廣東省中考英語 語法考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí) 主謂一致課件

主謂一致是指謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近原則。語法一致即主語為單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式；意義一致即從含義上去處理主謂一致的關(guān)系，如主語形式上是單數(shù)，但其代表復(fù)數(shù)意義，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；就近原則即謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于靠近的主語。（1）語法一致（2）意義一致（3）就近原則考點(diǎn)一 語法一致 句子的主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)句子的主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：如： China has a long history. 中國有悠久的歷史。中國有悠久的歷史。Many people are studying English now. 現(xiàn)在很多人都在學(xué)英語?，F(xiàn)在很多人都在學(xué)英語。 在日常學(xué)習(xí)中還有注意以下原則：在日常學(xué)習(xí)中還有注意以下原則：1. 當(dāng)主語部分含有當(dāng)主語部分含有with, together with, as well as, besides, except , but, like (像像)等介詞或介詞短語時(shí)，等介詞或介詞短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞取決于介詞前的主語，稱為謂語動(dòng)詞取決于介詞前的主語，稱為“就遠(yuǎn)原就遠(yuǎn)原則則”。如：。如： Everyone except Tom has been to the Great Wall. 除除Tom外，每個(gè)人都去過長城。外，每個(gè)人都去過長城。 John with his friends plays basketball every weekend. John和朋友每周都打籃球。和朋友每周都打籃球。( ) 1. I called you at 5:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered. Sorry, I with my parents _ at that time.A. was shopping B. were shopping C. are shopping D. went shopping( ) 2. The child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school. A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes( ) 3. Nobody except Tom and Mary _ in the Classroom. The other students are watching the basketball game on the playground now. A. am B. is C. are D.was2. 動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句或不可數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Listening to the tapes is helpful to our English study .聽磁帶有助于英語學(xué)習(xí)。What he said is not right. 他的話不對(duì)。( ) 4. Playing too much computer games _ harmful to us.A. are B. is C. has D. be 3. 不定代詞不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything , nobody, no one, nothing, each , every做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： Lucy, someone is waiting for you at the gate . Lucy，有人在大門口等你。，有人在大門口等你。 Is everyone here? 人都到齊了嗎？人都到齊了嗎？ Every one of the students is studying hard. 學(xué)生們都在努力學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)生們都在努力學(xué)習(xí)。( ) 5. What_ in your pocket? Nothing _ there. A. is, is B. is, are C. are, are D. are, is4. neither of, either, each (one), every one, the other做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： Neither of them is right. 他們兩個(gè)都是錯(cuò)的。 The other of the two comes from Australia. 他們中的另一個(gè)來自澳大利亞。( ) 6. Which would you like, tea or coffee? _is OK, I dont mind. A. Either B. Both C. Any D. have5. news（新聞），politics（政治），maths（數(shù)學(xué)），physics（物理）等詞，雖然形式上是以s結(jié)尾，但表示的意義是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。相反，people，police等詞形式上是單數(shù)形式，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Maths is my favorite subject 數(shù)學(xué)是我最喜歡的學(xué)科。 ( ) 7. Physics _ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so? Yes, I think so.A. is B. are C. hasD. have( ) 8. The news _very interesting ! Tell me more! A. was B. are C. were D. is 6. 由由and，bothand 連接的兩個(gè)名詞做主語，連接的兩個(gè)名詞做主語，表示兩個(gè)不同的人或物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：表示兩個(gè)不同的人或物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： The painter and the writer have come to our school. 畫家和作家都到了我們學(xué)校。（指兩個(gè)人）畫家和作家都到了我們學(xué)校。（指兩個(gè)人） 指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The painter and writer has come to our school . 那個(gè)畫家兼作家到了我們學(xué)校。（指一個(gè)人兩重那個(gè)畫家兼作家到了我們學(xué)校。（指一個(gè)人兩重身份）身份）( ) 9. They said the eighth and the last lessons _ quite difficult.A. is B. was C. were D. are7. clothes, trousers, pants, shorts, shoes, gloves等做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)； 但如果有量詞“a kind of , a piece of , a pair of ” 等詞修飾時(shí)，則依量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來定。如： The shoes look nice. 這鞋看上去很漂亮。 The pair of shoes is very nice. 這雙鞋很漂亮。