高考英語(yǔ)第一輪 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理復(fù)習(xí)Unit1 Great Scientists課件 新人教版必修5

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1、必修五Unit 1Great scientistsadj.顯著的；1characteristic n特征；特性；特色；典型獨(dú)特的2conclude vt.& vi.結(jié)束；推斷出3analyse vt.分析4defeat vt.打敗，戰(zhàn)勝，使受挫n失敗5attend vt.照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加；伴隨；陪伴6expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光7control vt.控制；操縱；支配；管理n控制；支配；管理；指導(dǎo)；限制8valuable adj.值錢(qián)的；貴重的；有用的；有價(jià)值的n(常 pl.)貴重物品9blame vt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；歸咎n過(guò)失；責(zé)備；責(zé)難10announce vt.宣布；通告1

2、1contribute vt.& vi.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助12reject vt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄adj.顯著的；1characteristic n特征；特性；特色；典型獨(dú)特的例句Such bluntness has been characteristic of him.他的特性一直是非常直率。派生搭配注意character n特性；特征；(人的)品質(zhì)be characteristic of.是的特性characteristic 是可數(shù)名詞，而 character 作“特性；特征”講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。運(yùn)用完成句子(1)他的學(xué)習(xí)方法是獨(dú)特的。His method of study was_.(2)

3、他的個(gè)性體現(xiàn)在他的文章中。His _ came through in his writing.characteristiccharacter2conclude vt.& vi.結(jié)束；推斷出例句The meeting concluded at 8 oclock.會(huì)議在八點(diǎn)鐘結(jié)束。派生搭配conclusion n結(jié)論；終結(jié)conclude (sth.) with.用結(jié)束(某事)conclude.from.從中推斷出conclude to do sth./that-clause 決定做某事draw/come to a conclusion 得出結(jié)論運(yùn)用完成句子(1)會(huì)議將以國(guó)歌結(jié)束。The meet

4、ing will _the National Anthem.(2)從這些事實(shí)中你可推斷出什么？What do you _these facts?(3)我們決定幫助任何有困難的人。We _help anyone that is in trouble.(4)他根據(jù)這個(gè)理論得出了結(jié)論。He _according to the theory.conclude withconclude fromconclude todrew/came to a conclusion3attend vt.照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加；伴隨；陪伴例句All her friends attended her wedding.她所有

5、的朋友都出席了她的婚禮。搭配attend sth.出席；參加attend to sth.注意；關(guān)心；仔細(xì)考慮attend on sb.看護(hù)/照料/照看某人運(yùn)用完成句子(1)有很多人出席了會(huì)議。The meeting was well _.(2)如果你工作不專(zhuān)心，你就不會(huì)成功。If you dont_ your work, you wont succeed.(3)珍多年來(lái)一直在照料她那有病的母親。Jane have been _ her sick mother for years.attendedattend toattending onn控制；支配；4control vt.控制；操縱；支配；管

6、理管理；指導(dǎo)；限制例句At that time the Romans controlled a vast empire.那時(shí)羅馬人統(tǒng)治著一個(gè)很大的帝國(guó)。Dont worry, we have everything under control.別擔(dān)心，一切都在我們掌控之中。搭配in control of 控制；支配in the control of.in ones control 在控制下under control 在掌控之中l(wèi)ose control of 失控；對(duì)失去控制運(yùn)用完成句子教師必須負(fù)責(zé)管好他的班，學(xué)生應(yīng)該受老師控制，否則教學(xué)就會(huì)失敗。A teacher must be _ his c

7、lass and the studentsshould be_.If the teacher_ it,the teaching will fail.in control ofin the teachers controlloses control ofn5valuable adj.值錢(qián)的；貴重的；有用的；有價(jià)值的(常 pl.)貴重物品例句He bought me a valuable diamond ring as a birthdaypresent.他給我買(mǎi)了一只貴重的鉆戒作生日禮物。派生搭配value n價(jià)值；估價(jià)；評(píng)價(jià)；(數(shù))值be valuable to sb./for sb./sth

8、.對(duì)有益/有價(jià)值be of great value (to sb./sth.) (對(duì))很有價(jià)值運(yùn)用完成句子(1)這本書(shū)會(huì)對(duì)我工作很有用。The book_ me in mywork.(2)這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)很有價(jià)值。This discovery is_ to our experiment.will be very valuable to/of great value toof great valuen過(guò)失；(對(duì)失敗等的)6blame vt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；歸咎責(zé)備；責(zé)難例句I do not blame you, but I blame myself.我不怪你，我怪我自己。搭配blame sb.f

