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八年級(下)　Units 7—8 中考基礎(chǔ)知識梳理 類別 課標(biāo)考點(diǎn)要求 詞 匯 攻 關(guān) 1.tour(n.& v．)→__tourist__(n.)旅行者；觀光者 2.deep(adj.)→__deeply__(adv.)深深地 3.achieve(v.)→__achievement__(n.)成就；成績 4.keep(v.)→__keeper__(n.)飼養(yǎng)員；保管人 5.protect(v.)→__protection__(n.)保護(hù)；保衛(wèi) 6.wide(adj.)→__widely__(adv.)廣泛地★ 7.include(v.)→__including__(prep.)包括(某人/某物)在內(nèi) 8.succeed(v.)→__success__(n.)成功★ →__successful__(adj.)成功的★ →__successfully__(adv.)成功地★ 9.laugh(v.)→__laughter__(n.)笑；笑聲 10.France(n.)→__French__(n.)法語★ 11.amazing(adj.)→__amazed__(adj.)驚奇的 12.weigh(v.)→__weight__(n.)重量★ 13.introduce(v.)→__introduction__(n.)介紹 14.Asia(n.)→__Asian__(adj.)亞洲的；亞洲人的 15.south(n.)→__southern__(adj.)南方的★ 16.ill(adj.)→__illness__(n.)疾病；病 17.nature(n.)→__natural__(adj.)天然的★ 短 語 歸 納 1.(可以)隨便(做某事) __feel________free__ 2.出生時(shí) __at__birth__ 3.就我所知 __as______far______as______I______know__ 4.面對(問題、困難等) __in______the______face______of__ 5.即使；雖然 __even______though/if__ 6.吸入；吞入(體內(nèi)) __take______in__ 7.走路時(shí)撞著 __walk__into__ 8.趕快；急忙(做某事) __hurry__up__ 9.絆倒 __fall______over__ 10.大約 __or________so__ 11.到達(dá)(某數(shù)量、程度等)；至多有；不多于 __up________to__ 12.相互 __one__another__ 13.砍倒 __cut__down__ 14.科幻小說(或影片等) __science__fiction__ 15.死于 __die______from__ 16.滿是……的；(有)大量的；(有)豐富的 __full__of__ 17.鄉(xiāng)村音樂 __country__music__ 18.實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的夢想 __achieve__our__dreams__ 19.放棄做某事；半途而廢 __give______up__doing__sth.__ 20.做研究 __do__research__ 21.屬于 __belong__to__ 22.在國外學(xué)習(xí) __study__abroad__ 23.自從 __ever__since__ 24.處于危險(xiǎn)中 __be__in__danger__ 句 型 再 現(xiàn) ( 含 情 景 交 際 ) 1.尼羅河長6 671千米。 The Nile is __6，671__kilometers__long__. 2.你知道中國是世界上最古老的國家之一嗎？ Did you know that China is __one__of__the__oldest__countries__ in the world？ 3.它比其他任何一座山都高。 Its higher than __any__other__mountain. 4.(談?wù)撟匀缓偷乩?“世界上最深的咸水湖是哪一個(gè)？”“里海是所有咸水湖中最深的?！? —Which is the deepest salt lake in the world？ —The Caspian Sea is the deepest __of__all__the__salt__lakes__. 5.中國幾乎和美國一樣大，是亞洲最大的國家。 China is almost __as__big__as__the US，and it is __the__biggest__country__in Asia. 6.這頭大象比這只熊貓重很多倍。 This elephant weighs __many__times__more__than__this panda. 7.科學(xué)家們說如今生活在森林里的大熊貓不足2 000只。 Scientists say there are now fewer than 2，000 pandas __living__in__the__forests__. 8.(談?wù)撟罱氖虑楹徒?jīng)歷)“你讀過《小婦人》嗎？”“是的，我讀過。/不，我沒有讀過?！? —Have you read Little Women yet？ —Yes，__I__have__./No，__I__havent__. 9.讀書報(bào)告兩周后必須交。 The book report __is__due__in two weeks. 10.聽湯姆樂隊(duì)的音樂是一種讓人清醒的好方法。 Listening to The Toms is __a__good__way__to__wake__up__. 語法 1.形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級(詳見第二編P114) 2.英語中四位及四位以上數(shù)字的表達(dá) 3.含有already和yet的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(詳見第一編P62) 話題 Unit 7 Facts about the world(有關(guān)世界的事實(shí)) Unit 8 Literature and music(文學(xué)和音樂) 貴陽中考重難點(diǎn)突破 　population的用法 (教材八下P50) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 population意為“人口；人口數(shù)量”，是不可數(shù)名詞。 (1)對人口的數(shù)量進(jìn)行提問時(shí)，常用what，而不用how much。提問人口有多少時(shí)，用“What is the population of…？”如： What is the population of China？中國有多少人口？ (2)population作主語時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)其中的“成員或人”時(shí)謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；強(qiáng)調(diào)人口的整體時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如： The population of China is the largest in the world now.現(xiàn)在中國是世界上人口最多的國家。 (3)population和分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)一起構(gòu)成短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： 80% of the population in China are farmers.中國百分之八十的人口是農(nóng)民。 (4)有形容詞修飾時(shí)，其前可用a；表示人口的“多或少” 用large或small。如： India has a large population.印度人口眾多。 ( A )1.(貴陽人文信息題)—______is the population of Guiyang? —About 4.86 million. A．