2019屆中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語動詞練習(xí).doc

專題十一 非謂語動詞教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 掌握動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞的基本用法；2. 準(zhǔn)確完成動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞的相關(guān)練習(xí)。非謂語動詞專題考情分析非謂語動詞是指在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式，在句子中相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞或副詞。非謂語在句中不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制。不定式、動名詞、分詞都是非謂語動詞。近年來中考關(guān)于非謂語動詞的考查重點有：動名詞作主語和賓語；分詞作定語；動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補足語、狀語和定語；不定式符號to的省略以及及物動詞后接動詞不定式和接動名詞的意義差異等。自我測試1. Why dont we encourage our children _ off the video games and pick up a book?A. turnB. turningC. to turn D. to turning2. Andy made a big bamboo box the little sick bird until it could fly again.A. keepB. keptC. keepsD. to keep3. The heavy rain made the headmaster_ the school sports meeting.A. to cancel B. cancel C. canceling D. canceled4. Rio de Janeiro still has a lot of things _ to prepare for the xx Olympics. A. doB. didC. to doD. does5. Its important English well. A. of you to learn B. of you learn C. for you to learn D. for you learning6. Its kind _ you _ so much for us.A. of, to think B. for, to think C. of, thinking7. It takes me half an hour _ the piano every day. A. play B. playing C. to play8. I prefer _ outside for a trip rather than _at home this May Day holiday.A. to go, staying B. going, to stay C. to go, stay D. going, staying9. We have two rooms _, but I cant decide _. A. to live; to choose which oneB. to live; choose which oneC. to live in; which one to chooseD. to live in; choose which one10. He is often seen others in need.A. help B. to help C. helps D. helping11. The mothers advice fell _deaf ears again. Its no use _ to her.A. on; talkingB. with; to talkC. to; talk12. Dad, why must I stop _ computer games?For your health, my boy.A. play B. to play C. to playing D. playing13. Thomas story about _ a bear attack was really exciting.A. surviveB. survivingC. to surviveD. to surviving14. Mary is a little poor at English . I think she needs _ it every day. A. practice to speak B. to practice speakingC. practice speaking15. The students and their teacher _ eagerly looking forward to _Spring Festival. A. is; come B. are; coming C. are; the coming16. Ling Feng makes the baby .A. stops crying B. stop to cry C. to stop crying D. stop crying17. Recently I have read some books by Verne, a famous science fiction writer.A. were written B. written C. wrote D. write18. I think the short stories _ by Dickens are very popular _ the children.A. are written; forB. are written; amongC. written; amongD. written; between參考答案：15 CDBCC 610 ACCCB 1115 ADBBB 1618 DBC教學(xué)建議：1. 如果學(xué)生自我測試中的1-10小題有錯誤，建議先帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生回顧考點1關(guān)于動詞不定式的考點復(fù)習(xí)部分，并完成基礎(chǔ)演練中寫出單詞正確復(fù)數(shù)形式和短語翻譯的練習(xí)。2. 如果學(xué)生自我測試中的11-16小題有錯誤，建議先帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生回顧考點2關(guān)于動名詞的復(fù)習(xí)部分。3. 如果學(xué)生自我測試中的17-18小題有錯誤，建議先帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生回顧考點3關(guān)于分詞的復(fù)習(xí)部分。4.通過自我測試部分的測驗，可以簡單了解學(xué)生對于非謂語動詞的整體掌握情況，根據(jù)自己所帶學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)程度，非謂語動詞考點的復(fù)習(xí)可以有所刪減或選擇性的講解。知識梳理非謂語動詞動詞不定式形式肯定：to do否定：not to do句法功能主、賓、表、賓補、定、狀等動名詞形式doing句法功能主、賓、表、定等分詞現(xiàn)在分詞形式doing句法功能定、表、狀、賓等過去分詞形式done句法功能定、表、賓補等考點歸納：1. 不定式的句型：its +adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.；2. 一些動詞后跟不定式與動名詞的區(qū)別；3. 不定式的肯定和否定形式；4. 使役動詞后接不帶to的不定式的用法；5. 動名詞作主語、賓語、定語的用法；6. have sb. do sth和have sth done的區(qū)別：考點歸納【考點1】動詞不定式1. 動詞不定式的形式肯定式to doTell the children to eat healthy food.否定式not to doTell the children not to eat unhealthy food.