高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 語法突破 第13講 虛擬語氣課件 北師大版

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1、類型類型構(gòu)成或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例用于簡用于簡單句中單句中hope，expect，think，mean，plan，want，intend，suppose等動(dòng)詞的等動(dòng)詞的“過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)”或或它們的它們的“過去時(shí)不定式的過去時(shí)不定式的完成時(shí)完成時(shí)”表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或用途的希望、打算或用途W(wǎng)e hoped to have stayed there a week. We had hoped to stay there a week.“if only陳述句陳述句”表示現(xiàn)在的表示現(xiàn)在的愿望用過去時(shí)；表示過去的愿愿望用過去時(shí)；表示過去的愿望用過去完成時(shí)；表示將來

2、的望用過去完成時(shí)；表示將來的愿望用愿望用would/could doIf only I were a bird！If only we had listened to their advice.類型類型構(gòu)成或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例用于狀語用于狀語從句中從句中與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If主語動(dòng)詞過去式主語動(dòng)詞過去式(be的的形式一律用形式一律用were)；主句主；主句主語語should/would/could/might動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.與過去事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反If主語主語had過去分詞，過去分詞，

3、主句主語主句主語should/would/could/might have過去分詞過去分詞If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt have failed in the examination.類型類型構(gòu)成或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例用于狀語用于狀語從句中從句中與將來事實(shí)相反與將來事實(shí)相反If主語動(dòng)詞過去式主語動(dòng)詞過去式/should動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形/were to動(dòng)詞原形，主句主語動(dòng)詞原形，主句主語would/should/could/might動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形If he were here this evening，we would play car

4、ds. If she were to marry Jack，she would be happy. If she should know it，she would tell me.as if/though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句及從句及even if/though引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中：讓步狀語從句中：過去時(shí)過去時(shí)表現(xiàn)在表現(xiàn)在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)表過去表過去could/might/would動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形形表將來表將來He talks as if he knew all about it. Even if he were here，he co

5、uldnt solve the problem.類型類型構(gòu)成或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例用于定用于定語從句語從句中中用于賓用于賓語從句語從句中中在在It is(high)time(that).句型句型中，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過中，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或去式或should動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。(其其中中should不可省略不可省略)此句型意為此句型意為“(現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在)該該”，用來表示建，用來表示建議議It is(high)time that you went/should go to school.wish賓語從句的虛擬語氣有賓語從句的虛擬語氣有三種表達(dá)方法：三種表達(dá)方法：過去時(shí)過去時(shí)表現(xiàn)

6、在表現(xiàn)在過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)表過去表過去could/would/might動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形表將來表將來I wish she were here. I wish you had come to the lecture. I wish I could fly to the moon some day.類型類型構(gòu)成或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例用于賓語用于賓語從句中從句中用于表示要求，命令，建用于表示要求，命令，建議，意圖，決定，推薦等意議，意圖，決定，推薦等意義的動(dòng)詞，如義的動(dòng)詞，如order，require，demand，suggest，advise，propose，command，reque

7、st，insist，recommend等后接賓語從句等后接賓語從句時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞為時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞為(should)動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形The teacher ordered that all of the students be here on time. He insisted that we(should) attend the meeting.would rather(would sooner)后的賓語從句，謂語用一般后的賓語從句，謂語用一般過去時(shí)表現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅倪^去時(shí)表現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖?。如談到過去的動(dòng)作，則事。如談到過去的動(dòng)作，則用過去完成時(shí)用過去完成時(shí)Id rather you

8、paid the money yourself. Id rather you hadnt done that.類型類型構(gòu)成或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例用于主語用于主語從句中從句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/possible/best/better/ strange/natural/essential/a pitythat從句，從句中從句，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用的謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till

9、next week. It is strange that he(should)have acted towards his parents like that.用于表語用于表語從句和同從句和同位語從句位語從句中中在在suggestion，proposal，order，request，advice等等名詞后的表語從句和同位名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣。語從句中要用虛擬語氣。其構(gòu)成是其構(gòu)成是“(should)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形”My suggestion is that you(should)visit China. We all agreed to his suggestion t

10、hat we(should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.類型類型構(gòu)成或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例用于表語用于表語從句和同從句和同位語從句位語從句中中as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句過去時(shí)過去時(shí)表現(xiàn)在表現(xiàn)在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)表過去表過去could/might/would動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形形表將來表將來It looks as if he were 10 years younger today. It looks as if he hadnt had a meal for a week. It looks a

11、s if he could live for another century.特別提醒特別提醒條件句中有條件句中有were，had，should時(shí)，若省略時(shí)，若省略if，則需把，則需把were，had，should放在主語前，構(gòu)成放在主語前，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果省略的條件句倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果省略的條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞是否定形式，不能的謂語動(dòng)詞是否定形式，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.() Werent it for the expense，I would go abroad now.()類型類型構(gòu)成

12、或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例特別特別提醒提醒虛擬條件句和主句動(dòng)作若發(fā)虛擬條件句和主句動(dòng)作若發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，主句和從生的時(shí)間不一致，主句和從句的謂語要根據(jù)各自所指的句的謂語要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語不同時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣形式，這種句子叫作錯(cuò)綜氣形式，這種句子叫作錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句時(shí)間條件句If I were you，I wouldnt have missed the film last night.(現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過去過去) If they had left home in early morning，they would arrive in half an hour.(過去過去將

13、來將來)特別特別提醒提醒有時(shí)虛擬條件不用從句，而有時(shí)虛擬條件不用從句，而是通過上下文或用介詞短語是通過上下文或用介詞短語等表示出來，這種句子叫含等表示出來，這種句子叫含蓄虛擬條件句。常用的介詞蓄虛擬條件句。常用的介詞有有with，without，but for，otherwise等等But for your help，we couldnt have succeeded. Without electricity life would be quite different today. I was ill that day，otherwise，I would have taken part in

14、the sports meet. A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.類型類型構(gòu)成或用法構(gòu)成或用法典句示例典句示例特別特別提醒提醒當(dāng)當(dāng)suggest作作“暗示，表暗示，表明明”，insist作作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為為”表示意見、看法解表示意見、看法解時(shí)，從句要用陳述語氣時(shí)，從句要用陳述語氣Janes pale face suggested that she was ill，and her parents suggested that she(should)have a medical examination.as if/though既可引導(dǎo)方式既可引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)表語狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)表語從句，有時(shí)用陳述語氣；從句，有時(shí)用陳述語氣；有時(shí)則用虛擬語氣有時(shí)則用虛擬語氣It looks as if its going to rain.(陳述語氣陳述語氣) He speaks English as if he were from Britain.(虛擬虛擬語氣語氣) He looks as if a ghost were running after him now.(虛擬語氣虛擬語氣)