天津市武清區(qū)楊村第四中學(xué)高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題八 情態(tài)動詞用法詳解課件 外研版

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1、1.是一種表示說話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語氣的動詞是一種表示說話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語氣的動詞2. 但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和其他動詞原形構(gòu)成謂語但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和其他動詞原形構(gòu)成謂語,3. 雖有時態(tài)的變化，但卻沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化雖有時態(tài)的變化，但卻沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化4. 變?yōu)橐蓡柧浠蚍穸ň鋾r不需要助動詞，而是將情態(tài)動變?yōu)橐蓡柧浠蚍穸ň鋾r不需要助動詞，而是將情態(tài)動詞移至主語前變?yōu)橐蓡柧?，直接在情態(tài)動詞后加詞移至主語前變?yōu)橐蓡柧?，直接在情態(tài)動詞后加not，構(gòu)，構(gòu)成否定句。成否定句。 We can be there on time tomorrow. May I have your name? Shal

2、l we begin now? You must obey the school rules. 情態(tài)動詞數(shù)量不多，但用途廣泛，主要有下列：情態(tài)動詞數(shù)量不多，但用途廣泛，主要有下列：有有can (could), may (might), must, need, dare (dared), shall, will (would), should, ought to, have to, used to, had better, would rather 等等情 態(tài) 動 詞 的 種 類情情 態(tài)態(tài) 動動 詞詞 的的 位位 置置 情態(tài)動詞在句中放在謂語動詞之前，疑問句中，情態(tài)動詞在句中放在謂語動詞之前，疑

3、問句中， 情態(tài)動情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前。詞放在主語之前。 I can see you. Come here. He must have been away. What can I do for you? How dare you treat us like that! 情情 態(tài)態(tài) 動動 詞詞 的的 用用 法法 要要 點(diǎn)點(diǎn)1表示能力的表示能力的can/could和和be able to 1) can表示具有某種能力或技能，意為“能，會”。Who can answer this question?2)can 的過去式為could，但它通常只表示過去一般性能力，不表示過去特定場合下的能力，遇此情況要用

4、 was/were able to。如：I could run faster then.我那時能跑得更快一些。They were able to jump into the sea before the boat was blown up.他們在船爆之前跳入海里。3) be able to 有時態(tài)，人稱，數(shù)的變化，amisarewill be waswere able to 。2表示許可表示許可1)Shallmaymightcancould Iwe?Shall he shethey?Wouldwill you ? Could (Can, May, Might) I use it? Yes, y

5、ou can (may)可以。(不用 could/might)- no, Im afraid not.在答語中表示允許別人做某事要用can/may，不能用 could/might。2)Must提問時， 表示必須做某事。如：Must I speak of it again?yes you must. -no, you neednt .you dont have to. 3)Shall 與you及第三人稱時，表命令、警告、威脅：宣布法律時也需用shallYou shall leave the room at once Each member shall wear a name card. 3. 表

6、推測表推測表示說具體事情發(fā)生的可能性表示說具體事情發(fā)生的可能性詞形詞形肯定式肯定式否定式否定式疑問式疑問式Must必定，必然必定，必然_Can_不可能不可能有可能嗎？有可能嗎？Could 微弱的可能微弱的可能不可能不可能有可能嗎？有可能嗎？Maymight或許，也許或許，也許或許不，可或許不，可能不能不_Shouldought按說應(yīng)該按說應(yīng)該應(yīng)該不會應(yīng)該不會_Willwould很可能，大很可能，大概概不會，不該不會，不該 會會嗎？嗎？表推測時 can/may/could/must的區(qū)別從表格來看：must 表示推測通常只用于肯定句Can常用于否定句和疑問句may用于肯定句和否定式，含義不同(c

7、annot不可能，暗示驚訝或不相信；may not可能不)；如：She cant be in the office now.This may not be done by him.I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep4shall 與 will 的用法區(qū)別1) shall 除用于第一人稱表示單純將來外，還可用于陳述句第二、三人稱， 表示說話者的意圖、警告、命令、決心等。如：He shall have a bicycle for his birthday.他可以得到一輛自行車作為生日禮物。 will 可以表示習(xí)慣和傾向性，意為“慣于， 老是

8、， 終歸是”。表示“意愿” I will call you as soon as possible. Who will do the job ? He would not let me try . The door wont open.3) Shall I (we)？ 可用于征求意見等，Will you？可用于表示請求或邀請等。如：Shall I turn on the light?5need和dare的用法need和dare可用作實(shí)義動詞和情態(tài)動詞，用作實(shí)義動詞時，后接動詞要用不定式，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問句；用作情態(tài)動詞時，主要用于否定句和疑問句中，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化