9、or (doing) sth.責(zé)備某人(做了)某事blame sth.on sb.把某事歸咎于某人身上be to blame (for.) 應(yīng)受譴責(zé)take the blame for 承擔(dān)的責(zé)任lay/put blame on 把歸咎于運(yùn)用完成句子(1)因?yàn)楹偷艿艽蚣?，大家都?zé)備這個(gè)男孩。Everyone _ the boy _ fighting with his brother.(2)不能把一切錯(cuò)誤都?xì)w咎于他。We cant _ the mistakes_ him alone.(3)男子漢，大丈夫，一人做事一人當(dāng)。A man should have the courage to_ what

10、 hedoes.blamedforblameontake the blame for用本單元所學(xué)單詞及用法完成下列句子1誠(chéng)實(shí)是他的特性。Honesty is_ him.2附近的化工廠污染了這條河流。The chemical factory nearby has _ the river.3她從沒(méi)照看過(guò)自己的孩子。She has never_ her kids.4從以上的事實(shí)中，我們不難得出結(jié)論：財(cái)富并不等于幸福。From the above facts,it is easy to_that wealth is not equal to happiness.characteristic ofpol

11、lutedattended ondraw/come to a conclusion5期末考試的成績(jī)已揭曉。The result of the final examination_.6許多孩子害怕因講英語(yǔ)時(shí)犯錯(cuò)誤而被責(zé)備。Many children are afraid of _making mistakesin speaking English.7不久火勢(shì)就被控制住了。It didnt take long before the fire was_.8他們?cè)谧闱虮荣愔泄焦刳A了我們。They _fair and square in the football match.9我相信新鮮的空氣有助

12、于健康。Im sure plenty of fresh air _ good health.10他提供的線(xiàn)索很有價(jià)值。The clue he offered is_.has been announcedbeing blamed forunder controldefeated uscontributes tovaluable/of great value1put forward 提出；推薦，提名；提前，把(時(shí)鐘)往前撥2apart from 除之外；此外3(be) strict with sb.對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格的4make sense 講得通；有意義；有道理1put forward 提出；推薦，提名

13、；提前，把(時(shí)鐘)往前撥例句He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.他在會(huì)上提出了一個(gè)很好的建議。拓展put oneself/sb.forward 自薦或提名或推薦某人為某職位的候選人put sth.forward 提出；提前，把(時(shí)鐘)往前撥put away 把放好/收好put off 推遲；延遲put out 熄滅put up 建立；建造put down 寫(xiě)下來(lái)，記入名單；結(jié)束，抑制put on 穿衣服put through 做成；接通電話(huà)put up with 忍受運(yùn)用完成句子(1)他提出了一個(gè)新計(jì)劃。He _ a new

14、 plan.(2)我不知道他的父母是如何忍受他的行為的。I dont know how his parents_ his behavior.(3)今天可以享受的事情，不要拖到明天去。Do not _ till tomorrow what can be enjoyed today.put forwardput up withput off2apart from (except for) 除之外；(besides) 此外例句Apart from a few words, I do not know any French atall.除了很少的幾個(gè)句子外，我對(duì)法語(yǔ)一無(wú)所知。拓展運(yùn)用in additi

15、on tobesides/as well as 除此之外；此外完成句子(1)除了一些小的紕漏外，這項(xiàng)工作做得很好。The work is good _ a few slight faults.(2)除了名單上的名字之外，還有六個(gè)申請(qǐng)人。_the names on the list, thereare six other applicants.except for/apart fromIn addition to/Besides/As well as3(be) strict with sb.對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格的例句My parents are often strict with me.我父母親經(jīng)常對(duì)我嚴(yán)

16、格要求。拓展運(yùn)用be strict in sth.對(duì)某事嚴(yán)格的完成句子胡老師對(duì)工作要求嚴(yán)格，對(duì)我們學(xué)生也嚴(yán)格要求。Mr.Hu is _ his work and is also _ us students.strict instrict with4make sense 講得通，有意義；有道理例句Does it make sense to let children play with matches？讓小孩玩火柴有意義嗎？拓展運(yùn)用make no sense 講不通；沒(méi)道理完成句子你說(shuō)的話(huà)沒(méi)有道理。What you said_.makes no sense用本單元所學(xué)短語(yǔ)及用法完成下列句子1他剛才

