2019高考英語一輪選習(xí)練題 模塊3 Unit 3 Back to the past（含解析）牛津譯林版.doc

模塊3U3一、閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。Some pigs tend to be optimistic while others are pessimistic，according to a new research that is meaningful to animal welfare.The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal，influencing judgment.Asher，a researcher at the University of Newcastles Institute of Neuroscience，and her team housed groups of pigs in two types of environment.One reflected standard mercial conditions and the other was cushier with more space and plenty of soft，deep straw.After the pigs got accustomed to these new homes over a few weeks，the researchers picked 18 pigs from each type to train and test their judgment.“To do this，we trained each pig.In one corner of a training room there would be a bowl with chocolate sweetspigs love themand at the opposite side of the room there would be a bowl containing coffee beans，which pigs find bittertasting，”a researcher said.Over a number of training trials，pigs learned to go to the bowl reliably when it was in the corner where they had figured out to expect chocolate sweets.On the contrary，they quickly learned to avoid the bowl when it was in the corner where they would expect to find the coffee beans.The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations，to see how the pigs would react.Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what was inside，showing optimism that it would contain their favorite sweets.Others，however，behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans，displaying pessimism.The findings suggest that a onesizefitsall answer to animal welfare issues does not exist.Even if pigs are just equal to bacon or other meat for some people，there is still cause for concern.Studies have suggested that how an animal is treated during its lifetime can directly affect meat quality and taste.1What was the study trying to figure out?AHow to make pigs happier.BThe similarities between humans and pigs.CHow living environment affected pigs mood.DHow pigs mood and personality affected their judgment.2What does the underlined word “cushier”in Paragraph 2 mean?ASimple. BMore fortable.CUnpractical. DLess free.3Which bowl can test whether a pig is optimistic or pessimistic?AThe bowl with chocolate sweets.BThe bowl containing coffee beans.CThe bowl full of both sweets and beans.DThe bowl unfamiliar to two types of pigs.4What do the findings of the new research imply?APeople should treat pigs equally.BPeoples health relies on meat quality.CPeople should meet pigs various needs.DPeoples attitude toward pigs is totally wrong.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇研究報告，講述情緒和性格在動物中的相互作用。【段意梳理】第一段：概述情緒和性格在動物中的相互作用，這些相互作用會影響它們的判斷。第二至五段：研究者Asher和她的研究團(tuán)隊把豬分成兩組進(jìn)行實驗的過程。第六段：根據(jù)實驗結(jié)果，研究人員進(jìn)行分析和總結(jié)。1D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment”可知，選項D的概括符合題意。所以選項D正確。2B考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“more space and plenty of soft, deep straw”可知，另一個環(huán)境很舒適。所以選項B正確。3D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段第一句“The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react”以及該段后兩句的對比描述可知，D選項與第五段內(nèi)容一致。所以選項D正確。4C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段尤其是最后一句可推知，要想獲得高質(zhì)量和口感好的豬肉，人們應(yīng)當(dāng)滿足豬的多種需要。所以選項C正確。二、單項填空1.The precious manuscripts were hopelessly _ by long exposure in the cold, damp cellar.A. damaged B. destroyedC. harmed D. ruined【答案】D2.People _ that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often arbitrary rather than based on fixed criteria.A. whisper B. signal C. sponsor D. plain【答案】D【解析】whisper低聲說，私語；signal發(fā)信號，(用手勢)示意；sponsor贊助，倡議，組織，主辦；plain抱怨。句意：人們抱怨，決定批準(zhǔn)或拒絕發(fā)放許可證往往是任意的而不是基于既定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。3.Across China, ordinary people are being more and more _ of the issue of environmental protection.A. dependentB. ignorantC. alikeD. aware【答案】D【解析】句意：在中國，普通百姓正逐漸意識到環(huán)境保護(hù)問題。dependent依靠的；ignorant無知的；alike相似的；aware意識到的；be aware of意識到。4.When you are old enough to _ things, you should decide your path in life.A. judge B. chooseC. study D. research【答案】A【解析】句意：當(dāng)你年齡大到足以判斷事情時，你應(yīng)該決定自己的人生道路。judge判斷，符合句意。5.The building was named Ford Hall _ a man named James Ford.A. in need of B. in memory of C. in charge of D. in search of【答案】B 【解析】in memory of為了紀(jì)念。