( ) 10. _ that pair of _ a little cheaper? A.Is; glass B. Are; glass C. Is; glasses D. Are; glasses 考點(diǎn)二 意義一致原則 意義一致即謂語動(dòng)詞該用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容在含義是單數(shù)意義還是復(fù)數(shù)意義。 如： The Chinese are hard-working(中國人是勤勞的。)8. 表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、重量、數(shù)目、數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語做主語時(shí)，表示整體概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Ten years has passed since we met last time. 自從上次見面，又過了十年。10 kilometers is a long way to him. He is too tired. 對(duì)他來說十公里太長，他太累了。( ) 11. A quarter _ enough for me to walk to school.A. are B. is C. were D. has( ) 12. What they have done _ useful to the people.A. are B. has C. is D. were 9. the +形容詞表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The old are looked after well in this old peoples house. 老人們?cè)陴B(yǎng)老院被照顧得很好。The young arent allowed to get their ears pierced.年輕人不應(yīng)該穿耳孔。10. the +姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示一家人或者夫婦兩個(gè)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： The Greens are going to Germany next week.格林一家打算下周去德國。11. 集體名詞：family, class, team, group, enemy, police, population等表示整體概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。表示成員時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Class One is a very good class. 一班是個(gè)好班。Now Class One are having a basketball match. 一班的學(xué)生在進(jìn)行籃球比賽。The United States was founded in 1776. 美國是1776年成立的。( ) 13. These police often _ children cross the street.A. help B. helps C. helping D. is helping( ) 14. Half of the class _ most of the work. Some of the work _ really difficult.A. have done；are B. has done；are C. has done； is D. have done；is ( ) 15. The population of the world _ larger and larger.A. had grown B. will grow C. is growing D. is grown 12. 名詞性物主代詞mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于該動(dòng)詞后面名詞的數(shù)，動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；動(dòng)詞后面名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：His is a new bike他的是一輛新自行車。 Ours are old bikes我們的是些舊自行車?？键c(diǎn)三-就近原則 13. neithernor , either or , not onlybut also , not but以及there be連接兩個(gè)并列的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞跟它靠近的主語一致。如Neither I nor she likes listening to this song.她和我都不喜歡聽這首歌。There is a knife and two pens in the box.盒子里有一把刀和兩支鉛筆。( ) 16. There_ a book and three pens on my desk just now, but now there is nothing on it. A. had B were C. was D.is( ) 17. Neither Kate nor her cousins_ to America, but_ of them have known the country very well. A. have been; all B have gone; both C. has been; all D. has gone；all( ) 18. Not only my father but also my grandpa _flying to Singapore this weekend.A. are B. is C. was D.were 考點(diǎn)四 兩個(gè)要注意的問題 14. the number of “的數(shù)量”做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 a number of “許多，大量”做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 如： The number of the workers in this factory is about 500. 這家工廠的工人大約500人。A number of the workers in this factory are women. 這家工廠的工人很多是女工。( ) 19. What _ the number of the students in your school? About two thousand. A number of them _ from the countryside. A. is; are B. is；is C. are; is D. are；are ( ) 20. A number of tourists_ Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city. A. have been to B. has been to C. has gone to D. have gone to15. 分?jǐn)?shù)做主語時(shí)，依名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。若所修飾的名詞是單數(shù)，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Three quarters of the work is done by the computer.四分之三的工作是電腦完成的。若所修飾的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：One half of the students have passed the exam. 有一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)通過了考試?！究键c(diǎn)精煉【考點(diǎn)精煉】( ) 21. How many students _ there in your class?And two thirds of them _ girls. A. is, are B. are, are C. are, is D. is, is 中考中主謂一致主要考查對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的理解，考查是否明白主語和謂語之間的單復(fù)數(shù)關(guān)系。復(fù)習(xí)備考過程中要熟記主謂一致的三原則并能靈活運(yùn)用。