What 　　　　B．How much C．How many ( B )2.Three fifths of the population in our town ______ workers. A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．be 3．India has __the__second__largest__population__(第二大人口) in the world. 　辨析succeed，success 與successful (教材八下P62) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 單詞 詞性及詞義 用法 succeed v.實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)；成功 succeed in doing sth.成功做某事 success n.成功 一般作不可數(shù)名詞；作“成功的人或事”講時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞 successful adj.成功的 常用作表語，副詞為successfully 　　Jim succeeded in getting through the forest.吉姆成功地穿過了那片森林。 Failure is the mother of success.失敗是成功之母。 She is a successful businesswoman.她是一位成功的女商人。 1．(初高銜接題)The film Dying to Survive(《我不是藥神》) was a big succeed．(句子改錯(cuò))__success__ 2．Our country is __successful__(success) in launching another munication satellite. 3．He succeeded in __winning__(win) the prize in the speaking petition. 　辨析even though與as if (教材八下P51) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 詞組 含義 用法 even though＝even if 即使；雖然 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，even if引導(dǎo)的從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性；even though則多以從句的內(nèi)容為前提。如： Even though he was 14 years old，he afforded the whole family.即使他才14歲，他負(fù)擔(dān)起了整個(gè)家庭。(他的確是14歲) Even if it rains tomorrow，well go on a picnic.即使明天下雨，我們也要去野餐。(明天可能下雨) as if＝as though 似乎；好像 ①用在look，seem等系動詞后引導(dǎo)表語從句 ②引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，多用虛擬語氣表示非真實(shí)的情況 ( A )1.He talked about Rome ______ he had been there himself. A．a(chǎn)s if 　　　　B．a(chǎn)s soon as C．even if ( B )2.______ hes 20 years old now，hes still like a child. A．But 　　　　B．Even though C．Because 　辨析full 與fill (教材八下P58) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 (1)full作形容詞，意為“滿的”，反義詞為empty，意為“空的”； (2)fill作動詞，意為“充滿”，反義詞為empty，意為“倒空”； (3)be full of “裝滿；充滿”(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))； (4)be filled with “裝滿；充滿”(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作)。 ( A )1.The cup is empty.Please ______ it with water. A．fill B．full C．feel ( C )2.I choose this school because it is ______ hope and dreams. A．fill with B．full with C．full of 　hurry的用法 (教材八下P58) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 (1)作名詞，意為“匆忙；急忙”，常用短語： ①in a hurry趕快；急忙 ②be in a hurry to do sth.＝do sth.in a hurry匆忙做某事 (2)作動詞，意為“匆忙；趕快”，常用短語： ①hurry to sp.匆忙趕去某地 ②hurry to do sth.匆忙去做某事 ③hurry up趕快；急忙 ( A )______，or we cant get to the railway station on time. A．Hurry up 　　　B．Pick up C．Put up 　If were only talking about the parts from the Ming Dynasty，its about 8，850 kilometers long.如果我們只談?wù)撁鞒糠值脑挘蠹s有8 850千米長。 (教材八下P50) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 長/寬/高/深……的兩種表達(dá)方式： (1)若計(jì)量表達(dá)用作表語，則用“數(shù)字＋量詞(復(fù)數(shù))＋形容詞(long/wide/high/deep等)”結(jié)構(gòu)。對計(jì)量進(jìn)行提問要用句型：How＋形容詞＋be＋主語…？如： The road is about five kilometers long，four meters wide.這條路大約五千米長，四米寬。 (2)若計(jì)量表達(dá)用作前置定語，則用復(fù)合形容詞，即“數(shù)字量詞(單數(shù))形容詞(long/wide/high/deep等)”來表達(dá)。如： This is a 20meterhigh sculpture.這是一座20米高的雕像。 ( C )(xx湘西中考)Li Wen is a normal ______ boy from the countryside.He works hard and does well in school. A．15 years old 　　　B．15yearsold C．15yearold 　Have you decided which book to write about yet？你已經(jīng)決定要寫哪本書了嗎？(教材八下P60) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 “have/has＋過去分詞”，表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。already常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句連用，而yet常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的疑問句和否定句連用。如： I have already studied English for ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)英語十年了。 ( C )1.(寧夏中考改編)—Look！Someone ______ the classroom. —Well，it wasnt me.I didnt do it. A．is cleaning 　　　B．was cleaning C．