the land and the water. As a result, many rivers and lakes are now dead. Air pollution In big cities, factories, as well as cars, trucks and buses are the main cause of air pollution. Many people in cities now have serious health problems. For example, Mexico city used to be a beautiful sunny capital, but today it is always covered by thick brown clouds. Soil pollution In order to have a good harvest, most of the farmers use chemicals too much in their fields. Thats bad for the soil. But this kind of pollution is difficult to stop. Hope for the future These problems are very serious for our future, so all of us should do something to improve our environment. If we can stop pollution, our planet will become more and more beautiful and our health will be better. Lets be greener people! 1. ___________ have made the earth change a lot. A. Human beings B. Animals C. Plants D. People in other planets 2. There are ___________ kinds of pollution in this passage. A. two B. three C. four D. five 3. Pollution isnt a big problem now, is it? A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isnt. C. Yes, there is. D. No, there isnt. 4. Which sentence is NOT right according to the passage? A. Most of things that we have done are good for our planet. B. We must stop the factories from pouring waste water into the rivers and lakes. C. Because of water pollution, many rivers and lakes are now dead. D. Water pollution is very serious nowadays. 5. Which sentence is RIGHT? A. Though Mexico city is always covered by thick brown clouds, its still a beautiful sunny capital. B. Air pollution can make people sick. C. Now fewer farmers use chemicals in the fields. D. Factories, cars, trucks and buses are the main cause of soil pollution. 【答案】 ABABA【解析】【文章大意】這篇短文講述的是由于人類的活動，對地球造成的一些影響。人類的很多行為對地球是有利的，但是更多的行為是對地球有害的。作者主要從水污染、空氣污染、土壤污染和對未來的希望來論述的這一話題。 根據(jù)短文第一段中Modern man has lived on the earth for only 35,000 years, but during that time, we have changed our planet in many ways.可知，人類在地球上已經(jīng)居住了3萬5千年，在這些年中，人們在很多方面改變了我們的星球。這里的we指代的是人類。故選A。 根據(jù)短文第二、三、四段可知，文章中提到了地球上的三種污染，即水污染、空氣污染和土壤污染。故選B。 根據(jù)短文第二、三、四三段的內(nèi)容可知，現(xiàn)在地球上有很多污染，并且很嚴重，因此污染是地球上的一個大問題。故應(yīng)該選A。本題的題意是：現(xiàn)在污染不是一個大問題，是嗎？不，它是。故選 A。 根據(jù)Factories have polluted the land and the water. As a result, many rivers and lakes are now dead.可知C的說法是正確的；根據(jù)文意可知，由于工廠排放污水，造成了河流的污染，因此我們應(yīng)該制止工廠排放污水，故B是正確的；根據(jù)短文第二段的內(nèi)容可知，現(xiàn)在水污染非常的嚴重，故D也是正確的；根據(jù)Many of the things that we have done are good, but more are not good for the earth.可知C不對。故選A。 根據(jù)短文第三段Many people in cities now have serious health problems.的內(nèi)容可知，由于空氣污染，導(dǎo)致了人們的健康問題。故B的說法是正確的。根據(jù)Mexico city used to be a beautiful sunny capital, but today it is always covered by thick brown clouds.可知A不對；根據(jù)most of the farmers use chemicals too much in their fields可知C不對；根據(jù)In big cities, factories, as well as cars, trucks and buses are the main cause of air pollution可知D不對。故選B。 B Do you want to become more clever? Have you ever trained your brain? Now there are some new suggestions, such as eating dark chocolate, having cold meat for breakfast and so on. You should also avoid watching soap operas, and spending time with people who have unhealthy diets (飲食), according to a new book on getting “brain-fit”. The book’s name is Teach Yourself Training Your Brain. Writers Terry Horne and Simon Wootton say that their advice is from the latest research by experts around the world. “For years we have thought our brain capability (能力) is decided by our genes (基因). But it’s now clear that it depends on our lifestyle. What we eat and drink, how we learn at school and what type of feelings we have are all important,” said Horne. The book talks about the latest ideas about how diet, environment and stress influence our brain capacity. It also offers advice and exercises. The book comes out when more and more people are spending money on books, DVDs and computer games, which claim (聲稱) to help people improve their brain’s capability. Horne believes that people need to make changes to their lifestyles to increase their brain capacity. Happiness, confidence and optimism (樂觀) help the brain, he added. “So mix with people who make you laugh, or share the same interests as you. And avoid people who often complain (抱怨),” said Horne. “People who are negative will make you sad, which means you won’t achieve things.” 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。 