9、，后接動詞要用動詞原形。如：You need not payit is free.We need to have lots of patience.Need I come? Yes , you must./No,you neednt.You neednt telephone him now.She dare not go out alone at night.注意：need 表示“需要”，其后可接動名詞，且要用主動形式表示被動意義。如：The room needs cleaning. 二、情態(tài)動詞的完成式和進(jìn)行式二、情態(tài)動詞的完成式和進(jìn)行式 modal verb+ have done: 對過去

10、發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行評價、猜測，表示對過去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行評價、猜測，表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)、想必已經(jīng)、應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)、想必已經(jīng)、本本 來可以做但未做來可以做但未做” I should have finished the work earlier. He isnt here. He must have missed the train. Where can (could) he have gone? You could(might) have been more careful. You ought to have come,but why didnt you? modal verb+be doing: 對正在發(fā)生

11、的事情進(jìn)行評價、猜測，表示對正在發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行評價、猜測，表示“想必正在、可能正在、想必正在、可能正在、應(yīng)應(yīng) 當(dāng)正在當(dāng)正在” Its 12 oclock .They must be having lunch. They may be discussing the problem. He cant be telling the truth. She shouldnt be working like that.She is still so weak. 情情 態(tài)態(tài) 動動 詞詞 的的 用用 法法1. can (could) 表示說話人能表示說話人能, 可以可以, 同意同意, 準(zhǔn)許準(zhǔn)許, 以及客觀條件

12、許可以及客觀條件許可, could 為為 can 的過去式。的過去式。 Can you pass me the books? 你能給我遞一下書嗎你能給我遞一下書嗎 ? Could you help me, please? 請問請問, 你能幫助我嗎你能幫助我嗎? What can you do? 你能干點(diǎn)什么呢你能干點(diǎn)什么呢? Can you be sure? 你有把握嗎你有把握嗎? can 和和could 只能用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種時態(tài)，將來時態(tài)用只能用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種時態(tài)，將來時態(tài)用be able to 來表示。來表示。 He could help us at all. 他完全可以幫助我

13、們。他完全可以幫助我們。 With the teachers help, I shall be able to speak English correctly. 有有老師的幫助老師的幫助, 我將能準(zhǔn)確地講英語。我將能準(zhǔn)確地講英語。 2. may (might) “可以可以”，表示說話人同意，許可或請求對方許可。，表示說話人同意，許可或請求對方許可。 You may take the book home. 你可以把書帶回家去。你可以把書帶回家去。 May I come in? 我可以進(jìn)來嗎我可以進(jìn)來嗎? May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的詞典嗎我可以用你的詞典嗎?

14、 You may put on more clothes. 你可以多穿點(diǎn)衣服。你可以多穿點(diǎn)衣服。 He said he might lend us some money. 他說他可以借給我們一些錢。他說他可以借給我們一些錢。 may 否定式為否定式為 may not, 縮寫形式是縮寫形式是 maynt。might 是是may 的的過去式，有兩種用法，一種表示過去式，一種表示虛擬語氣，使語過去式，有兩種用法，一種表示過去式，一種表示虛擬語氣，使語氣更加委婉、氣更加委婉、 客氣或?qū)赡苄缘膽岩??？蜌饣驅(qū)赡苄缘膽岩伞?He told me he might be here on time. 他說他

15、能按時間來。他說他能按時間來。 Might I borrow some money now? 我可以借點(diǎn)錢嗎我可以借點(diǎn)錢嗎? He might be alive. 他可能還活著。他可能還活著。3. must “必須；應(yīng)該；一定；準(zhǔn)是必須；應(yīng)該；一定；準(zhǔn)是”，表示說話人認(rèn)為有必要做某，表示說話人認(rèn)為有必要做某事，命令、要求別人做某事以及對事物的推測。事，命令、要求別人做某事以及對事物的推測。must 用來指一般用來指一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時，現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時， 過去式可用過去式可用 have to 的過去式代替。的過去式代替。 I must finish my work today. I mus

16、t finish my work today. 我今天必須完成我的工作。我今天必須完成我的工作。 You mustnt work all the time. You mustnt work all the time. 你不能老是工作。你不能老是工作。 Must I return the book tomorrow? Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必須明天還書嗎我必須明天還書嗎? ? After such a long walk, you must be tired. After such a long walk, you must be tired. 走了

