2020版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 22 Environmental Protection講義 北師大版選修8.doc

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Unit 22 Environmental Protection (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意 1．ecology n．　　　　　　　　　 生態(tài) 2．botanical adj. 植物的 3．consultant n. 顧問(wèn) 4．corrupt adj. 貪污受賄的，腐敗的 5．conservation n. 保護(hù) 6．consensus n. 一致的意見(jiàn) 7．species n. 　[縱聯(lián)1] (動(dòng)植物的)物種 8．habitat n. 棲息地 9．enforce vt. 實(shí)施，執(zhí)行 10．scale n. 規(guī)模，范圍 11．evolution n. (生物)進(jìn)化 Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——————寫(xiě)其形 1．endanger vt. 危害 2．trap vt. 使困住 3．principle n. [縱聯(lián)2] 原則，道德準(zhǔn)則 4．beyond prep. 超出 5．relevant adj. 有關(guān)的 6．coincidence n. 巧合 7．condemn vt. 迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地 8．sacrifice vt. & vi. 犧牲；獻(xiàn)出 9．a(chǎn)dvocate vt. 主張，提倡 10．recycle vt. 回收利用 11．substitute n. 代替品，代用品 12．seize vt. 依法沒(méi)收；(用武力)奪取 13．behalf n. 代表 14．means n. [縱聯(lián)3] 方法 15．flee vt.& vi. 逃走 16．potential n. 可能性，潛在性 17．claim vt. 聲稱 18．a(chǎn)rm vt. 　[縱聯(lián)4] 武裝 19．carve vt. & vi. 雕刻 Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變 1．extinct adj.滅絕的，絕種的→extinction n．滅絕，絕種 2．fashionable adj.流行的，時(shí)髦的→fashion n．流行，時(shí)尚 3．separation n．分離，分開(kāi)→separate adj.分開(kāi)的v.分離，分開(kāi) 4．construct vt.建造→construction n．建造 5．considerate adj.想得周到的，體貼的→consider vt.考慮→consideration n．考慮→considering prep.考慮到；鑒于 6．a(chǎn)dopt vt.采用；收養(yǎng)→adoption n．收養(yǎng)；采用→adopted adj.收養(yǎng)的 7．reservation n．預(yù)訂；保留；保護(hù)→reserve n．保護(hù)區(qū) vt.保留；預(yù)訂→reserved adj.預(yù)訂的，保留的 8．a(chǎn)griculture n．農(nóng)業(yè)→agricultural adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的 9．changeable adj.多變的→change n. & v．變化 10．finance n．資金→financial adj.財(cái)政的；金融的 11．a(chǎn)llocate vt.分配，配給→allocation n．分配，配給 12．calculate vt.計(jì)算，算出→calculation n．計(jì)算→calculator n．計(jì)算器 縱聯(lián)1.“環(huán)境”相關(guān)詞一覽 ①species n．物種 ②reserve n．保護(hù)區(qū) ③conservation n．保護(hù) ④resource n．資源 ⑤recycle v．回收利用 縱聯(lián)2.“相似詞”小結(jié) ①dessert 甜點(diǎn)→desert 舍棄 ②tissue 組織→issue 問(wèn)題；發(fā)行 ③affect v．影響→effect n．影響 ④principle 原則→principal 校長(zhǎng) ⑤borrow 借→sorrow 悲痛 ⑥wander 漫步→wonder 想知道 縱聯(lián)3.“方法，途徑”種種 ①means n．方法 ②way n．方法 ③approach n．方法；途徑 ④method n．方法 縱聯(lián)4.“熟詞生義”忠義堂 ①arm vt.武裝 ②address vt.發(fā)表演說(shuō) ③develop v．沖印 ④escape v．被忘掉；被忽視 ⑤fail v．不足；缺乏 ⑥kill v．消磨(時(shí)間) ⑦h(yuǎn)it n．成功；紅極一時(shí)的人或事 單元話題——環(huán)境保護(hù) 子話題1　環(huán)境污染的因素 ①pollute vt.污染 ②radiation n．放射，放射物 ③rubbish n．垃圾；廢物 ④litter v．亂丟雜物 ⑤carbon dioxide二氧化碳 ⑥damage n．& vt.毀壞，損害 ⑦smelly adj.有臭味的；發(fā)出臭味的 子話題2　保護(hù)環(huán)境的措施 ①prevent vt.阻止，防止，預(yù)防 ②forbid vt.禁止 ③punish vt.懲罰 ④reduce vt.減少 ⑤replace vt.取代 ⑥protect vt.保護(hù) ⑦environmentallyfriendly adj.環(huán)保的 [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用 1．(2015浙江高考閱讀C)Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from? our evolutionary? and cultural heritage — the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale? of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge of our galaxy — arching overhead. ①寫(xiě)出加黑短語(yǔ)在本單元的同義名詞：separation ②寫(xiě)出加黑詞在本單元的同根名詞：evolution ③寫(xiě)出加黑詞在此處的漢語(yǔ)意思：規(guī)模，加黑詞所在句中短語(yǔ)lose sight of意為看不見(jiàn) 2．