6. According to the book, which of the following is good for training your brain? A. Eating dark chocolate. B. Watching soap operas. C. Having milk for breakfast. D. Spending time with unhealthy people. 7. What does Horne think of the brain capability? A. It’s decided by our lifestyle. B. It has nothing to do with schools. C. It depends on what our genes are like. D. It should follow the type of our feelings. 8. What’s the book Teach Yourself Training Your Brain mainly about? A. How people’s brain works. B. Some exercises to improve brain capability. C. Some scientific and healthy diets. D. How to improve people’s brain capability. 9. The underlined word “ negative” means __________ in Chinese. A. 懶惰的 B. 誠實的 C. 消極的 D. 細心的 10. In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage? A. Nature. B. Sports. C. Culture. D. Science. 【答案】 AADCD【解析】【文章大意】本文通過一本書《教你訓(xùn)練自己的大腦》來說明怎么訓(xùn)練你的大腦，讓你變得更聰明。 根據(jù)第一段Now there are some new suggestions, such as eating dark chocolate, having cold meat for breakfast and so on.可知，吃黑巧克力對訓(xùn)練你的大腦有好處。故選A。 根據(jù)第四段Horne believes that people need to make changes to their lifestyles to increase their brain capacity.可知，霍恩認為，人們需要改變他們的生活方式來增加他們的大腦能力。故選A。 根據(jù)第一段Do you want to become more clever? Have you ever trained your brain?... You should also avoid watching soap operas, and spending time with people who have unhealthy diets (飲食), according to a new book on getting "brain-fit".以及第二段The books name is Teach Yourself Training Your Brain.可知，這本書是關(guān)于如何提高人們的大腦能力的。故選D。 根據(jù)最后一段"So mix with people who make you laugh, or share the same interests as you. And avoid people who often complain (抱怨),"；People who arenegativewill make you sad,可知，要與那些讓你笑的人或有相同興趣的人在一起，避免與經(jīng)常抱怨的人在一起，可知People who arenegativewill make you sad,“消極的人會讓你難過”。故選C。 本文通過一本書《教你訓(xùn)練自己的大腦》來說明怎么訓(xùn)練你的大腦，讓你變得想變得更聰明。A.自然；B.體育；C.文化；D.科學(xué)。對比選項，本文只有在報紙上科學(xué)版塊有可能讀到。故選D。 C The Greenest School in Britain The pupils and teachers at Fairfield School think it’s worth protecting the environment! This is what they’ve been doing: Growing vegetables Fairfield School pupils started their own vegetable garden. Both children and teachers plant and water the seeds (種子), then they pick the vegetables, which are used in school meals. Now they can all enjoy healthy food at lunchtime. “School dinners are more delicious than ever before!” says one pupil. Recycling The Fairfield pupils don’t just bring their books to school — they bring their rubbish too! There are recycling bins (回收箱) in the playground for cans, plastic bottles, batteries and paper. The teachers give a prize every month to the pupil who has tried the hardest to recycle. Planting trees “This school used to be one of the least beautiful areas of the city with no green areas, says the head teacher Lynne Johnson.” Now every child has planted their own tree, and they take care of the trees during the week. They’ve made the view (風(fēng)景) from the classroom more beautiful! Finding cleaner ways to get around Everyone walks or cycles to Fairfield School! “When the roads are busy, it’s faster to ride bikes than to go by car anyway,” says one pupil. Even the teachers don’t use their cars. “We won’t encourage our pupils to protect the environment if we don’t do it ourselves!” says one teacher. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子正誤。正確的用“A”表示，不正確的用“B”表示。 11. The pupils at Fairfield School can eat the vegetables that they grow at school. A. 正確 B. 錯誤 12. Every month the pupil who has done the best in studying will be given a prize. A. 正確 B. 錯誤 13. The pupils have made Fairfield School more beautiful by planting trees. A. 正確 B. 錯誤 14. Both the teachers and the pupils at Fairfield School go to school by car. A. 正確 B. 錯誤 15. The teachers at this school set a good example to the pupils in protecting the environment. A. 正確 B. 錯誤 【答案】 ABABA 【解析】【文章大意】本文介紹了英國最環(huán)保的學(xué)校，以及學(xué)校的學(xué)生和老師們是怎么做的。 根據(jù)Growing vegetables中Both children and teachers plant and water the seeds (種子), then they pick the vegetables, which are used in school meals.可知，學(xué)校的學(xué)生可以吃他們在學(xué)校種植的蔬菜。此句正確，故選A。 根據(jù)Recycling中The teachers give a prize every month to the pupil who has tried the hardest to recycle.可知，老師每個月都會給那些回收最努力的學(xué)生獎勵。此句錯誤，故選B。 根據(jù)Planting trees中Now every child has planted their own tree, and they take care of the trees during the week. Theyve made the view (風(fēng)景) from the classroom more beautiful!可知，學(xué)生們通過種植樹木讓菲爾德學(xué)校變得更美麗。