17、所說(shuō)的很有意義，我認(rèn)為我們都應(yīng)該認(rèn)真想想他的建議。What he said just now_, and I think we should takehis suggestions seriously.2當(dāng)老年人暴露在被污染的空氣或水中，他們很可能會(huì)生病。When the aged people _ polluted air or water,they are likely to get sick.made senseare exposed to3除了結(jié)局，這個(gè)電影確實(shí)不錯(cuò)。_the ending, it is a really good film.4我希望老師對(duì)我們的學(xué)習(xí)嚴(yán)格要求。I hop

18、e the teachers _us _ our study.5以我的觀點(diǎn)看，一個(gè)人不練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)就不能把它學(xué)好。From my_, one cant study English well withoutpracticing speaking it.6在會(huì)上你應(yīng)該提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。You are supposed to _your own idea at the meeting.7從地圖上，你可以看到這個(gè)島嶼與那個(gè)島嶼相連。From the map, you can see this island_that one.Apart from/Except forare strict withinpoi

19、nt of viewput forwardlinked to/connectedto/joined to原句 1So many thousands of terrified people died everytime there was an outbreak.每次瘟疫爆發(fā)，數(shù)以千計(jì)的人在恐懼中死去。精講every time 在此引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“每次，每當(dāng)”，類(lèi)似地， immediately, the moment, instantly 等也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一就”。精練根據(jù)中文提示，完成下列句子(1)每次我去找他，他都在專(zhuān)心看書(shū)。_I went to see him, he

20、 was absorbed in reading.(2)我一見(jiàn)到她就把這本書(shū)給了她。I gave the book to her _I sawher.原句 2 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar systemwith the planets going round it and only the moon still going roundthe earth.他把太陽(yáng)固定在太陽(yáng)系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)，只有月球在一直圍繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。Every timethe moment/immediately/instantly語(yǔ)。精講

21、精練“with賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞”復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常在句中作狀根據(jù)中文提示，完成下列句子(1)當(dāng)你步入校園，在你面前是一個(gè)種著各種花草的大花壇。When you enter the school, you can see in front of you a bigflower bed _ various kinds of flowers and grass_.(2)我們看到的從深紅色到深紫色的光，在日常生活中為我們服務(wù)。The light we see, _deep red to deepviolet, serves us in daily lives.withgrowing in itwith its c

22、olors ranging from運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，補(bǔ)充完整下面短文，并背誦之Throughout history,scientists have (1)_(做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)) to the world.In my opinion, scientists are those who (2) _(嚴(yán)格要求) their work and are always (3) _ ( 專(zhuān)注于) everythingthey do.A good scientist never jumps to a conclusion.Instead, he(4) _( 小心謹(jǐn)慎) every conclusion he

23、 draws so that hedoes experiments (5) _( 一 次 又 一 次 ) to test themade great contributionsare strict in absorbed inis cautious of again and again theory he has (6)_ ( 提出) Scientists (7)_( 牢記) that a theory (8) _( 毫無(wú)意義) if it cant helpthe world that is (9)_ ( 暴 露 在 ) unexpected dangers.Inaddition, a go

24、od theory must be a base on which other ideas can bebuilt.Because of this, its not rare for us to find scientists who(10) _(一生奉獻(xiàn)給) a universal theory.put forwardkeep it in mindmakes no senseexposed to devote all their life to 聽(tīng)說(shuō)考試“故事復(fù)述”備考指導(dǎo)(四)4“故事復(fù)述”注意事項(xiàng)(1)抓住套路，套用模板。故事的線(xiàn)索離不開(kāi)“起因、經(jīng)過(guò)、結(jié)果”，若含有對(duì)故事中心思想的點(diǎn)撥，

25、在復(fù)述時(shí)也要概括。例：( 原文) That day, I saw the patience of a young wife describingpaintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband whowould not allow blindness to change his life.And I saw the love sharedby the two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.作者通常會(huì)在故事的末尾簡(jiǎn)單點(diǎn)撥該故事的思想意義，

26、考生在復(fù)述時(shí)也要簡(jiǎn)單提及，這樣才能體現(xiàn)故事的完整性。概括中心思想時(shí)，可嘗試抓住原文的名詞或形容詞，如本文的中心思想關(guān)鍵詞是 “patience, courage, love”。參考答案：On the very day, I learn the patience of a young wife, thecourage of a man without sight and the love shared by a couple.(2)使用間接引語(yǔ)復(fù)述故事中的對(duì)話(huà)。復(fù)述時(shí)，可使用間接引語(yǔ)概括對(duì)話(huà)的主要內(nèi)容，這樣既客觀又簡(jiǎn)練?？忌伸`活使用一些表示“說(shuō)”“知道、得知”的動(dòng)詞及其賓語(yǔ)從句引出對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容。如