(2015陜西高考閱讀C)The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change? in how coffee is grown from shadegrown production to fullsun production endangers? the very existence of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the worlds ecological? balance. ①寫(xiě)出加黑詞在本單元的同根形容詞：changeable，加黑詞除“變化”的意思外，還有零錢(qián)的意思 ②寫(xiě)出加黑詞在此處的漢語(yǔ)意思：危害 ③寫(xiě)出加黑詞在本單元的同根名詞：ecology 3．(2009湖北高考閱讀B)Now that many species? of parrot are in immediate danger of dying out?， biologists are working together to study the natural history and the behaviour of this family of birds.Last year was an important turning point: conservationists? founded the World Parrot Trust, based at Hayle in Cornwall, to support research into both wild and caged birds. ①寫(xiě)出加黑詞在此處的漢語(yǔ)意思：(動(dòng)植物的)物種，加黑詞為單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞還有means(手段)，works(工廠)，sheep(綿羊)，deer(鹿)等 ②寫(xiě)出加黑短語(yǔ)在本單元的同義形容詞：extinct ③寫(xiě)出加黑詞在本單元的同根名詞：conservation 高考采擷(二)　寫(xiě)作中的詞匯應(yīng)用 (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)及提示詞翻譯句子) 1．(2016天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá))我謹(jǐn)代表我們的學(xué)校向你們表達(dá)我的感情。(behalf) On_behalf_of_our_school,_I_would_like_to_express_my_feelings_to_you. 2．(2014浙江高考書(shū)面表達(dá))通?？破疹悎D書(shū)用一種簡(jiǎn)單而有趣的方式解釋自然的基本原則。(principle) Usually_popular_science_books_explain_basic_principles_of_nature_in_a_simple_and_interesting_way. 3．(2012湖北高考書(shū)面表達(dá))雖然在破舊的(shabby)校園和設(shè)施簡(jiǎn)陋的教室里我感到失望，但是我發(fā)現(xiàn)老師們耐心又體貼。(considerate) Disappointed_as_I_felt_at_the_shabby_campus_and_the_poorlyequipped_classroom,_I_found_the_teachers_patient_and_considerate. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 1．reserve vt.儲(chǔ)備；保存；保留；預(yù)訂，預(yù)約n.保護(hù)區(qū)；儲(chǔ)備 [辨清]　寫(xiě)出下列句中reserve的詞性及含義 ①I(mǎi) reserve my favorable ments for my former monitor.vt.保留 ②I can not get the book I want but can I reserve it？vt.預(yù)訂 ③It is advisable to keep some food in reserve in case of emergency.n.儲(chǔ)備 ④Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya.n.保護(hù)區(qū) [記牢] (1)reserve sth.for sb./sth.　 為某人/某物保留、預(yù)訂某物 (2)in reserve 貯存；備用 (3)reservation n. 保留；預(yù)訂(房間、座位等) make a reservation 預(yù)訂(座位、房間等) without reserve/reservation　 毫無(wú)保留地 (4)reserved adj. 預(yù)訂的，保留的 be reserved for 留作，(專)供……之用 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ⑤—Have you reserved a room for your friends traveling in your city ahead of time, Mary? —Oh, I forgot to tell you I have made a reservation for them.They will have a reserved room whenever they get there.(reserve) 完成句子 ⑥We always keep some money_in_reserve,_just in case. 我們總是存些錢(qián)，以防萬(wàn)一。 ⑦They supported the measures without_reserve/reservation. 他們毫無(wú)保留地支持這些措施。 一句多譯 你必須提前訂票嗎？ ⑧Do you have to reserve_tickets in advance? (reserve) ⑨Do you have to make_a_reservation_of_tickets in advance? (reservation) [寫(xiě)美] ⑩(2018北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá))我突然意識(shí)到傳統(tǒng)文化如茶文化具有巨大的魅力和價(jià)值。我們應(yīng)該保留并且向全世界的人們傳播我們的文化。 It_suddenly_hit_me_that_traditional_culture_like_tea_culture_was_of_great_charm_and_huge_value.And_we_should_reserve_and_spread_our_own_culture_to_people_all_over_the_world. 2．seize vt.抓住；捉住；(用武力)奪??；依法沒(méi)收 [記牢] seize sth. from sb.　　　　　　 