湖南省高考英語(yǔ) M5 Unit 3　Science versus nature（2）課件 牛津譯林版

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1、Part1 M5.Unit3Unit 3Unit 3Science versus Science versus nature nature Module5重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞6、 辨析 habit， practice， custom(1)habit指?jìng)€(gè)人的“習(xí)慣”，通常用于表示做事、 思考問(wèn)題或行為舉止的不自覺的方式方法。He is in the habit of rising early. 他有早起的習(xí)慣。(2)practice 既可表示個(gè)人的也可表示社會(huì)的“習(xí)慣”，這種“習(xí)慣”從性質(zhì)上看是一種反復(fù)不斷的或是有選擇性的行為或者方法。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞 practiceU指練習(xí)，操練；實(shí)

2、施C慣例，舉例It is my usual practice to pay on the nail when going shopping. 購(gòu)物時(shí)我習(xí)慣于當(dāng)場(chǎng)付錢。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞(3)custom具有habit和practice的一切表示個(gè)人習(xí) 慣的含義，此外，custom 還包含這樣一層意思：長(zhǎng)期而廣泛采用的行為或方法，即風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，按照某地區(qū)人們共同生活及其行為的準(zhǔn)則或規(guī)范，它不僅有指導(dǎo)意義，而且具有必須遵循的意義。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞Social customs vary greatly from country to c

3、ountry. 國(guó)與國(guó)之間的社會(huì)習(xí)俗有很大差異。Changing social conditions, however, are bringing changes in custom and law. 不過(guò)，社會(huì)的變化正在帶來(lái)習(xí)俗和法律的變化。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habitof dozing off in front of the screen.On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of fry

4、ing potatoes in animal fat the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour.重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞7、 limit vt. 限制 be limited to (doing) 局限于(做)The noise of your radio must be limited to a level that we all

5、 can bear.你收音機(jī)的音量必須控制在我們大家都能忍受的范圍內(nèi)。The teacher limited our club to activities inside the schoolyard, which we all disagreed.老師把我們俱樂(lè)部的活動(dòng)限于在校園內(nèi)，這一點(diǎn)我們都不同意。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞limit n. 限制，局限within limit(s) 適當(dāng)?shù)兀诜秶鷥?nèi)without limit 無(wú)限度地set a limit to 為設(shè)定一個(gè)界限There is a limit to 有限度重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞I will be willing to help

6、, but within_limit. 我樂(lè)意適當(dāng)?shù)貛湍?。Shall we set_a_limit_to the times you can be late for a term? 我們給你一個(gè)學(xué)期能遲到次數(shù)訂一個(gè)限度，好嗎？I will help as much as I can do, but there_is_a_limit_to what I can do. 我會(huì)盡力幫忙，但我能做的有限度。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 單單 詞詞 Considering the time limit, we shall limit our meeting _ three problems.A. to discuss B

7、. to discussingC. discussing D. discussed B limit sth. to (doing) 局限于(做)重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)1、in general / generally speaking 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，從整體上講Its true that he sometimes doesnt obey the rules, but in_general,_he is a promising boy. 他確實(shí)有時(shí)不守規(guī)矩，但從整體上來(lái)說(shuō)，他是個(gè)很有前程的孩子。In_general,_the more expensive something is, the better

8、 the quality is. 一般來(lái)講，某件東西越貴，它的質(zhì)量就越好。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)中in + (抽象)名詞，常相當(dāng)于該名詞的副詞意義的短語(yǔ)還有： in silence 安靜地； in comfort 舒服地； in particular 尤其； in public 公開地； in earnest 認(rèn)真地。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)2、praise sb. for 因而贊揚(yáng)某人The Secretary of the United Nations praised China for its quick reaction in case of emergency. 聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書長(zhǎng)表?yè)P(yáng)

9、了中國(guó)在緊急情況下的快速反應(yīng)。Newman was praised for his excellent performance in the game. 由于在比賽中表現(xiàn)出色，Newman 受到了表?yè)P(yáng)。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)【注意】in praise of 贊揚(yáng)，表?yè)P(yáng)They organized a class meeting in_praise_of his heroic deeds. 他們組織了一次班會(huì)以表?yè)P(yáng)他的英勇事跡。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) (1) 英語(yǔ)中for可以與許多詞連用，表示原因，“ 因 而 ” ， 如 ： t h a n k f o r , excusefor, forgiv

10、efor, apologize to sb. for, criticizefor, scoldfor (2) 英語(yǔ)中in + n. +of結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)還有in honor of, in favor of, in need of, in want of, in celebration of等。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)A school named “Qianqiu Middle School” has been set up _ the teacher, Tan Qianqiu, who lost his life in saving the students in the earthquake.A.

