高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法11 虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件 牛津譯林版

《高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法11 虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件 牛津譯林版》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法11 虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件 牛津譯林版（21頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、十一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣十一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬虛擬條件條件從句謂從句謂語(yǔ)形式語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式例句例句與過(guò)與過(guò)去事去事實(shí)相實(shí)相反反had過(guò)去分過(guò)去分詞詞should / would / could / might have doneIf I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the rain.If we had had time, we would have dropped by. She would have come if she hadnt been so busy. 虛擬虛擬條件條件從句謂從句謂語(yǔ)形式語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形

2、式例句例句與現(xiàn)與現(xiàn)在事在事實(shí)相實(shí)相反反 一般過(guò)一般過(guò)去時(shí)去時(shí)(be用用were) should / would / could / might 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 If I were you, I would refuse the money. If we left now, we would arrive in good time. If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. 虛擬虛擬條件條件從句謂從句謂語(yǔ)形式語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式例句例句與將與將來(lái)事來(lái)事實(shí)相實(shí)相反反 一般過(guò)一般過(guò)去時(shí)；去時(shí)； shouldv.； w

3、ere tov. should / would / could / might動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If he would go away, I would be grieved. If he were to do it, I would do it in a different way. 2.條件從句中使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的注意事項(xiàng)條件從句中使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的注意事項(xiàng)事項(xiàng)事項(xiàng)注意之點(diǎn)注意之點(diǎn)例句例句錯(cuò)綜錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間時(shí)間條件條件句句當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主語(yǔ)表示的行為行為和主語(yǔ)表示的行為發(fā)生的

4、時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)具體動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)具體的時(shí)間進(jìn)行調(diào)整。的時(shí)間進(jìn)行調(diào)整。If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night. Amy would be alive today if the doctor had come sooner last night. 2.條件從句中使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的注意事項(xiàng)條件從句中使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的注意事項(xiàng)事項(xiàng)事項(xiàng)注意之點(diǎn)注意之點(diǎn)例句例句倒裝倒裝句句 條件句中可省略條件句中可省略if，把把were, had, should提到句提到句首首，變成倒裝句式。變成倒裝句式。 Had w

5、e made adequate preparations, we might have succeeded. Should Mr.White call, what would you say？Were you to be fired, your health care and other benefits would not be immediately cut off.注意：如果省略條件句的注意：如果省略條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad n

6、ow.() Werent it for the expense, I would go abroad now.() 2.條件從句中使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的注意事項(xiàng)條件從句中使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的注意事項(xiàng)事項(xiàng)事項(xiàng)注意之點(diǎn)注意之點(diǎn)例句例句含蓄含蓄條件條件句句 1)用介詞短語(yǔ)代用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。常用的介詞有：常用的介詞有：with, without, but for。 2)某些副詞、連某些副詞、連詞隱含虛擬條件。詞隱含虛擬條件。 What would you do with a million dollars？( if you had a million dollars)Without yo

7、ur help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.I was ill that day.Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副詞副詞)He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.(連詞連詞)I might have given yo

8、u more help, but I was too busy.(連詞連詞)(三三)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中的運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中的運(yùn)用 類別類別解說(shuō)解說(shuō)例句例句在主語(yǔ)在主語(yǔ)從句中從句中在在“Its 形容詞形容詞(過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞)that.”這類句型里這類句型里，主主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不論人稱和數(shù)論人稱和數(shù)，都常用都常用should動(dòng)詞原形或者動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)動(dòng)詞原形或者動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)，常用于本句型的形容詞常用于本句型的形容詞有：有：necessary, important, strange, natural, essential等等，另外另外，表示表示“提議、要求、提

9、議、要求、命令命令”等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞suggested, ordered, demanded, required, requested, proposed, advised, decided等等，也可以這樣用。也可以這樣用。幾個(gè)常用句型：幾個(gè)常用句型： Its 形容詞形容詞that. It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /.that.It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.重要的是每個(gè)成員應(yīng)該知道這重要的是每個(gè)成

10、員應(yīng)該知道這些規(guī)則。些規(guī)則。It has been decided that the meeting (should) be put off.會(huì)議已經(jīng)決定推遲召開(kāi)。會(huì)議已經(jīng)決定推遲召開(kāi)。It is important that we (should) do well in our lessons first.我們先把功課學(xué)好很重要。我們先把功課學(xué)好很重要。It is strange that he (should) not come.很奇怪很奇怪，他竟沒(méi)有來(lái)。他竟沒(méi)有來(lái)。(三三)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中的運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中的運(yùn)用 類別類別解說(shuō)解說(shuō)例句例句在賓語(yǔ)從在賓語(yǔ)從句中句中 (1) 用于

11、用于wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示說(shuō)話人表示說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。認(rèn)為不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)在情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞一般用動(dòng)詞一般用were)。 表示表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞常用對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞常用“had過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”。 表示對(duì)將來(lái)的表示對(duì)將來(lái)的主觀愿望：從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為主觀愿望：從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為“should/ might / would / could動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形”。(2) 在在suggest, demand, order, propose, insist,