從某人那里奪過(guò)某物 seize sb. by the ... 抓住某人的…… seize on/upon 抓住，利用 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住機(jī)會(huì) [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①Before he could run away, she seized him by the collar. ②Our teacher forbade us to seize on/upon our dictionaries during the test. 完成句子 ③We should seize_the__chance/opportunity_to_work_hard to achieve our goals. 我們應(yīng)抓住機(jī)會(huì)努力實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)。 ④Tom_seized_the_letter_from_her and began to read out loud. 湯姆從她手上把信搶過(guò)去，開(kāi)始大聲朗讀。 [用準(zhǔn)]　seize指突然一把“抓住”某人或某物時(shí)，可直接用被抓的部位作賓語(yǔ)，也可用“seize＋sb./sth.＋by＋the＋部位”結(jié)構(gòu)，但表示部位的名詞前不可用物主代詞。 [寫(xiě)美] ⑤(2015廣東高考書(shū)面表達(dá))我們可以利用唾液樣本來(lái)檢測(cè)人們是否患有主要的疾病。 We_can_seize_on/upon_saliva_sample_to_detect_whether_people_have_major_illnesses. 3．substitute vt.& vi.(用……)替代；取代n.代替品，代用品 [記牢] (1)substitute A for B＝substitute B with/by A 　　　　　　　　　　　 用A代替/取代B substitute for 代替，取代 (2)a substitute for ... ……的替代品 [練通] 完成句子 ①Nothing can substitute_for_hard_work because life is a process of struggle for success. 沒(méi)有什么可以代替努力工作，因?yàn)樯钍且粋€(gè)為成功而奮斗的過(guò)程。 ②The scientists are studying to develop a_substitute_for this kind of medicine. 科學(xué)家們正在研究開(kāi)發(fā)這種藥物的替代品。 一句多譯 這臺(tái)舊電腦壞了。我們必須用新的代替它。 ③The_old_puter_doesnt_work.We_must_substitute_a_new_one_for_it. ④The_old_puter_doesnt_work.We_must_substitute_it_with/by_a_new_one. [寫(xiě)美] ⑤(2014上海高考書(shū)面表達(dá))我了解到我們的英語(yǔ)欄目正在進(jìn)行改革，三個(gè)欄目中的一個(gè)將被一個(gè)新的欄目所取代。 Ive_learned_that_our_English_Post_is_being_reformed_and_a_new_one_will_substitute_for_one_of_the_three_columns. 4．trap vt.使困??；誘捕；誘騙；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套 [辨清]　寫(xiě)出下列句中trap的詞性及含義 ①They had been trapped in the cave for 20 days before rescued. vt.使困住 ②Were you just trying to trap her into making a mistaken decision？ vt.誘騙 ③You can escape from these traps by making the right choice. n.陷阱 ④The police set a trap to catch the thief. n.圈套 [記牢] (1)trap sb. into (doing) sth. 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；誘騙某人(做)某事 be/get trapped in 被困在……中 (2)fall into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套 fall into the trap of doing sth. 落入……的圈套；做某事不明智 set/lay a trap for 為……設(shè)圈套 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ⑤The shopkeeper trapped me into buying (buy) his poor quality milk. ⑥Once you fall into a trap, it will not be easy to get out of it. 完成句子 ⑦He set/laid_a_trap_for_her and she walked straight into it. 他給她設(shè)了個(gè)圈套，她就徑直走了進(jìn)去。 ⑧The brave soldiers were determined to save all the people who_were_trapped_in_the_flood. 勇敢的戰(zhàn)士們決心拯救所有被困在洪水中的人。 ⑨Parents often fall_into_the_trap_of_trying_to_do_everything for their children. 父母經(jīng)常一廂情愿地試圖為子女操辦一切。 [寫(xiě)美] ⑩(2015江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))更糟糕的是，因?yàn)榻陙?lái)越來(lái)越多的汽車，一些司機(jī)、騎自行車的人和行人被困在交通堵塞中。 Whats_worse,_some_drivers,_cyclists_and_pedestrians_are_trapped_in_the_traffic_jams_because_of_the_ever_increasing_number_of_cars_these_years. [聯(lián)想]　表示“被困于……中”的短語(yǔ)還有： ①be/get locked in　　　　 ②be/get stuck in ③be/get caught in ④be/get blocked in 5．threaten vt.威脅，恐嚇 [記牢] (1)threaten sb.with ...　　　　 