【注】動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式，在句中不能用作謂語，其形式不隨主語的人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)而變化。動詞不定式可以有自己的賓語和邏輯主語等。I want to buy a computer.Its important for us to learn English.2. 動詞不定式的句法功能成分用法例句主語1) 位于句首，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.2) 常用it作形式主語，把不定式放在后面常見句型: Its+ adj. + of/for + sb. + to do sth.形容詞是描述人的性格和品質(zhì)方面時，用of;形容詞用于描述不定式動作時，用forIt is a / ones + n. (task / duty / job) + to do sth.It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.Its extremely kind of you to come and meet me.Its dangerous for you to drive so fast.Its my duty to save patients表語多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語Her job is to clean the hall.=To clean the hall is her job.賓語1) 作某些動詞的賓語，如want, refuse, forget, afford, try, choose, agree, help, hope, decide等Tom cant afford to buy a car at present.2) 在find, think后作賓語時，常用it代替，作賓語的動詞不定式后移I find it easy to read English every day.賓補1) tell, ask, allow, would like, encourage, advise, remind等后跟動詞不定式作賓補She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class.2) 一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補，這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有：一感(feel),二聽(hear, listen),三讓(let, make, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice),但被動要還原toI saw him cross the road.My friend were made to work the whole night by the boss.定語1) 不定式作定語一般放在被修飾詞的后面On the farm everyone has lots of work to do2) 不定式作后置定語，與被修飾的詞是動賓關(guān)系，如果動詞為不及物動詞，后面須加上相應(yīng)的介詞There is nothing to worry about.I want a pen to write with.He is looking for a room to live in.3) 不定式修飾不定代詞something, anything等時，放在它們的后面，如果不定代詞也被形容詞修飾，詞序是“不定代詞+形容詞+不定式”I had something cold to drink.狀語表目的He worked day and night to earn money.表結(jié)果The policemen searched the house only to find nothing.表原因They were very sad to hear the news.獨立成分這種不定式獨立與句子之外，表示說話者的態(tài)度、語氣等,如to be honest, to begin with等To tell you the truth, we dont want to include you.例題1：My parents often tell me too much junk food because its bad for my health. A. not eatingB. not to eatC. eatingD. to eat例題2：He hurried back home _ his schoolbag. A. fetchedB. to fetchC. fetchingD. fetches例題3：Jacks teacher asked him _ off the lights after class. A. turningB. turnedC. to turn例題4： Why do we eat vegetables every day, Mum? _ healthy, my dear.A. To keepB. KeepC. KeepingD. Kept例題5：When you move somewhere new, the first thing for you is to find a place_.A. to liveB. living inC. to live in例題6：Even Tonys granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him _ smoking.A. give upB. gave upC. to give upD. giving up例題7： It is important _ people _ good manners.A. for; to learnB. of; to learnC. for; learnD. of; learn例題8：Let me help you carry the box, Granny.Thank you, Li Lei. Its very nice _ you _ me.A. of; to helpB. for; to helpC. of; helpingD. for; helping例題9：Its our duty _ our city clean and beautiful.Yes. We should do something for it.A. to keepB. keepC. keeping例題10： At times, parents find it difficult _ with their teenage children. A. talkB. talkedC. talkingD. to talk參考答案：BBCAC CAAAD3. 動詞不定式的常見搭配1) 疑問詞+不定式可以作主、賓、表等，相當(dāng)于名詞性從句，因此常用這個結(jié)構(gòu)把復(fù)合句改為簡單句Where to go is still a question.The problem is where to find him.I dont know what to do next.= I dont know what I should do next.2) too +adj.+ to do太而不能He is too young to go to school.3) adj./ adv. +enough to do足夠做He is not enough to go to school.例題1：Shes not strong enough _ walking up mountains. A. to goB. goingC. goD. went例題2： I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? I havent decided where _. A. goB. wentC. goingD. to go參考答案：AD4. 動詞不定式符號to的省略1) 在“一感(feel),二聽(hear, listen),三讓(let, make, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice), 半幫助(help)”后作賓補的動詞不定式可以省略to，但在被動語態(tài)中，必須帶to。I saw him go into the room just now.