11、 in honor of B. in case ofC. in need of D. in favor of A 根據(jù)句子的意思可知，“千秋中學(xué)”是“為了紀(jì)念”在地震中為了保護(hù)學(xué)生而犧牲的譚千秋老師而建立的。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)3、be in agreement with 與符合，和一致，同意On this point, I am in complete / entire agreement with you. 在這一點(diǎn)上我完全同意你的意見。Finally my parents nodded in agreement.最后我父母點(diǎn)頭同意了。The main verb has to be in

12、 agreement with the subject in person and number. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要在人稱和數(shù)方面和主語(yǔ)保持一致。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)(1)與agreement連用的詞還有reach / come to / arrive at an agreement on 就達(dá)成協(xié)議； keep / break the agreement 遵守約定 / 毀約。(2)動(dòng)詞agree的用法如下： agree that 認(rèn)為，同意 agree to do 同意做重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) agree with sb.s words / sth. 同意(某人的話)/相符，一致 agree t

13、o a plan / a proposal / the arrangement, etc. 同意計(jì)劃/建議/安排 agree on the time / date / place / price, etc. 在方面達(dá)成一致重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)We agree that the article is worth reading. 我們認(rèn)為這篇文章值得一讀。The boss agreed_to raise the workers pay by 5%. 老板同意給工人漲5%的工資。Generally I agree_with you, but not everything. 大體上我同意你說(shuō)的，但

14、并不是每一點(diǎn)都同意。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)The boss agreed_to_the_terms under the pressure of the workers. 在工人的壓力下，老板同意了這些條款。This is the point on which I dont agree. 我不同意這一點(diǎn)。(3) disagree / disagreement為agree / agreement的反義詞，意為“不同意”。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) I dont think they will agree _ you _ this point.A. with； to B. to； onC. with；

15、on D. on； with C 根據(jù)句子的意思可知，第一空“同意某人(的觀點(diǎn))等”；第二空“在某一點(diǎn)上達(dá)成一致”。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)4、turn out結(jié)果是，證明是，原來(lái)是；制造，生產(chǎn)【注意】該詞屬于系動(dòng)詞系列，一般沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。It turned out that he had never been there. 原來(lái)他根本就沒去過(guò)那里。The committee found that all the accusations turned_out_(to_be)_false. 委員會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的指控竟然都是假的。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)(1) turn的詞性、詞義及構(gòu)成

16、能力都十分強(qiáng)，請(qǐng)注意以下詞組句型中turn 的詞性詞義： turn red / grey / green / angry / brave, etc. turn to sb. for help, turn on / off / up / down, turn over, turn inside out, take turns to do / do in turn / doby turns / it is ones turn to do等。(2) 常見的行為動(dòng)詞有系動(dòng)詞用法的還有：prove, remain, appear, seem, look, sound, taste, smell, fee

17、l, grow, stand, lie, sit等。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)He _ to come but he _ yet. I wonder what has happened to him.A. had promised; hasnt turned upB. promised; hasnt turned inC. promised; hasnt turned upD. had promised; didnt turn up C 第一空說(shuō)明“曾經(jīng)答應(yīng)過(guò)”，用過(guò)去時(shí)；第二空表示“到目前為止還未出現(xiàn)”用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，turn up在這里表示“露面、到來(lái)”。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)The probl

18、ems discussed at the meeting _ unsolved.A. were remained B. have remainedC. are remaining D. remain D 根據(jù)句子的意思可知，“會(huì)上討論的問(wèn)題仍然未得到解決”，其中remain為系動(dòng)詞，表示“仍然是，還是”。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)5、on the / ones way to (doing) 在路上，即將Look at Ronnie. Hes on the way to getting his boss mad again. 你瞧瞧Ronnie，他又要惹老板生氣了。We are warned tha

19、t a hurricane is on_the_way. 我們得到警報(bào)，一場(chǎng)颶風(fēng)正刮過(guò)來(lái)。重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)in a way 在某種程度上by the way 順便說(shuō)一說(shuō)，提一提in no way 決不by way of 經(jīng)由，取道in this / that way 以這 / 那種方式in the way 礙事，擋道重重 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 短短 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)He claimed that _ would he give up the chance to compete with the top opponents.A. on the way B. in a wayC. in no way D. in thi

20、s way C 根據(jù)空格后的倒裝可以看出這時(shí)需要用否定詞，in no way表示“決不”。疑疑 難難 句句 型型1、on the one hand， on the other hand 一方面，另一方面。常用來(lái)陳述相反的兩種意見或情況。On the one hand, some people believe in the existence of the monster. On the other hand, there is still no proof.一方面，一些人相信有怪物存在，另一方面，又沒有證據(jù)。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表示意見不同或相對(duì)時(shí)，常用： however, on