用……威脅某人 threaten to do sth. 威脅要做某事 threaten that ... 威脅…… (2)threat n. 威脅，恐嚇 a threat to sb./sth. 對(duì)某人或某事的威脅 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①He tied her up and threatened her with a sixinch knife. ②Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment. ③David threatened to_report (report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. 句式升級(jí) ④He was threatened by terrorists and didnt dare to vote for the president.(用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)) →Threatened_by_terrorists,_he_didnt_dare_to_vote_for_the_president. [寫(xiě)美] ⑤(2017浙江高考書(shū)面表達(dá))就在那個(gè)時(shí)候，狼可能感覺(jué)到來(lái)自人的威脅，開(kāi)始撤退。 Just_at_that_time,_the_wolf_might_feel_the_threats_from_the_people,_starting_to_withdraw. 6．a(chǎn)dvocate vt.主張，提倡n.提倡者，擁護(hù)者 [記牢] (1)advocate (doing) sth.　　 提倡/擁護(hù)/支持(做)某事 advocate that ... 主張……[從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 (should＋)動(dòng)詞原形] (2)an advocate of/for ……的提倡者/擁護(hù)者 [練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①He advocated that the children (should)_be_taken (take) good care of in the charity house. ②Many experts in education advocated encouraging (encourage) children for good behavior. ③She has always been an advocate of/for changes to the local economic reform. [寫(xiě)美] ④(2017北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá))畢業(yè)典禮終于到了，我和同學(xué)們都主張做一些有意義的事情。經(jīng)過(guò)激烈的討論，我們同意制作一個(gè)視頻來(lái)記錄我們?cè)趯W(xué)校的經(jīng)歷。 Graduation ceremony finally came.My classmates and I advocated doing something meaningful.After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school. 7．a(chǎn)dopt vt.采用，采納；收養(yǎng) [記牢] (1)adopt a policy/habit　　　 采用某項(xiàng)政策/某種習(xí)慣 adopt ones suggestion/plan/idea 采納某人的建議/計(jì)劃/想法 adopt a method/measures 采用某種方法/采取措施 adopt an orphan 收養(yǎng)孤兒 (2)adopted adj. 收養(yǎng)的 (3)adoption n. 收養(yǎng)；采納 [練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子 ①His adopted (adopt) son was said to be admitted into the key university, which made him very happy. ②Thanks to her adoption (adopt), Mr.White could receive a good education and became an engineer. ③After a heated discussion, we all decided to adopt_measures_to_deal_with_the_contemporary_situation (采取措施來(lái)處理當(dāng)前的情況)． ④After much consideration, we all decided to adopt_my_deskmates_suggestion (采納我同桌的建議)． [用準(zhǔn)]　adopt與adapt詞形相近，但意思不同，adapt 意為“適應(yīng)；改編，改寫(xiě)”。 [寫(xiě)美] ⑤(2014天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá))首先，我們應(yīng)采取科學(xué)的飲食，它能提供身體所需。 First_of_all,_we_should_adopt_a_scientific_diet,_which_provides_the_necessities_for_our_body. 8．means n．方式，方法；手段 [記牢] means of (doing) sth.　 (做)某事的方法、途徑 by means of 借助……的手段 by all means 可以，當(dāng)然行；務(wù)必，一定 by no means 決不(置于句首，句子倒裝) by this means 用這種方法 [練通] 選詞填空(by means of/by all means/by no means/by this means) ①By_no_means can teaching in school be separated from practice. ②We will by_all_means realize our dreams as long as we stick to them and work hard. ③By_means_of the Internet, we can gain plenty of useful information. ④Only by_this_means can you get in touch with your classmates. 一句多譯 各種可能的辦法都嘗試了，但沒(méi)有一種奏效。 ⑤Every_possible_means_has_been_tried,_but none worked.