17、這么長的路走了這么長的路, , 你一定累了。你一定累了。 He must be the man I am looking for. He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人。他一定是我要找的人。 He had to go because of somebodys calling him that day. He had to go because of somebodys calling him that day. 那天他要走，因?yàn)橛腥私兴?。那天他要走，因?yàn)橛腥私兴?。值得注意的是：值得注意的是：?）must + have + 過去分詞，表示

18、現(xiàn)在對過去事物的推測。過去分詞，表示現(xiàn)在對過去事物的推測。 He must have told my parents about it. He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。 He must have received my letter now. He must have received my letter now. 他現(xiàn)在一定收到我的信了。他現(xiàn)在一定收到我的信了。 Its six oclock already, we must have been late again. Its si

19、x oclock already, we must have been late again. 已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了，我們一定又遲到了。已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了，我們一定又遲到了。（2）must 和和 have to 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別: must 表示說話人的主觀思想表示說話人的主觀思想, have to “不得不不得不,必須必須”，表示客觀需要、客觀條件只能如此。，表示客觀需要、客觀條件只能如此。 You must do it now. 你必需現(xiàn)在就干。你必需現(xiàn)在就干。(說話人認(rèn)為必須現(xiàn)在干說話人認(rèn)為必須現(xiàn)在干) I have to go now. 我得走了。我得走了。(客觀條件必須現(xiàn)在走客觀條件必須現(xiàn)在走) Yo

20、u must be here on time next time. 你下次一定要按時來。你下次一定要按時來。 I have to cook for my child. 我得給孩子做飯。我得給孩子做飯。 4. need “需要需要”，多用在否定式或疑問句中，多用在否定式或疑問句中. Need I attend the meeting tomorrow? 我需要明天參加會議嗎我需要明天參加會議嗎? You need not hand in the paper this week. 這一周你不必交論文。這一周你不必交論文。 need 是一個情態(tài)動詞，他的用法完全和其他情態(tài)動詞一樣，但是一個情態(tài)動詞，

21、他的用法完全和其他情態(tài)動詞一樣，但 need 還可當(dāng)作實(shí)義動詞使用，這時還可當(dāng)作實(shí)義動詞使用，這時 need 就象其他動詞一樣，有第就象其他動詞一樣，有第三人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，三人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)， 后面加帶后面加帶 to 的動詞等特性。的動詞等特性。 I need a bike to go to school. 我上學(xué)需要一輛自行車。我上學(xué)需要一輛自行車。 Do you need a dictionary? 你需要詞典嗎你需要詞典嗎? She needs a necklace. 她需要一條項(xiàng)鏈。她需要一條項(xiàng)鏈。 注意：注意：“neednt + have + 過去分詞過去分詞” 表示過去做了沒必要做的事表

22、示過去做了沒必要做的事情。情。 You neednt have taken it seriously. 這件事情你不必太認(rèn)真。這件事情你不必太認(rèn)真。 5. dare “敢敢”，多用在否定或疑問句中。，多用在否定或疑問句中。 The little girl dare not speak in public. 小女孩不敢在公眾小女孩不敢在公眾面前說話。面前說話。 Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小貓嗎你敢抓小貓嗎? dare 除用作情態(tài)動詞外，更多的是當(dāng)實(shí)義動詞使用，除用作情態(tài)動詞外，更多的是當(dāng)實(shí)義動詞使用， 用法同實(shí)義動詞一樣，要考慮人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，時態(tài)等。用法

23、同實(shí)義動詞一樣，要考慮人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，時態(tài)等。 Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路嗎？你敢黑夜走路嗎？ He doesnt dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. 他不敢告訴老師那天發(fā)生的事。他不敢告訴老師那天發(fā)生的事。6. ought “應(yīng)當(dāng)；應(yīng)該應(yīng)當(dāng)；應(yīng)該”，后面跟帶有，后面跟帶有 to 的動詞不定式。的動詞不定式。 You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar. 如果你想知道如何修理

24、汽車如果你想知道如何修理汽車,你應(yīng)該讀這些書。你應(yīng)該讀這些書。 You ought to bring the child here. 你應(yīng)該把孩子帶來。你應(yīng)該把孩子帶來。 ought + to have done 句型。指過去動作句型。指過去動作,表示一件事情該做而未做。表示一件事情該做而未做。 You ought to have been here yesterday. 你昨天就應(yīng)該來。你昨天就應(yīng)該來。 ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。句型。表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。 You ought not to have taken the book

