上海市高中歷史 第三單元 工業(yè)社會的來臨 第10課 資本主義經(jīng)濟制度的確立課件 華東師大版第四冊

工業(yè)革命的發(fā)生發(fā)展工業(yè)革命的發(fā)生發(fā)展現(xiàn)代工廠制度現(xiàn)代工廠制度生產(chǎn)組織形式生產(chǎn)組織形式金融制度金融制度自由貿(mào)易政策自由貿(mào)易政策 使英國成為世界貿(mào)易金融中心使英國成為世界貿(mào)易金融中心1919世紀(jì)世紀(jì)7070年代后，銀行業(yè)與工業(yè)年代后，銀行業(yè)與工業(yè)相互融合滲透的趨勢相互融合滲透的趨勢股份制股份制企業(yè)組織形式企業(yè)組織形式資本主義經(jīng)濟制度的確立資本主義經(jīng)濟制度的確立表現(xiàn)：表現(xiàn)：背景：背景：作用：作用：促進了英國經(jīng)濟的高速發(fā)展促進了英國經(jīng)濟的高速發(fā)展提升了英國的國際競爭力提升了英國的國際競爭力發(fā)展趨勢：發(fā)展趨勢：“工廠制與手工工場相比具有哪些優(yōu)勢？工廠制與手工工場相比具有哪些優(yōu)勢？” “為什么工廠能夠取代手工工場？為什么工廠能夠取代手工工場？”想一想想一想Sir Richard Arkwright (1732-1792) Arkwright is considered the father of the modern industrial factory system; his inventions were a catalyst for the Industrial Revolution. Textile Mill in Lancashire, EnglandThe textile industry was one of the first industries to be mechanized in 18th-century Britain. These women worked in a textile mill in Lancashire, in northwestern England.A confectionery factory Cotton machinery displayed at the Great Exhibition in 1851 Division of Labor in IndustryDivision of labor is a basic tenet of industrialization. In division of labor, each worker is assigned to a different task, or step, in the manufacturing process, and as a result, total production increases. As this illustration shows, one person performing all five steps in the manufacture of a product can make one unit in a day. Five workers, each specializing in one of the five steps, can make 10 units in the same amount of time.Stephenson was a British pioneering railway engineer and inventor of the Rocket, the most famous early railway locomotive George Stephenson (1781-1848)Stephensons locomotive, the Rocket Liverpool - Manchester railway, 1831 “在英國工業(yè)革命開始之初，工業(yè)發(fā)展獲取在英國工業(yè)革命開始之初，工業(yè)發(fā)展獲取資金的途徑有哪些？資金的途徑有哪些？” “19“19世紀(jì)以后，企業(yè)公司發(fā)展獲取資本的世紀(jì)以后，企業(yè)公司發(fā)展獲取資本的途徑有什么變化？為什么？途徑有什么變化？為什么？”股份制的功能股份制的功能作用作用極大的資本積聚功能極大的資本積聚功能為進行諸如修建鐵路為進行諸如修建鐵路等耗資巨大的工程集等耗資巨大的工程集資資股份公司資產(chǎn)所有股份公司資產(chǎn)所有權(quán)與經(jīng)營權(quán)分離權(quán)與經(jīng)營權(quán)分離有利于按市場規(guī)律實有利于按市場規(guī)律實行生產(chǎn)資源和資金的行生產(chǎn)資源和資金的優(yōu)化組合優(yōu)化組合 The London Stock Exchange is one of the worlds oldest stock exchanges and can trace its history back more than 300 years. Starting life in the coffee houses of 17th century London, the Exchange quickly grew to become the Citys most important financial institution. Over the centuries following, the Exchange has consistently led the way in developing a strong, well-regulated stock market and today lies at the heart of the global financial community. “有學(xué)者認(rèn)為，股份制同蒸汽機一樣是推動工業(yè)革有學(xué)者認(rèn)為，股份制同蒸汽機一樣是推動工業(yè)革命的兩大革命因素，在某種意義上說，前者比后者命的兩大革命因素，在某種意義上說，前者比后者的生命力更強。對此你有什么看法？的生命力更強。