27、：say, tell sb.that, ask sb.疑問(wèn)詞， add that ( 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)), shout to sb.that, learn from sb.that,know that, realize that 等。(3)理清人物關(guān)系。故事類(lèi)的文章經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)多個(gè)人物、人物對(duì)話(huà)以及人物的心理描述等，考生要分清人物關(guān)系以及他們各自所說(shuō)的話(huà)。在對(duì)話(huà)中，不一定每個(gè)人物說(shuō)話(huà)前都會(huì)出現(xiàn) “the man said, the ladyreplied”等旁白，因此學(xué)生要根據(jù)情節(jié)與邏輯，理清故事的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。(4)態(tài)度要客觀，忠誠(chéng)于原文?？忌陀^地復(fù)述故事，以事論事，不能增加原文沒(méi)提及的信息，不能改變故事

28、的發(fā)展情節(jié)，不能對(duì)故事發(fā)表個(gè)人主觀的意見(jiàn)或建議。但必須注意，若故事以第一人稱(chēng) “I”進(jìn)行復(fù)述，不必改寫(xiě)為 “the author, the writer”?；A(chǔ)思路點(diǎn)撥五記敘文寫(xiě)作技巧記敘文是記人敘事的文章，它主要是用于說(shuō)明事件的時(shí)間、背景、起因、過(guò)程及結(jié)果，即我們通常所說(shuō)的五個(gè)“W”(what,who, when, where, why) 和一個(gè)“H”(how) 。記敘文的重點(diǎn)在于“述說(shuō)”和“描寫(xiě)”，因此一篇好的記敘文要敘述條理清楚，描寫(xiě)生動(dòng)形象。一、記敘文的特點(diǎn)1敘述的人稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)的記敘文一般是以第一或第三人稱(chēng)的角度來(lái)敘述的。2.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)記敘文中用得最多的是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)，這是英語(yǔ)記敘文區(qū)別于

29、漢語(yǔ)記敘文的關(guān)鍵之處。英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的優(yōu)美之處就在于這些動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化，正是這一點(diǎn)才使得所記、所敘有鮮活的動(dòng)態(tài)感、鮮明的層次感和立體感。3.敘述的順序記敘一件事要有一定的順序。無(wú)論是順敘、倒敘、插敘還是補(bǔ)敘，都要讓讀者能弄清事情的來(lái)龍去脈。順敘最容易操作，較容易給讀者提供有關(guān)事情的空間和時(shí)間線(xiàn)索。但這種方法也容易使文章顯得平鋪直敘，讀起來(lái)平淡乏味。倒敘、插敘、補(bǔ)敘等敘述方法能有效地提高文章的結(jié)構(gòu)效果，讓所敘之事跌宕起伏，使讀者在閱讀時(shí)思維產(chǎn)生較大的跳躍，從而為文章所吸引，深入其中。4.敘述的過(guò)渡過(guò)渡在上下文中起著承上啟下、融會(huì)貫通的作用。過(guò)渡往往用在地點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移或時(shí)間、事件轉(zhuǎn)換以及由概括說(shuō)明到具體敘述時(shí)

30、。二、寫(xiě)好記敘文的基本要領(lǐng)1.頭緒分明，脈絡(luò)清楚寫(xiě)好記敘文，首先要頭緒分明，脈絡(luò)清楚，明確文章要求寫(xiě)什么。要對(duì)所寫(xiě)的事件或人物進(jìn)行分析，弄清事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展一直到結(jié)束的整個(gè)過(guò)程，然后再選取素材。這些素材都應(yīng)該跟上述五個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”有關(guān)。盡管不是每篇記敘文里都必須包括這些“W”和“H”，但動(dòng)筆之前，圍繞五個(gè)“W”和“H”進(jìn)行構(gòu)思是必不可少的。2.突出中心，詳略得當(dāng)在文章的框架確定后，對(duì)支持故事的素材的選取是很關(guān)鍵的。選材要注意取舍，應(yīng)該從表現(xiàn)文章主題的需要出發(fā)，分清主次，定好詳略。要突出重點(diǎn)，詳寫(xiě)細(xì)述那些能表現(xiàn)文章主題的重要情節(jié)，略寫(xiě)粗述那些非關(guān)鍵的次要情節(jié)。面面俱到反而使情節(jié)羅列化，使人不得要領(lǐng)。