25、out of the reading-room. 你不應(yīng)該把書帶出閱覽室。你不應(yīng)該把書帶出閱覽室。7. will (would) 表決心、愿望。表決心、愿望。 would 為為 will 的過去式的過去式, 可用于各人可用于各人稱。稱。 Ill do my best to catch up with them. 我要盡全力趕上他們。我要盡全力趕上他們。 Ill never do it again, thats the last time. 我再不會做那件事情了我再不會做那件事情了,這這是最后一次。是最后一次。 He said he would help me. 他說他會幫助我。他說他會幫助我。

26、 will, would用于疑問句表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蠡蛟儐栍糜谝蓡柧浔硎菊f話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蠡蛟儐?用用 would 比比 will 更婉轉(zhuǎn)更婉轉(zhuǎn),客氣。客氣。 Its hot. Will you open the windows? 天氣太熱了天氣太熱了,你能打開窗戶嗎你能打開窗戶嗎? Will you help me to work it out? 你能幫我解這道題嗎你能幫我解這道題嗎? Would you like some coffee？ 給你來點(diǎn)咖啡怎樣？給你來點(diǎn)咖啡怎樣？ 8. shall, should 表示命令表示命令, 警告警告, 允諾允諾, 征求征求, 勸告勸告, 建議

27、建議, 驚奇。驚奇。 You should hand in the exercise book. 你應(yīng)該交作業(yè)本兒了。你應(yīng)該交作業(yè)本兒了。 This should be no problem. 這應(yīng)該沒問題。這應(yīng)該沒問題。 Shall we go now? 我們現(xiàn)在可以走了嗎我們現(xiàn)在可以走了嗎? Why should I meet him？ 為什么我要見他為什么我要見他? 情態(tài)動詞專練題情態(tài)動詞專練題1.Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. must D. would2

28、. Must I drive to his house and pick up the children? No, _. A. you shouldnt B. you might not C. you neednt D. you mustnt3.You to attend the meeting, but you didnt. A. should come B. would have come C. came D. should have come4.We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it. A. mustnt have attende

29、d B. cannot have attended C. neednt have attended D. would have not attended5.Tom went on foot, but he by bus. A. might go B. may go C. could have gone D. ought have gone 6.We play chess than bridge. Some of us dont know how to play bridge. A. had better B. would better C. would rather D. had rather

30、7.There is someone knocking at the door. it be Tom? A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Ought8.There was a lot of time. He . A. mustnt have hurried B. neednt have hurried C. could have hurried D. ought to have hurried9.We didnt study Chemistry last night, but we . A. had studied B. could C. should D. could

31、have10.One ought for what one hasnt done. A. not to be punished B. to not be punished C. to not punished D. not be punished 11.May I pick a flower in the garden? . A. No, you neednt B. Not, please C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont12.Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you . A. will B. could C.

32、 may D. might13.Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you worry about parking. A. must not B. may not C. should not D. dont have to14.I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She at the meeting. A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldn

33、t have spoken C. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken15.I wonder how he that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say 16.You take your umbrella. I am sure it wont rain. A. shouldnt B. cant C. dont have to D. mustnt17.The dog hibernate in winter. A. dont need B.

34、 doesnt need to C. needs not to D. needs not18.Look what you have done. You have been careful. A. should B. can C. must D. may19.Tom did not go to the party yesterday, or I him. A. would see B. could meet C. might have seen D. might see20. Lets go to the cinema, shall we? ? A. No, I cant B. Yes, I w

35、ill C. Yes, thank you D. No, wed better not 21.If you had been more careful, you have made so many mistakes.A. wont B. wouldnt C. may not D. mustnt22.Whenever Mother was not here, the children make a lot of noise.A. will B. would C. were to D. were going to23.Why is it so dark. There be a heavy rain

36、 coming. A. shall B. may C. should D. will24.Tom is late. What to him? A. should have happened B. must have happened C. can have happened D. would have happened25.Tom, you play with the knife, you hurt yourself. A. wont, could B. mustnt, may C. shouldnt, must D. cant, should 26. “Can you imagine how

37、 about it?” “No, I cant.” A. could they know possibly B. could they possibly know C. they could possibly know D. possibly they could know27.Tom full marks, but he was too careless a spelling mistake. A. could gain, to make B. could have gained, to make C. could have gained, and made D. could have ga

38、ined, as to make28.I wonder how she the drunken sailor the other day. A. dare fighting off B. dared fight off C. dare to fight off D. dared fighting off29. the man there be our new teacher? He be, but Im not sure. A. May, mustnt B. Can, may C. Must, cant D. Can, cant30. Someone is knocking at the door. Who it be? It be Tom. He is still in the school. A. can, cant B. can, mustnt C. might, could D. might, may