對此你有什么看法？” ” “探索與爭鳴探索與爭鳴” Italian Banking in the 14th CenturyBanks first emerged in the Middle Ages when people grew tired of carrying around all their gold and began leaving their money with the goldsmith. The Medici family, one of the most prominent banking families in Europe during this time, became quite wealthy from its banking and moneylending practices. This 14th-century painting depicts people depositing and withdrawing money in an Italian bank.BANK OF ENGLANDThe Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom. Sometimes known as the Old Lady of Threadneedle Street, the Bank was founded in 1694, nationalised on 1 March 1946, and gained independence in 1997. Standing at the centre of the UKs financial system, the Bank is committed to promoting and maintaining monetary and financial stability as its contribution to a healthy economy. The Banks roles and functions have evolved and changed over its three-hundred year history. Since its foundation, it has been the Governments banker and, since the late 18th century, it has been banker to the banking system more generally - the bankers bank. As well as providing banking services to its customers, the Bank of England manages the UKs foreign exchange and gold reserves. BANK OF ENGLAND“為什么在工業(yè)革命前，英國奉行重商為什么在工業(yè)革命前，英國奉行重商主義政策；而隨著工業(yè)革命的進行，轉(zhuǎn)主義政策；而隨著工業(yè)革命的進行，轉(zhuǎn)而推行自由貿(mào)易政策？而推行自由貿(mào)易政策？” 溫故知新溫故知新亞當(dāng)亞當(dāng).斯密（斯密（Adam Smith，17231790），是英國古），是英國古典政治經(jīng)濟學(xué)的主要代典政治經(jīng)濟學(xué)的主要代表人物之一。他的代表表人物之一。他的代表作作國富論國富論（全稱（全稱國民財富的性質(zhì)和原國民財富的性質(zhì)和原因的研究因的研究）被翻譯成）被翻譯成十幾種文字，全球發(fā)行。十幾種文字，全球發(fā)行。而他本人也因此被奉為而他本人也因此被奉為現(xiàn)代西方經(jīng)濟學(xué)的鼻祖。現(xiàn)代西方經(jīng)濟學(xué)的鼻祖。 大衛(wèi)大衛(wèi)李嘉圖（李嘉圖（David Ricardo, 1772.04.181823.09.11）英國著名經(jīng)濟學(xué)家，英國著名經(jīng)濟學(xué)家， 其代表作為其代表作為政治經(jīng)濟學(xué)及賦稅原理政治經(jīng)濟學(xué)及賦稅原理倫敦倫敦世界金融貿(mào)易中心世界金融貿(mào)易中心 倫敦是英國首都，位于英國東南部，跨泰晤士河。幾個世倫敦是英國首都，位于英國東南部，跨泰晤士河。幾個世紀(jì)來，倫敦一直是世界上最重要的金融、貿(mào)易中心之一。紀(jì)來，倫敦一直是世界上最重要的金融、貿(mào)易中心之一。1919世紀(jì)以來倫敦成為統(tǒng)一的世界商品市場和世界金融市場的中世紀(jì)以來倫敦成為統(tǒng)一的世界商品市場和世界金融市場的中心，一系列重要的交易絕大部分集在倫敦進行。心，一系列重要的交易絕大部分集在倫敦進行。倫敦的波羅倫敦的波羅的海商業(yè)及海運交易所是世界租船業(yè)的中心；的海商業(yè)及海運交易所是世界租船業(yè)的中心；世界大部分有世界大部分有價證券的買賣、大部分短期票據(jù)貼現(xiàn)和其它金融業(yè)務(wù)也集中價證券的買賣、大部分短期票據(jù)貼現(xiàn)和其它金融業(yè)務(wù)也集中在倫敦進行；在倫敦進行；倫敦的勞埃德保險社是世界保險業(yè)務(wù)的中心倫敦的勞埃德保險社是世界保險業(yè)務(wù)的中心。 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在, ,全市現(xiàn)有銀行全市現(xiàn)有銀行500500多家，銀行數(shù)居世界大城市之首多家，銀行數(shù)居世界大城市之首，其中外國銀行其中外國銀行470470家，在倫敦?fù)碛械馁Y本總額達家，在倫敦?fù)碛械馁Y本總額達10001000多億英鎊。多億英鎊。倫敦每年外匯成交總額約倫敦每年外匯成交總額約3 3萬億英鎊，是世界最大的國際外匯萬億英鎊，是世界最大的國際外匯市場。倫敦是世界上最大的國際保險中心市場。倫敦是世界上最大的國際保險中心，共有保險公司，共有保險公司800800多家，其中外國公司多家，其中外國公司170170多家，多家，在國際性保險收入總數(shù)中占在國際性保險收入總數(shù)中占1/51/5，居世界首位。，居世界首位。此外此外股票交易所和各種專業(yè)交易所股票交易所和各種專業(yè)交易所( (白白銀、有色金屬、羊毛、橡膠、茶葉、咖啡、可可等銀、有色金屬、羊毛、橡膠、茶葉、咖啡、可可等) )對世界經(jīng)對世界經(jīng)濟均有很大影響。濟均有很大影響。零售商業(yè)和旅游業(yè)也非常發(fā)達，每年接待零售商業(yè)和旅游業(yè)也非常發(fā)達，每年接待外國游客達外國游客達10001000萬人次，旅游外匯收入占全國萬人次，旅游外匯收入占全國6060。London from the AirLondon from the AirThames River, LondonThames River, LondonLloyds BuildingLloyds Building Lloyds of London, one of the largest insurance companies in the world, is headquartered in a unique, high-tech building located in the City. The structure was designed by British architect Richard Rogers and completed in 1986.知識拓展知識拓展倫敦的勞埃德保險社是世界倫敦的勞埃德保險社是世界最大的保險公司之一最大的保險公司之一