= He was seen to go into the room just now.The boss made my friend work the whole night.=My friend were made to work the whole night by the boss.2) would rather(not) do than do ; had better(not) doWe had better take some warm clothes.3) why not do; cant but doWhy not have a rest? I cant but walk to school.4) 當(dāng)兩個或多個動詞不定式并列時，第一個動詞不定式加to，后面的動詞不定式省略toI want to visit him and ask for some help.例題1：You look too tired. Why not _a rest?A. stop to haveB. to stop havingC. stop having例題2： Lets play football on the playground. Its too hot outside. I would rather _ at home than _ out.A. to stay; goB. staying; goingC. stay; to goD. stay; go例題3： What a heavy rain! So it is. I prefer_ rather than_ on such a rainy day.A. to go out; stay at homeB. to stay at home; go outC. going out; stay at homeD. staying at home ; go out例題4：The boy is often heard_ in the music room. He sings very well.A. practice singingB. to practice singingC. practiced singing例題5： What happens when you hear a strange noise at night, or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom? It often makes us _.A. jumpB. to jumpC. jumpingD. jumped例題6： If you see the cartoon film, you will _ laugh.A. be madeB. be made toC. made toD. make參考答案：ADBBA B【考點2】動名詞 1. 動名詞的形式肯定式doingSleeping is good for our health.否定式not doingIm sorry for not having informed you of the meeting.2. 動名詞的句法功能成分用法例句主語1) 動名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)Reading aloud is very helpful.2) 有時可用it作形式主語，動名詞后移Its useless arguing with him.表語多數(shù)情況下，動名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)化成作主語His job is teaching English.=Teaching English is his job.賓語1)作介詞或由介詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語的賓語，如be interested in; be used to; feel like; think of等We are thinking of making a new plan.2)作某些動詞的賓語，如enjoy, practice, finish, mind, miss, suggest, imagine, consider等They havent finished building the dam.定語表示它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等，置于修飾語之前swimming pool 游泳池; reading room閱覽室; walking stick手杖, , working people勞動人民等【注】有些動詞后面接動名詞和接不定式作賓語是有差別的：forget to do sth.忘記要做某事，forget doing sth.忘記做過某事;mean to do sth.打算做某事，mean doing sth.意味著做某事;regret to do sth.遺憾要做某事，regret doing sth.后悔做過某事;stop to do sth.停下來做另外一件事，stop doing sth.停止做某事;try to do sth.盡力做某事，try doing sth.試著做某事;need to do 需要做某事(主語為人)，need doing=need to be done需要被做(主語為物)。例題1：I hope everyone can care about _ the environment and stop _ things. A. protecting; wastingB. protecting; to wasteC. protect; wastingD. protect; to waste例題2：Why not _ your teacher for help when you cant finish _ the story by yourself. A. to ask; writeB. to ask; writingC. ask; writingD. asking; to write例題3：Dont throw away the waste paper. It needs_ so that it can be reused. A. to destroyB. destroyingC. to collectD. collecting例題4： _ honest is the first thing people should learn. A. BeingB. LookC. BeD. Become例題5： Dad, why must I stop _ computer games? For your health, my boy.A. playB. to playC. to playingD. playing例題6： I didnt hear you come in just now. Thats good. We tried _ any noise, for you were sleeping. A. not makeB. not to makeC. to makeD. making例題7：Our English teacher often says to us, “ _ English well is very important”. A. LearnB. LearningC. LearnedD. To learning參考答案：ACDAD BB 3. 動名詞的常見搭配1) there be+名詞+doing某處有某人或某物在做某事There were some people rowing on the river.2) prefer doing to doing喜歡勝過I prefer staying at home to going out.3) No doing禁止/不準(zhǔn)做某事No parking. 禁止停車。4) would/ Do you mind doing你介意做某事嗎Would you mind opening the window?5) How/What about doing做某事怎么樣What about having a picnic this Sunday?6) sb. spend some time/ money (in) doing sth.某人花費一些時間/金錢做某事The boy spent twenty yuan buying a T-shirt.7) 常見能接動名詞的短語be used to; look forward to; cant help; stopfro; be busy等He was busy working when I came in.