句意：為了紀(jì)念一個叫做詹姆斯福特的人，這棟樓房取名叫做福特大廳。6.The earthquake was so terrible that in only 15 seconds a large city lay _.A. in tears B. in terrorC. in ruins D. in anger【答案】C7.Theres been a record number of _ about the standard of service on Britains railwaysA. contributions B. distinctions C. pressures D. plaints【答案】D【解析】plaints投訴，抱怨。句意：有關(guān)英國鐵路服務(wù)水平的投訴空前的多。8.It is important for people to have the _ that care and sympathy for people with AIDS/HIV makes a difference to the quality of their lives.A. remarkB. awarenessC. assumptionD. promise 【答案】B9._ what he said, he must have been to the south of the country.A. Judge by B. Judging from C. Judged with D. Judging on【答案】B【解析】Judging from“從判斷”為固定結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作獨立成分。句意：從他所說的話判斷他一定去過這個國家的南部。10.Her fluent English left a great impression on the judges, most of whom voted _ her, and she became the winner in the end. A. in search of B. in favor of C. in memory of D. in danger of【答案】B【解析】in search of尋找；in favor of贊成，支持；in memory of對的紀(jì)念；in danger of處于危險之中。句意：她流利的英語給評委留下了很深的印象，大多數(shù)評委給她投了贊成票。最后她獲勝了。11.She likes dancing with many people on the playground; _.A. so her mother does B. so her mother isC. so does her mother D. so is her mother【答案】C【解析】句意：她喜歡在操場上和很多人一起跳舞她媽媽也這樣?！皊o系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語”表示前面的肯定情況也適應(yīng)于另一主語，故選C。12.And when he got fired at the age of 30 _ to be one of the best things that ever happened to him because a few months later he met his wife. A. it was turned out B. there seemed C. it turned outD. as it seemed【答案】C【解析】it turned out to be.句型。句意：然而就在他30歲的時候他被這個公司抄了，而這件事成了他生命中發(fā)生的最好的事情之一，因為幾個月之后他遇到了自己的妻子。 13.The flu is believed by some scientists _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causingB. being causedC. to have causedD. to be caused【答案】D【解析】本句是對believe可以接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的變式考查。cause和本句主語the flu是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，所以要用不定式的被動語態(tài)，即答案為to be caused，作主語補(bǔ)足語。句意：有些科學(xué)家相信流感是由在人類喉腔細(xì)胞內(nèi)繁殖的病毒起的。14.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet.A. hasnt been decidedB. havent decidedC. isnt being decidedD. arent decided【答案】A 15.The young _ eaten up almost everything; one and a half bananas _ left on the table.A. is; areB. are; is C. has; have beenD. have; has been【答案】D【解析】the young 做主語，表示一類人，意為年輕人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，one and a half 看成整體，后加名詞做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。整個句子強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的完成。所以選D。句意：年輕人幾乎吃光了所有的東西；桌子上就留了一根半香蕉而已。三、完形填空Many people are constantly waiting for their life to start. “When Im older Ill do this.” and “In a few years Ill do that.” They think the life they are _1_ is boring and meaningless.Who has never viewed himself or herself _2_ worthless and unattractive?In others eyes, you are always “the funny one” and bee loud and overconfident to mask what you are actually feeling, _3_ few people know about the way you feel.All of us may _4_ from depression and frustration, lose guidance and support, and thus need _5_ physically, or spiritually.Just think like this way: _6_ feelings I am feeling will eventually go away.I need to stop feeling so sorry for myself and actually want to _7_. I am a(n)_8_ lucky person who has e from a family where there is full of love and support.I have to be the one to make the _9_ to change my way of thinking.All the good things and all the wonderful people in my life would pass eventually too. _10_ I am feeling miserable, my life is still going on and I am missing out on _11_ those precious moments.We all have terrible things which happen to us and will _12_ each of us differently.The most important thing to remember is that our _13_ arent what define us. What defines us is how we_14_ what has happened to us and how we change the way we think about it.We can either let it bee us or we can use our newly found _15_ to change a little bit of the world around us all.Theres something much bigger than us and our problems. It is always _16_ to remember that there is always someone who is in a _17_ much worse than our own.Nevertheless, I am well on the _18_ to being the person I want to be and I have goals andexpectations of myself. I am now _19_ that my life has started.It started years ago and its not _20_ over yet. Its happening right now. Yours is too.