(means 為單數(shù)名詞) ⑥All_possible_means_have_been_tried,_but none worked.(means 為復(fù)數(shù)名詞) [用準(zhǔn)]　(1)當(dāng)means表示“方法，方式，手段”時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形。means作主語(yǔ)且有every, each, one等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；有some, several, many, few, all等詞修飾時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 (2)“(做)……的方法”的表達(dá)還有：the approach to (doing) sth.; the way to do/of (doing) sth.; the method of (doing) sth.等。 [寫(xiě)美] ⑦(2015重慶高考書(shū)面表達(dá))通過(guò)定向分享，我只需要把書(shū)傳遞給其他參與者。書(shū)不僅能夠共享，還可以搭建一座連接世界各地讀者的橋梁。 By_means_of_controlled_release,_I_only_need_to_deliver_books_to_other_participants.Not_only_are_books_shared_but_they_can_build_up_a_bridge_connecting_readers_from_different_parts_of_the_world. 9．coincidence n．巧合；同時(shí)發(fā)生；一致，相符 [記牢] (1)by coincidence　　　　　　　　　　碰巧，巧合的是 It is/was a coincidence that ... ……是巧合的 What a coincidence! 真巧！ (2)coincident adj.　　 巧合的，重合的；一致的，相符的 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①By coincidence, my husband and I have the same birthday. ②The result of the game was coincident (coincidence) with our expectation. 完成句子/一句多譯 ③真巧！我從沒(méi)想到會(huì)在這里遇見(jiàn)你。 What_a_coincidence! I never dreamed of meeting you here. 當(dāng)他受傷時(shí)，碰巧有輛救護(hù)車經(jīng)過(guò)。 ④It_was_a_coincidence_that_an ambulance was passing by when he got injured. ⑤By_coincidence,_an ambulance was passing by when he got injured. [寫(xiě)美] ⑥(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá))任何有興趣的同學(xué)都能參加。巧合的是，你拍照好而且一直想為環(huán)保做些事情。 Any_student_who_is_interested_is_wele_to_participate.By_coincidence,_you_take_good_pictures_and_youve_always_wanted_to_do_something_for_environmental_protection. 10．considerate adj.體貼的，想得周到的 [記牢] (1)consideration n．　　　 考慮；體諒，關(guān)心，體貼 under consideration 在考慮中 take ... into consideration 把……考慮在內(nèi)；考慮…… (2)considerable adj. 相當(dāng)大的；相當(dāng)多的 (3)considering prep. 考慮到 (4)consider v. 考慮；認(rèn)為 consider sb./sth. to be/as ... 認(rèn)為……是……；把……看作…… consider doing sth. 考慮做某事 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①Considering what she has done for us, we consider her as a very considerate person.(consider) ②Mothers Day is ing, and Im considering purchasing (purchase) a gift for Mum, one that is to her taste. ③Changing this situation requires considerable (consider)effort on the part of everyone. ④Everything taken into consideration (consider), they believed themselves more qualified for the job. ⑤The plan he put forward at the meeting is under consideration now and the result will be put up soon. 句式升級(jí) He took all the aspects into consideration and decided to study abroad. ⑥Taking_all_the_aspects_into_consideration,_he_decided_to_study_abroad.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)) ⑦All_the_aspects_taken_into_consideration,_he_decided_to_study_abroad.(獨(dú)立主格) [寫(xiě)美] ⑧(2012江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))不要以自我為中心，盡量要想得周到。我們一定要學(xué)會(huì)冷靜而理智地處理爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。 Dont_be_selfcentered_and_try_to_be_considerate.We_must_learn_to_handle_conflicts_calmly_and_wisely. 11．sacrifice v．& n．犧牲，獻(xiàn)出 [記牢] (1)sacrifice ...for ...　　　　　 為……而犧牲……； 犧牲……而換得…… sacrifice ... to do sth. 