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1、1(2)2冠詞與名詞冠詞與名詞1.冠詞冠詞:名詞前用不定冠詞、定冠詞與不用冠詞的具體含義;冠詞在常用短語中的用法;在感嘆句型或比較句型中考查冠詞;在特定語境中活用冠詞。32.名詞名詞:名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù);抽象名詞具體化;名詞作定語;固定搭配;在具體語境中辨析詞義。4-冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞和定冠詞。不定冠詞的主要用法:用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示泛指,說明其名稱和種類。輔音音素前用a;元音音素前用an,而不是元音字母開頭。5a universityan umbrellaa horsean hour(1)表示一個(gè)(人或物)。Give me a pen.給我一支鋼筆。6(2)表示每一。There are
2、 twelve months in a year.一年有12個(gè)月。(3)表示某個(gè)。A girl is waiting for you.有個(gè)女孩在等你。7(4)表示某類之一。Mark Twain was an American writer.馬克吐溫是美國作家。(5)用在序數(shù)詞前,表示“又一”、“再一”。Well have to do it a second time.我們得重做一次。8(6)用在人名前,表示一個(gè)叫某某名字的人,或表示一個(gè)類似的人,還可表示某人的作品。A Mr. Smith is waiting for you.一位史密斯先生在等你。Did you ever read a Lu
3、Xun?你讀過魯迅的作品嗎?9(7)用在一些習(xí)慣用語中。make a living(謀生)do sb. a favour(幫某人個(gè)忙) in a hurry(匆忙地)all of a sudden(突然)put an end to(結(jié)束)as a rule (通常)in a way(在某種程度上)in a word(總之)at a loss(不知所措)10 注意:注意:用于抽象名詞前,表示“一種”、“一份”、“一場”、“一陣”等意思,在名詞前多數(shù)情況下有一個(gè)形容詞或名詞作修飾語。11We live a happy life.我們過著幸福的生活。(a有“一種”的意思)There was a he
4、avy rain last night.昨晚下了一場大雨。After a quick breakfast, she hurried to school.快速吃完早餐后,她急忙趕去學(xué)校了。12(8)不定冠詞在句中的位置a/an+adj.+n.such a/an+adj.+n.so/as/too/how+adj./adv.+a/an+n.用在quite, rather, many, half, what等詞之后。13定冠詞的主要用法:(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。The book on the desk is mine.桌子上的那本書是我的。14(2)指上文提到過的人或事物。My fathe
5、r bought me a watch. The watch is beautiful.父親給我買了一只表。那只表很漂亮。15(3)在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。The earth is bigger than the moon.地球比月球大。(4)在西洋樂器前。play the piano/violin/guitar彈鋼琴/小提琴/吉他注意:注意: 在傳統(tǒng)的中國樂器名詞前不加the: play erhu/pipa16(5)在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前。He caught the first bus. She is the tallest of her class.他趕上了第一班車。她是班里個(gè)子最高的
6、。17注意:注意:形容詞最高級如果用作表語且不與他人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),通常用零冠詞。They are busiest on Friday.18(6)在單數(shù)名詞和名詞化的形容詞前, 表示類別。The pig is a useful animal. The rich are not all happy.豬是有用的動(dòng)物。富人并不都快樂。19(7)在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前表示夫婦二人或全家人。 The Turners are watching TV.特納一家正在看電視。20(8)在逢十的數(shù)詞之前,指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代。in the 1990s 20世紀(jì)90年代(9)在發(fā)明物前。The compass was inv
7、ented in China.指南針是中國發(fā)明的。21(10) 用于某些表示具體的計(jì)量單位名詞前。 若表示抽象概念,則用零冠詞。Apples are sold by the pound.Apples are sold by weight.22(11)表示身體部位的名詞前。He caught me by the arm.I took the little boy by the hand and patted him on the head.(12)表示方向或方位的名詞前。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.23(13)在一些習(xí)慣用語中。i
8、n the day, in the morning / afternoon / evening, on the right, at the beginning, all the time在白天,在早上/下午/晚上,在右邊,剛開始,一直by the way; on the air; to the point順便,廣播,切題,中肯24不用冠詞的一些情況(1)在某些抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和專有名詞前。China, bread, love, struggle25(2) 在稱呼語、獨(dú)一無二的頭銜、職務(wù)名詞 并在句中作表語、主語補(bǔ)足語、賓語補(bǔ) 足語、同位語時(shí),名詞前用零冠詞。What shall I do n
9、ext, Mother?In 1860, Lincoln was elected President of the United States.26(3)在法定節(jié)假日、星期、月份、季節(jié)前。New Years DayMay DaySundaySeptember27注意:注意:在傳統(tǒng)的中國節(jié)日前用定冠詞the。the Spring Festivalthe Lantern Festival特指某一季節(jié)時(shí)加the。Ill never forget the summer of 2008.28(4)在學(xué)科名詞前。Do you like physics?(5)在疾病名詞前。He died from canc
10、er.29(6)在泛指的交通、通訊方式名詞前。by bus / bike / plane(air) / boat(ship) / train / mail / letter / telephone(7)兩個(gè)名詞中間有and或介詞隔開時(shí)。husband and wife,day and night,shoulder to shoulder, from side to side, from morning till night30(8) 一日三餐名稱前用零冠詞。但具體指某 人所做時(shí)用the。When will lunch be ready?The lunch we are having was p
11、repared by my father.(9) 在專有名詞開頭的詞組前。Beijing Airport, Shanghai Railway Station31(10)球類運(yùn)動(dòng)、棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)名稱前用零冠詞。play football/chess/bridge(11)語言名稱前用零冠詞,但特指某民族的 語言時(shí)用定冠詞the。English is an international language.The English language is an international language.32(12)在一些習(xí)慣用語中。at home, in fact, in prison, go to sch
12、ool, in trouble, out of sight, take office, catch fire, learn by heart, in use33一些短語不用定冠詞和用定冠詞時(shí)的區(qū)別:at / in schoolat / in the schoolat tableat the table在求學(xué)在學(xué)校在吃飯(坐)在桌旁34發(fā)生代替在前面在前部在白天按日計(jì)算take placetake the place ofin front ofin the front ofby dayby the day35兩個(gè)以上的名詞并列時(shí),定冠詞是否重復(fù)意思不同。I visited the poet and writer. 我拜訪了這位詩人作家。(指同一個(gè)人)I visited the poet and the writer.我拜訪了詩人和作家。(指不同的兩個(gè)人)