例題1：He used to _ in a small village, but now he has been used to_ in a big city. A. live; livingB. live; liveC. living; living例題2：Would you mind _ the door? Its quite windy outside. A. closeB. closingC. to close例題3： I feel stressed from time to time. Could you give me some advice? _ sharing your worries with your parents? A. Why dont youB. How aboutC. Why not D. Would you like例題4： Would you like_ camping with me? Id like to. But Im busy _ my homework. A. to go; to doB. to go; doingC. going; to doD. going; doing例題5： Im looking forward to _ my parents soon. What about you? Me too.A. seeingB. seeC. saw例題6：The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand_ to the rich land in the south of China. A. moveB. to moveC. from moving參考答案：ABBBA C【考點3】分詞1. 概念分詞常常扮演形容詞的角色，也有動詞的性質(zhì)。分詞可以分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成，過去分詞通常由“動詞原形+ed”構(gòu)成 (也有不規(guī)則變化)。現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞對比時間上語態(tài)上現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進(jìn)行 a developing country (發(fā)展中國家)表示主動 the ruling class (統(tǒng)治階級)過去分詞表示動作已完成 a developed country(發(fā)達(dá)國家)表示被動 the ruled class (被統(tǒng)治階級)2. 現(xiàn)在分詞用法用法例句1) 幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和過去進(jìn)行時He is reading an interesting book now.2) 作定語：分詞單獨作定語時，放在所修飾的名詞前;分詞短語作定語時，則放在所修飾的名詞后China is a developing country.The woman standing behind the counter is my mother.3) 作表語：表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征或者狀態(tài)【注】動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征;動名詞作表語主要是對主語內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步說明和解釋The play was interesting.My job is teaching. (句中的teaching為動名詞，是對主語內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步說明) 我的工作是教書。My job is interesting. (句中的interesting為形容詞化的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示主語的特征) 我的工作很有趣。4) 作賓補：常作感官動詞或使役動詞的賓語補足語，表動作正在進(jìn)行或動作的持續(xù)【注】現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補和動詞不定式作賓補的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補表示動作正在進(jìn)行;不定式作賓補表示已經(jīng)完成了的或經(jīng)常性的動作Can you hear her singing a song in the next room?I saw him going up the stairs.我看見他正在上樓。(“上樓”這個動作正在進(jìn)行)I saw him go up the stairs.我看見他上樓了。(“上樓”這個動作已經(jīng)完成)5) 作狀語：分詞的邏輯主語(即分詞動作的發(fā)出者)一般要與句中主語保持一致。He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.例題1：Seeing their teacher _ into the classroom, they stopped _ at once.A. walk; tellingB. entering; to speakC. enter; to tellD. walking; talking例題2： “Whos the boy in white T-shirt _under the tree?” “My friend.”A. standB. to stand C. stoodD. standing例題3：When I walked past the park, I saw some old people _ Chinese Taiji. A. doB. didC. doingD. are doing例題4：I found a letter _ on the floor when I came into the classroom. A. lyingB. layC. lieD. lies例題5：He lost his key. It made him _in the cold to wait for his wifes return.A. to stayB. stayedC. staysD. stay參考答案：DDCAD3. 過去分詞的用法1) 幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時I have already finished my homework.2) 幫助構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)Now we are not allowed to touch it.3) 作定語：(相當(dāng)于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句)過去分詞是單個單詞時，一般用于名詞前;過去分詞短語，就放在名詞的后面Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.= Those who are elected as committee members will attend the meeting.4) 作表語：常具有形容詞的特征，表示主語的特征、狀態(tài)或感情等I was surprised at hearing him say so.5) 作賓補：常作感官動詞或使役動詞的賓語補足語，表示被動、完成I heard the song sung several times last week.I have had my hair cut for two days.6) 作狀語：分詞的邏輯主語(即分詞動作的發(fā)出者)一般要與句中主語保持一致Seen from the tower, the city looks very beautiful.Given more time, Ill be able to do it better.