為做某事而犧牲…… (2)make sacrifices/a sacrifice 做出犧牲 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①Would you sacrifice a football game to_go (go) out with me? ②As a mother, she was ready to sacrifice everything for her family. 完成句子 ③She made_many_sacrifices_to get her son a good education. 為了讓兒子接受好的教育，她做出了很多犧牲。 ④He sacrificed_a_promising_career_to_look_after his kids. 他為了照顧孩子犧牲了很有前途的事業(yè)。 [寫(xiě)美] ⑤(2015浙江高考書(shū)面表達(dá))為了集體利益，我傾向于犧牲自己的利益。 I_tend_to_sacrifice_my_own_interest_for_the_group_benefit. [詞匯過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě) 1．If you dont pay your debt, your property will be seized (沒(méi)收)． 2．For most people, the car is still their main means (方式) of transport. 3．We became trapped (使困住) by the rising floodwater. 4．What a coincidence (巧合) that we were in New York at the same time! 5．All children should be encouraged to develop their full potential (潛能)． 6．You mustnt sacrifice (犧牲) environment to promote economic growth. 7．We will condemn (譴責(zé)) those people for their mistreating pets, such as dogs or cats. 8．The report advocated (提倡) that all buildings should be fitted with smoke detectors in yesterdays newspaper. 9．In a formal football match, each team can have three players to substitute (替代) their teammates when necessary. 10．It was not until I pleted the form that I realized that half the questions were not relevant (有關(guān)的) to me. Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．It is reported that the new airport is still under construction (construct)． 2．In England, the changeable (change) weather is a topic which is much talked about. 3．By my calculation (calculate), we made a profit of ＄20,000 last year. 4．He came to China in order to learn Chinese agricultural (agriculture) skills. 5．The schools must adopt (adoption) new methods of teaching foreign languages. 6．The president called on his people to make a sacrifice for the good of their country. 7．If you are going to visit a friend, it is necessary to make a reservation (reserve)． 8．Her brother threatened to_leave (leave) her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order. 9．They were trying every possible means to rescue the miners trapped (trap) underground. 10．The project wasted a considerable (consider) amount of time and money. Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．Only by this/that mean can we master English.mean→means 2．The policeman seized the thief by his arm immediately.his→the 3．Though seats in the library are tight, my friend Tom has reserved one to me.to→for 4．Pack ice around Iceland was being a threat with navigation.with→to 5．Having trapped in the traffic jam for hours, he became impatient.Having_后加been Ⅳ.完成句子 1．By no means will_you_tell_him the news. 你決不能告訴他這個(gè)消息。 2．Do you advocate_banning_cars in the city centre? 你支持禁止汽車在市中心通行這一主張嗎？ 3．By_coincidence,_I met the person wed been discussing the next day. 巧合的是，我在第二天遇見(jiàn)了我們一直在談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人。 4．It_is_considerate_of_you not to play the piano while I was asleep. 在我睡覺(jué)時(shí)你不彈鋼琴，真是體貼入微。 5．The man would probably seize_him_by_the_wrist and take the razor away. 那人很可能會(huì)抓住他的手腕，把刮胡刀奪走。 (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) 1．