此句正確，故選A。 根據(jù)Finding cleaner ways to get around中Everyone walks or cycles to Fairfield School!可知，大家都步行或騎自行車去學(xué)校。此句錯誤，故選B。 根據(jù)Finding cleaner ways to get around中"We wont encourage our pupils to protect the environment if we dont do it ourselves!” says one teacher."可知，這所學(xué)校的老師為學(xué)生保護環(huán)境樹立了良好的榜樣。此句正確，故選A。 D What problems do the teenagers probably have? Here is a survey showing their main problems. Problems Causes Advice Feeling stressed Too much homework; Not having enough time for their hobbies. Make a plan for study and hobbies. Find time to relax as often as you can. Getting short-sighted (近視的) Too much homework; Bad reading and writing habits. Do homework or read in a correct way. Fighting with each other Not knowing how to get on with classmates. Make more friends and understand each other. Share your problems with them. Feeling tired of study Bad influence of computer games. Don?t be crazy about computer games. Play them just for a short time when you are tired. Getting fat Having more pocket money to buy snacks; Disliking doing exercise. Use your pocket money to do something meaningful. Spend some time doing exercise every day. 16. How many main problems are there in the survey? A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D. Seven. 17. What problems are caused by too much homework? A. Feeling stressed and fighting with each other. B. Feeling tired of study and getting fat. C. Feeling stressed and getting short-sighted. D. Getting short-sighted and feeling tired of study. 18. Peter is tired of study, maybe because he ________. A. has no close friends B. has no pocket money C. plays too many computer games D. gets fatter and fatter 19. ________ is a good way for the teenagers to stop fights. A. Doing less homework B. Playing computer games C. Learning how to make friends D. Paying no attention to each other 【答案】 BCCC【解析】【文章大意】本文主要介紹有關(guān)青少年的5個問題，問題分別為學(xué)習(xí)的壓力，近視眼，打架，厭倦學(xué)習(xí)，變胖，以及5個問題產(chǎn)生的原因和解決辦法的建議。 題意：這份調(diào)查中有多少個主要的問題？根據(jù)表格可知在調(diào)查表里談?wù)摿宋鍌€關(guān)于青少年的主要問題，分別是感到學(xué)習(xí)的壓力，近視眼，打架，厭倦學(xué)習(xí)，變胖，故選B。 題意：什么問題是通過太多的作業(yè)造成的？A.Feeling stressed and fighting with each other.感到壓力和互相打架；B.Feeling tired of study and getting fat.感覺厭倦學(xué)習(xí)和變胖；C.Feeling stressed and getting short-sighted.感覺壓力和變成近視眼；D.Getting short-sighted and feeling tired of study.變近視和厭倦學(xué)習(xí)。從表格1和2我們可以在cause一欄看到too much homework，所以太多的作業(yè)導(dǎo)致的問題是感到學(xué)習(xí)的壓力和近視眼，故本題選C。 題意：彼得厭倦學(xué)習(xí)，可能是因為什么？A.has no close friends沒有親密的朋友；B.has no pocket money沒有紅包；C.plays too many computer games玩太多的電腦游戲；D.gets fatter and fatter變得越來越胖。在厭倦學(xué)習(xí)一欄中，原因是Bad influence of computer games.電腦游戲的糟糕影響。故選C。 題意：對于青少年來說，什么是阻止打架的好方法？A.Doing less homework做更少的作業(yè)；B.Playing computer games玩電腦游戲；C.Learning how to make friends學(xué)習(xí)怎樣交朋友；D.Paying no attention to each other彼此不注意。在第三個問題fights一欄，在建議advice一行我們可以知道不打架的建議是多交朋友，彼此之間互相理解，和他們分享你的問題。故選C。 A What do people do with their old, out-of-date but still useful computers? Most people don’t know what to do with them. Many old computers are put away in homes. Many more are simply thrown out with the rubbish. Finally, some companies are thinking of ways to bring down(降低，減少) the number of old computers. Sony has agreed to help recycle old Sony products. Dell, HP and Lenovo companies now also take back some old computers. In some countries, laws are being passed, too. Computer companies will have to pay for collecting and recycling their used products. And 70% of computer waste must be recycled. The idea behind the laws is that computer companies themselves should pay the cost. That will encourage them to make computers that are easier and cheaper to repair and upgrade（升級）. Yet while many people are throwing away good computers, others cannot afford them at all. Hundreds of organizations are working to solve this problem. They collect and repair old computers. Some also teach others how to repair computers. The computers then go to schools, charities and people who need them. Giving a used computer to one of these organizations can turn one person’s rubbish into someone else’s useful things—and cut down on waste, too. 20. What do many people do with old computers? A. They repair them. B. They sell them. C. They send them to others. D. They stop using them. 21. How many computer companies are mentioned in the second paragraph? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 22. According to the laws in some countries, computer companies must ______ . A. recycle most of their products B. collect all their used products C. repair and upgrade old computers D. make more cheaper computers 23. What do the organizations do to solve the problem of old computers? A. Help the computer companies to collect them. B. Repair and send them to those who need them. C. Help people to learn to use them. D. Turn rubbish into useful things. 24. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Repairing old computers. B. Encouraging to make cheap computers C. Recycling old computers. D. Helping those who need computers. 【答案】 DDABC 【解析】【文章大意】文章主要介紹了如何回收利用舊電腦。 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容Most people dont know what to do with them. Many old computers are put away in homes. Many more are simply thrown out with the rubbish.可知答案，故選D。 根據(jù)文章第二段Sonyhas agreed to help recycle old Sony products (產(chǎn)品). Dell, Hewlett-Packard and other companies now also take back some old computers.可知，在第二自然段一共涉及到了三個電腦公司，故選D。 ? 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容In some countries, laws are being passed, too. Computer companies will have to pay for collecting and recycling their used products. And 70% of computer waste must be recycled.可知，法律規(guī)定電腦公司必須回收和循環(huán)使用他們的產(chǎn)品。故選A。 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容They collect and repair old computers. Some also teach others how to repair computers. The computers then go to schools, charities and people who need them.可知答案，故選B。 文章主要介紹了如何回收利用舊電腦。故選C。 B A huge rocket was shot into the night sky. It travelled so fast that people soon couldn?t see it. The whole country was holding its breath, until the launch (發(fā)射) centre said the mission was a success. It was in Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in Sichuan Province. On early December 2, China sent the Chang?e-3 lunar probe up into space. After days of flying, it?s expected to land slowly and safely on the moon in mid-December. So far, only the United States and the former Soviet Union have performed such a landing on the moon. Chang?e-3 has a passenger—Yutu, China?s first moon rover (月球車). After arriving on the moon, Yutu will drive around and examine rock and soil on the moon. It will also look for natural resources. Helium-3 (氦3) is one of them. It?s a great energy source. "There are about 1 to 5 million tons of helium-3 on the moon. It can provide energy for humans for more than 10,000 years," said Ouyang Ziyuan, a senior advisor on China?s lunar programme. The rover is designed to work for one year. After that, it will stay on the moon, because our current technology can?t get it back. Scientists expect to work out that technology by xx, Xinhua reported. "But the moon is just the starting point of our deep space exploration," said Luan Enjie, a senior advisor on China?s lunar programme. "Many of our scientists are studying Mars and how the Chinese will land on it." 25. Chang?e-3 lunar probe was sent up into space to ________. A. explore the moon B. land on Mars C. build a space station D. carry the astronauts into space 26. According to the article, Yutu will ________. A. fly around in space B. look for natural resources C. send helium-3 on the moon to humans D. find some rocks for the scientists 27. Chang?e-3 can?t come back to the Earth because ________. A. it has too much work to do B. our current technology can?t do that C. it has to provide energy to Yutu D. there is no need for it to come back 【答案】ABB【解析】【文章大意】文章說的是xx年12月初，“嫦娥三號”衛(wèi)星從西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心成功發(fā)射及重大意義。 題意：嫦娥三號月球探測器發(fā)射到太空做什么？A.explore the moon探索月球；B.land on Mars登陸火星；C.build a space station建立太空站；D.carry the astronauts into space載著宇航員進入太空。根據(jù)文中句子After arriving on the moon, Yutu will drive around and examine rock and soil on the moon.在到達月球之后，玉圖將駕駛并探查月球上的巖石和土壤?？芍菫榱颂剿髟虑?。故選A。 題意：根據(jù)文章描述，Yutu將要做什么？A.fly around in space在太空到處飛行；B.look for natural resources尋找自然資源；C.send helium-3 on the moon to humans把月球上的氦-3發(fā)送給人類；D.find some rocks for the scientists給科學(xué)家找到一些巖石。根據(jù)文中句子It will also look for natural resources.它也將尋找自然資源?。故選B。 題意：嫦娥三號不能回到地球是因為什么？A.it has too much work to do它有太多的事情做；B.our current technology can?t do that我們目前的技術(shù)不能做；C.it has to provide energy to Yutu它不得不給Yutu提供能量；D.there is no need for it to come back不需要回來。根據(jù)文中句子because our current technology can?t get it back.因為我們的技術(shù)不能讓它回來。故選B。