【注】有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動，只表示完成，如： boiled water(開水), fallen leaves(落葉), newly arrived goods(新到的貨), the risen sun(升起的太陽)例題1：He often drinks two cups of _water when he comes back.A. boilingB. boilC. boiledD. boils例題2：He wants to have his TV _. A. repairingB. repairedC. to repair參考答案：CB基礎(chǔ)演練單項選擇1. Its bad for your eyes computer games too much.A. plays B. to play C. play D. to playing2. What did Mr. Zhang say just now? He told us any further. There is danger ahead.A. dont go B. not go C. to go D. not to go3. My pen pal- Andrew found it difficult Chinese well.A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. learned4. How do you know that Jenny likes singing? I often hear her after class. A. to sing B. sang C. sing D. sings5. Lisa was driving along a new street and she didnt know her car.A. where park B. where to park C. when parked D. how parking6. Whats your plan for the summer holidays? Ive no idea, but Ive decided at home and have a good rest first.A. to stay B. stay C. stayed D. staying7. Kate, when shall we take a walk? After I finish the dishes.A. wash B. washing C. to wash D. washed8. Mary is looking forward to herself after the exam.A. enjoying B. enjoy C. enjoyed D. be enjoying9. Tom, have you seen your brother? Oh, I saw him basketball on the playground just now.A. to play B. plays C. playing D. played10. If you feel tired, you may stop to have a rest.A. to work B. worked C. work D. working11. Thank you for us so much, Mr. Liang.A. helping B. help C. helped D. to help 12. Mary dances best in our school. I agree. Ill never forget her dance for the first time.A. to see B. seeing C. see D. saw 13. When are you going to have your hair ? Tomorrow afternoon.A. cut B. cutting C. to cut D. cuts14. My best friend Charles comes from a village Ma Ji.A. calls B. to call C. called D. calling15. The book by Mo Yan is worth reading a second time.A. wrote B. written C. to write D. writing16. I used to _ the bus, but now I am used to walking. A. takeB. takingC. took17. I don t know _ next. Youd better finish your homework first.A. what to doB. how to doC. when to do18. Its dangerous _a close look at the tiger in the zoo. A. for us takingB. of us to takeC. of us takingD. for us to take19. When I was walking past his room yesterday evening, I heard him _ piano. A. playingB. to play theC. playing the20. Mom, I am afraid that I cant get through the hard time were having now. My boy, be brave and tell yourself _. A. dont give upB. not to give upC. not give upD. to give up鞏固提升單項選擇1. Mr. Smith told his son _ the football match because of the exam. A. not to watch B. to not watch C. not watching D. doesnt watch2. Sarah, youd better drink more water after _ for such a long time.A. run B. runs C. to run D. running 3. My parents didnt allow me _ to the party. A. go B. to go C. goes D. went 4. Why not _ your friends for help when you are in trouble. A. ask B. to ask C. asks D. asking 5. So beautiful flowers! I cant decide _ for my mom.For Mothers Day, it cant be better to take some carnations(康乃馨).A. when to choose B. which to choose C. how to choose6. When you leave, please turn off the lights _ energy. A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved7. I was tired out, so I stopped the car _ a short rest.A. have B. having C. to have D. had8. For our coming vacation, why _ going abroad and seeing the outside world? A. not consider B. to consider C. dont think D. not think9. Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child?Yes. But now I realize I was wrong. I really regret _ that silly thing to my mum.A. do B. to do C. doing D. did10. (xx益陽) We are too tired. Lets stop _ a rest. A. to have B. have C. having11. I really dont know _ this question. It is too hard.A. which to answer B. how to answer C. what to answer12. I will try my best to stop my son from _ the same mistake. A. make B. made C. makes D. making13. The joke was so funny that it made him _