a(chǎn)_number_of　 　　　　　　　 一些 2．in_turn 依次，輪流；反過(guò)來(lái) 3．take_action 采取行動(dòng) 4．lead_to　 　[串記1] 引起，導(dǎo)致 5．a(chǎn)part_from　[串記2] 除……以外 6．a(chǎn)nswer_for　[串記3] (對(duì)已產(chǎn)生的不良后果)負(fù)責(zé)任 7．carry_off 掠去，奪走 8．call_for_an_end_to_sth.[串記4] 要求結(jié)束…… 9．refer_to 指，意即 10．a(chǎn)ll_in_all 總的來(lái)說(shuō) 11．earn_ones_living 謀生 12．a(chǎn)s_a_matter_of_fact 實(shí)際上 13．result_in 導(dǎo)致 14．on_somebodys_behalf 代表…… 15．break_away_from 擺脫；脫離(團(tuán)體、組織、某種 思想體系) 16．sum_up 總結(jié)，概括 17．or_else 否則，不然 18．beyond_ones_control 超出……的控制 [同根短語(yǔ)串記](méi) 串記1.說(shuō)說(shuō)“引起，導(dǎo)致”短語(yǔ) ①bring about ②lead to ③result in/from ④contribute to 串記2.“除……以外”家族 ①apart from 除……外(還有/沒(méi)有) ②aside from 除……外(還有/沒(méi)有) ③except for 除了(不好的部分) ④except 除……之外(不包括) ⑤besides 除……外(還有) ⑥in addition 此外(單獨(dú)使用) ⑦in addition to 此外 ⑧as well as 除……之外 串記3.“負(fù)責(zé)”短語(yǔ)全接觸 ①answer for ②be responsible for ③take charge ④in (the) charge of 串記4.“結(jié)束”在何方 ①call for an end to sth. 要求結(jié)束某事 ②e to an end 結(jié)束 ③bring sth.to an end 結(jié)束 ④put an end to sth. 結(jié)束 1．warn people in advance　　　　　　提前警告人們 2．in mountainous areas 在山區(qū) 3．the global average temperature 全球平均氣溫 4．the process of global warming 全球變暖的過(guò)程 5．cause changes in the Earths climate 造成地球氣候變化 6．the worst eruption in human history人 類歷史上最嚴(yán)重的一次噴發(fā) 7．environmental disasters on a grand scale 大規(guī)模的環(huán)境災(zāi)難 1．Without these naturally occurring gases, the suns rays would_bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on. 如果沒(méi)有這些自然產(chǎn)生的氣體，太陽(yáng)光將會(huì)被反射回太空中去，使地球處于寒冷之中，不適合生命的存在。 2．Given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence. 鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù)，好像人類活動(dòng)與正在升高的地球溫度之間的聯(lián)系并不僅僅只是巧合而已。 3．The_last_few_years_have_seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to e. 近幾年一些環(huán)境災(zāi)難大規(guī)模地出現(xiàn)，專家們預(yù)測(cè)更壞的局面即將來(lái)臨。 [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞塊與句式 1．(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅲ閱讀C)The study of traditions should be bined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.(用本單元短語(yǔ)替換加黑詞匯)Or_else 2．(2013江蘇高考完形)I used to believe in the American Dream, which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭), credit cards, success.I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else, all of us separately chasing the same thing.(用本單元短語(yǔ)替換加黑詞匯)referred_to 高考采擷(二)　寫(xiě)作中的詞塊與句式 (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)及提示翻譯句子) 1．(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書(shū)面表達(dá))總之，我真誠(chéng)地邀請(qǐng)你能親自來(lái)我們學(xué)?？纯础?all in all) All_in_all,_I_sincerely_invite_you_to_e_to_our_school_and_see_for_yourself. 2．(2014廣東高考書(shū)面表達(dá))鑒于這次機(jī)會(huì)，我將向那些仍然生活在現(xiàn)代生活貧困線以下的人捐贈(zèng)一些東西。(given ...) Given_the_choice,_I_would_make_donations_to_those_who_still_live_under_the_bottom_line_of_the_modern_living_condition. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 [短語(yǔ)集釋] 1．refer to涉及，提及；談到；參考；查閱 [辨清]　寫(xiě)出下列句中refer to的含義 ①I(mǎi)f you dont understand some words, you can refer to the dictionary. 查閱 ②Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. 參考 ③We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.