21、 the contrary, while, as a contrast, whereas等。疑疑 難難 句句 型型I would like a job which pays more, but _ I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment.A. for another thing B. in other wordsC. however D. on the other hand D 這里是兩種相對(duì)立的情況。A項(xiàng)用于for one thing, for another (thing) “其一，其二”，表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系；B項(xiàng)的意思是“換句話說(shuō)”；而C項(xiàng)不與but連用

22、。疑疑 難難 句句 型型一方面我想和他一起去看電影，而另一方面我又不得不待在家里照看妹妹。（漢譯英）On the one hand, I would like to go to the cinema with him, but on the other hand, I have to stay at home to look after my sister.疑疑 難難 句句 型型2、We could produce a monster, or even a superhuman race that could one day end up replacing us. 我們可能會(huì)制造出一個(gè)怪物，

23、甚至是一個(gè)最終有一天會(huì)取代我們?nèi)祟惖某祟愇锓N。 end up 以告終，后可接現(xiàn)在分詞。疑疑 難難 句句 型型You can end up running the company if you play your cards right. 如果你處理得當(dāng)，到頭來(lái)你能當(dāng)上公司老總。10% of the forest animals will end_up_shot by humans. 百分之十的森林動(dòng)物最終會(huì)被人類槍殺。If you waste your money like this, you will end in debt. 如果你總是這么揮霍，你會(huì)背上一身債的。He ended_up_

24、as_a_postman. 他最終做了個(gè)郵遞員。疑疑 難難 句句 型型The expedition to the Indian Ocean, hoping to find some new lands, _ in disaster.A. was ended B. was ended upC. ended up D. ended C 這里表示“以告終”，且end up 一般不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。疑疑 難難 句句 型型3、 To conclude, I urge you to seek the opinions of the people of the UK on this matter so we c

25、an end this immoral practice immediately. 總之，我強(qiáng)烈建議你們?nèi)チ私庖幌掠?guó)公眾對(duì)這件事的看法，這樣我們能立刻結(jié)束這種不道德的做法。 (1) conclude vi. & vt. 總結(jié)，下結(jié)論，結(jié)束The doctors concluded that this was a new disease. 醫(yī)生們得出結(jié)論，這是一種新病例。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 (1) conclusion n. 結(jié)論 come to / arrive to / draw / reach a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 (2) 用來(lái)對(duì)前文進(jìn)行總結(jié)的詞除了to conclud

26、e外還有to sum up, to summarize, in a word, in one word, in summary, in conclusion, all in all, in brief等。疑疑 難難 句句 型型After a long discussion, they at last _ a conclusion that the experiment should be continued.A. made B. formedC. discovered D. drew D draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論。疑疑 難難 句句 型型(2) urge sb. to do

27、督促某人做，力勸某人做Her father urged her to study physics. 她爸爸強(qiáng)烈地建議她學(xué)物理。He urged me to work on, but I refused because I was too tired. 他勸我繼續(xù)工作，但我拒絕了，因?yàn)槲姨哿恕y best friend urged that I(should)_apply_for the job. 我最好的朋友建議我申請(qǐng)這份工作。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 urge sb. to do / into doing 督促某人做 urge sb. not to do / out of doing 力勸

28、某人不做 類似的詞還有：persuade sb. to do / into doingpersuade sb. not to do / out of doingreason sb. to do / into doingreason sb. not to do / out of doing urge n. 強(qiáng)烈的欲望，迫切的要求 urgent adj.緊急的，催促的疑疑 難難 句句 型型4、 Not everything that is best for nature is good for people. 并非所有對(duì)自然有益的東西都對(duì)人類有益.not every / everynot也是部分否

29、定句型，表示“并非每個(gè)都”。Not every film directed by Zhang Yimou is interesting.Every film directed by Zhang Yimou is not interesting. 并非張藝謀導(dǎo)演的每一部電影都有趣。 此外，not all / allnot 并非所有的都，構(gòu)成部分否定句式。疑疑 難難 句句 型型Not all the students will go to the movies tonight. / All the students will not go to the movies tonight. 并非所有的學(xué)

30、生今晚都去看電影。 同時(shí)，not both / bothnot也是部分否定句型，表示“并非兩者都”。Not both of your answers are right. / Both of your answers are not right. 并非你的兩個(gè)答案都正確。疑疑 難難 句句 型型 如果要表示全部否定，則常用以下句型：none of， no one / nobody / nothing，或neither疑疑 難難 句句 型型并非每個(gè)女孩都愛漂亮的衣服。 Not all the girls like beautiful clothes.我們沒有足夠的書給每一個(gè)人，有些人將共用。 We havent enough books for everybody; some of them will have to share.