has cleaned 2．(新信息題)你已經(jīng)看過電視劇《如懿傳》了嗎？ __Have__you__watched__ the TV series Ruyis Royal Love in the Palace yet? 　Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.珠穆朗瑪峰比世界上任何一座山峰都要高。(教材八下P49) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 比較級句型： (1)A＋謂語動詞＋比較級＋than any other＋單數(shù)名詞＋比較范圍 “A 比其他任何一個(gè)都要更……” (2)A＋謂語動詞＋比較級＋than the other＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋比較范圍“A比其他所有的都要更……” 以上兩個(gè)句型是使用比較級表達(dá)最高級的用法，可以與最高級互換。如： Tom is taller than any other student in my class.＝Tom is taller than the other students in my class.＝Tom is the tallest student in my class.湯姆比班上其他同學(xué)都高。 【溫馨提示】 在比較級結(jié)構(gòu)中any other 和any 所表達(dá)的比較范圍不同。被比較對象A屬于比較范圍時(shí)，使用句型(1)和(2)來表達(dá)； 如果A 不屬于比較范圍，則需要使用any。如： China is larger than any country in Africa.中國比非洲的任何一個(gè)國家都大(中國不屬于非洲，所以不能加other ) ( A )1.The Yangtze River is longer than ______ river in China. A．a(chǎn)ny other B．the other C．other ( C )2.—Everyone knows China is the biggest country in Asia. —That is，its bigger than ______ countries in Asia. A．a(chǎn)ny B．a(chǎn)ny other C．the other 　This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.這頭大象比這只熊貓重很多倍。(教材八下P53) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 many times more than 意為“比……多很多倍”，是倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式之一。其他倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式： (1)A＋謂語動詞＋倍數(shù)＋形容詞/副詞的比較級＋than＋B.“A是B……的多少倍”。如： This rope is twice longer than that one.這根繩子是那根繩子的兩倍。 (2)A＋謂語動詞＋倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞/副詞的原級＋as＋B.“A是B 的多少倍……”。如： His father is twice as tall as him.他父親的身高是他的兩倍。 (3)A＋謂語動詞＋倍數(shù)＋the height/weight/length…＋of＋B.“A 的高度/重量/長度……是B 的多少倍”。如： His father is twice the height of him.他父親的身高是他的兩倍。 ( B )Our new school is ______ the old one. A．a(chǎn)s three times big as B．three times as big as C．bigger three times than 隨堂知識鞏固 一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 ( C )1.(xx德陽中考改編)China has______ population in the world. A．big 　　　B．the bigger C．the biggest ( C )2.(xx天津中考改編)Her smile made me feel warm and lively.It was like a hidden______. A．petition 　　　B．interview C．treasure ( C )3.(xx云南中考改編)—What do you think of your junior high school life? —I think it is one of ______ periods in my life. A．wonderful 　　　B．more wonderful C．the most wonderful ( A )4.(xx連云港中考改編)—Have you heard about Zhangjiajie Glass Footbridge？【考點(diǎn)?】 —Of course，its built over a ______ canyon in the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park. A．300meterdeep 　　　B．300metersdeep C．300 meter deep ( B )5.The scenery in Hangzhou is beautiful，so every year ______ tourists e here. A．two million of 　　　B．millions of C．million of ( B )6.(2019預(yù)測)—Have you finished your homework ______？【考點(diǎn)?】 —Not ______.I need more time. A．a(chǎn)lready；already 　　　B．yet；yet C．a(chǎn)lready；yet ( C )7.(xx福建中考B卷)Blue whales are ______.We should try to protect them. A．in time 　　　B．in public C．in danger ( C )8.My friend Jack succeeded ______ to the top of the mountain.【考點(diǎn)?】 A．to climbing 　　　B．climb C．in climbing ( B )9.(貴陽背景特色題)—The town of Longchang______ a lot in the past five years. —Thats true.Its being more and more beautiful. A．changed 　　　B．has changed C．is changing ( B )10.(貴州背景特色題)The tour ______ a visit to Red Maple Lake(紅楓湖)． A．include 　　　B．includes C．including 二、根據(jù)語境或句意，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z完成下列各句。(對應(yīng)P60“短語歸納”) at birth　fall over　full of　take in　one another 1．Dont run so fast，or you will __fall__over__ and hurt your legs. 2．A baby panda is about 15 cm long __at__birth__． 3．Mary is so young that she cant carry the box which is__full__of____books. 4．The village is a good place for people to __take__in__ fresh air. 5．The children are chasing(追逐) __one__another__　on the playground.