12、command, request, desire等動(dòng)詞等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”，表示建議、要求、命表示建議、要求、命令等。令等。should可以省略?？梢允÷浴 wish I remembered her telephone number.我希望記得她的電話號(hào)碼。我希望記得她的電話號(hào)碼。(實(shí)實(shí)際上不記得際上不記得)I wish I had gone to see him in the hospital.我后悔應(yīng)該去醫(yī)院看望他的。我后悔應(yīng)該去醫(yī)院看望他的。(實(shí)際上沒(méi)有去看實(shí)際上沒(méi)有去看)I wish it would stop

13、raining.但愿雨能停止。但愿雨能停止。I wish I could fly to the moon one day.我希望有一天能夠飛往月球。我希望有一天能夠飛往月球。I demand that he (should) answer me immediately.我要求他立刻答復(fù)我。我要求他立刻答復(fù)我。We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.我們建議我們建議Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。類別類別解說(shuō)解說(shuō)例句例句在賓在賓語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)從句中句中 (3)would rather 后面的賓語(yǔ)后面的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中這種

14、結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句中的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常使用過(guò)去謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常使用過(guò)去時(shí)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的時(shí)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的虛擬虛擬，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。常見(jiàn)示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞的巧記口訣：動(dòng)詞的巧記口訣：“一一個(gè)堅(jiān)持個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令兩個(gè)命令，三三個(gè)建議個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求四個(gè)要求”。即：即：insistorder, commandadvise, suggest, proposedemand, require, request, desire注意：當(dāng)注意：當(dāng)insist的意思為的意思為“堅(jiān)堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)決認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”；suggest的意思為的意思為“表明，表明，暗含，暗示暗含，暗示”等

15、時(shí)，賓等時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用虛擬語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句一般不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。氣。The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.國(guó)王下令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。國(guó)王下令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。They requested that we (should) send them to work there.他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌he teacher advised that we (should) make good use of every minute here.老師勸我們要好好地利用在這兒的

16、每一分老師勸我們要好好地利用在這兒的每一分鐘。鐘。Tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch.湯姆堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷那塊手表。湯姆堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷那塊手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam.他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。I would rather you didnt make any comment on the issue.我寧愿目前你不對(duì)此事發(fā)表任何我寧愿目前你不對(duì)此事發(fā)表任何評(píng)論。評(píng)論。I would rather I had seen the

17、 film.我寧愿我已看過(guò)了那場(chǎng)電影。我寧愿我已看過(guò)了那場(chǎng)電影。類別類別解說(shuō)解說(shuō)例句例句在方式在方式狀語(yǔ)從狀語(yǔ)從句中句中 as if / as though 引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的內(nèi)容往往不是事實(shí)內(nèi)容往往不是事實(shí)，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形其形式與式與wish后賓語(yǔ)從句后賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相同。中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相同。It seems as if it were (was) spring already. 現(xiàn)在仿佛已經(jīng)是春天了。現(xiàn)在仿佛已經(jīng)是春天了。He behaved as if nothing had happened.他裝作若無(wú)其事的樣子。他裝作若無(wú)其事的樣子。He spo

18、ke to me as if I were (was) a deaf.他對(duì)我講話時(shí)就像我是聾子似的。他對(duì)我講話時(shí)就像我是聾子似的。類別類別解說(shuō)解說(shuō)例句例句在表在表語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)從句和句和同位同位語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)從句中句中 在表示在表示“意愿、意愿、要求、命令、建議要求、命令、建議”等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中或同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”形式形式，這類名詞有：這類名詞有：idea, proposal, suggestion, order, plan, decision, advice, desire, requirement等。等。My sugge

19、stion is that the old houses (should) be pulled down and rebuilt.我的建議是那些舊房子應(yīng)該拆掉我的建議是那些舊房子應(yīng)該拆掉重建。重建。Our plan is that we (should) have a sports meeting next week.我們的計(jì)劃是下周召開(kāi)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。我們的計(jì)劃是下周召開(kāi)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。類別類別解說(shuō)解說(shuō)例句例句在定在定語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)從句中句中 句型句型It is (high) time (that). 所接的所接的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式為過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式為過(guò)去式或去式或should動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞

20、原形。意思是原形。意思是“是某是某人該做人該做的時(shí)候的時(shí)候了了”。It is time that we went to bed.是睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候了。是睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候了。It is high time that we should put an end to this argument.我們?cè)摻Y(jié)束這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論了。我們?cè)摻Y(jié)束這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論了。類別類別解說(shuō)解說(shuō)例句例句表示表示驚嘆驚嘆 (1)if only 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的感嘆句使用虛擬語(yǔ)的感嘆句使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬事實(shí)的虛擬，用過(guò)去用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去事完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬。意為實(shí)的虛擬。意為“

21、但但愿愿，要是要是多好！多好！”If only I could see him now.要是我現(xiàn)在就能見(jiàn)到他就好了。要是我現(xiàn)在就能見(jiàn)到他就好了。If only I knew the answer.要是我知道答案就好了。要是我知道答案就好了。If only I hadnt lost it.要是我沒(méi)把它弄丟了該多好啊。要是我沒(méi)把它弄丟了該多好啊。類別類別解說(shuō)解說(shuō)例句例句表示表示祝愿祝愿 (2) 用用“may 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”表表“祝愿祝愿”“”“但但愿愿”，此時(shí)，此時(shí)may須須置于句首置于句首(多用于多用于正式文體中正式文體中)。 May you be happy! 祝祝你快樂(lè)！你快樂(lè)！ May good luck be yours! 祝你順利！祝你順利！