語篇解讀：很多人都在等待最好的生活，其實最好的生活就在當(dāng)下。1. A.opposing B. predicting C. experiencing D. expecting【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)第一段第一句“很多人都在等待自己生命的新起點”可知，他們覺得現(xiàn)在的生活很乏味無趣的。experience 經(jīng)歷，符合語境。oppose 反對；predict 預(yù)言，預(yù)料；expect 預(yù)料，期望。故選 C項。2. A.of B. as C. for D. with【答案】B【解析】view.as.把看作，為固定搭配。故選 B 項。誰沒有把自己看成是毫無價值、毫不吸引人的人呢?3. A.though B. or C. so D. but【答案】D【解析】設(shè)空前的“In others eyes, you are always the funny one and bee loud and overconfident to maskwhat you are actually feeling”(在別人的眼中，你可能是一個“很有趣的人” 。你用大聲喧囂和過于自信來掩蓋自己真正的想法)和該空后的“few people know about the way you feel”(很少有人看透你)之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。而 though 表示的是讓步關(guān)系。故選 D 項。4. A.suffer B. arise C. differ D. result【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)設(shè)空后的“from depression and frustration, lose guidance and support”可知選 suffer。suffer from意為“遭受”， 其后常接表示疾病、 自然災(zāi)害的詞， 或接 loneliness， overpopulation 等詞。 arise from由引起；differ from 與不同；result from 由造成。故選 A 項。我們所有人都會經(jīng)歷挫折和沮喪，失去指引和支持，無論物質(zhì)、情感還是精神上都急切需要治愈。5. A.growth B. service C. aid D. sacrifice【答案】C【解析】 根據(jù)上文中的“All of us may _4_ from depression and frustration, lose guidance and support”可知，下文是說我們都需要身體上或精神上的幫助。growth 增長，成長；service 服務(wù)；aid 援助，幫助；sacrifice 犧牲。故選 C 項。6. A.pleasant B. horrible C. sensitive D. casual【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)第八段第一句“All the good things and all the wonderful people in my life would pass eventuallytoo.”可知，設(shè)空處所在句與該句形成對比，因此該處表示“糟糕的感覺最終會煙消云散的”。pleasant 令人愉快的；horrible 糟糕的，可怕的；sensitive 敏感的；casual 滿不在乎的。故選 B 項。7. A.relax B. move C. reject D. change【答案】D【解析】 根據(jù)空前的“I need to stop feeling so sorry for myself”(我需要停止顧影自憐)可知， 下文應(yīng)是作出“改變”。relax 放松；move 移動，搬動；reject 拒絕；change 改變。故選 D 項。不應(yīng)再自怨自艾，而要切切實實地謀求改變。8. A.incredibly B. eventually C. merely D. skeptically【答案】A【解析】incredibly 難以置信地，很，極為，非常；eventually 最后，終于；merely 僅僅，只不過；skeptically懷疑地。句意：我是個非常幸運(yùn)的人，來自于一個充滿愛和支持的家庭。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是 family，且從句中缺少狀語，故用 where 引導(dǎo)。故選 A 項。9. A.mistake B. difference C. decision D. ment【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)設(shè)空后的“to change my way of thinking”可知，此處應(yīng)是“決定改變我的思考方式”，make thedecision 作決定，符合語境。make a mistake 犯錯誤；make a/the difference 起作用，有影響；makea ment 作出評論。故選 C 項。10. A.Because B. While C. Unless D. When【答案】B【解析】句意為：盡管我現(xiàn)在感覺很痛苦，但生活還是要繼續(xù)，我會錯過欣賞這些寶貴時刻的機(jī)會?！癐 amfeeling miserable”與“my life is still going on”之間是讓步關(guān)系，while 意為“盡管”，表讓步，符合語境。故選 B 項。11. A.calculating B. imagining C. forgetting D. appreciating【答案】D【解析】句意見上題。根據(jù)設(shè)空后的“precious moments”(寶貴時刻)可知，應(yīng)是“欣賞，贊美”。calculate計算，預(yù)估；imagine 想象；forget 忘記；appreciate 欣賞。故選 D 項。盡管自己沉溺于痛苦之中，而生命的時間漏斗仍不停流轉(zhuǎn)，那你將錯過那些值得贊美的珍貴時刻。12. A.attract B. treat C. affect D. benefit【答案】C【解析】句意為：我們都會遇到一些不幸的事，它們會對我們產(chǎn)生不一樣的影響。根據(jù)常識可知，發(fā)生在我們身上的事總是影響到我們。attract 吸引；treat 對待；affect 影響；benefit 有益于。故選 C 項。13. A.characters B. problems C. advantages D. experiences【答案】B【解析】character 個性，性格，角色；problem 問題；advantage 優(yōu)點；experience 經(jīng)歷。故選 B 項。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句“Theres something much bigger than us and our problems.”也可推出此處選problems。14. A.care about B. make up C. deal with D. answer for【答案】C【解析】重要的是，你要記住，我們遇到的問題不能定義我們的本質(zhì)。能定義我們的，是我們處理問題的方法，以及我們對待問題的態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變。care about 關(guān)心，在意；make up 形成，構(gòu)成，編造，化妝；deal with 處理；answer for 負(fù)責(zé)。故選 C 項。15. A.wisdom B. energy C. chance D. patience【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)設(shè)空前的 newlyfound 及空后的“to change a little bit of the world around us all”可知，改變世界應(yīng)該用“智慧”。wisdom 智慧；energy 能量；chance 機(jī)會，機(jī)遇；patience 耐心。故選 A 項。我們或許放任自流，又或許利用我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的新智慧改變我們周邊發(fā)生的事情。16. A.difficult B. obvious C. typical D. important【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)前一句“Theres something much bigger than us and our problems.”可知，記得總有人的處境比我們的更糟糕，這是很重要的(important)。故選 D 項。17. A.game B. relation C. position D. distance【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)語境可知，此處指有些人的處境比我們的更糟糕。position 位置；game 游戲；relation 關(guān)系；distance 距離。故選 C 項。比我們自身和我們所遇到的問題還重要的事情大有所在。切勿忘記總有人的處境比我們的更糟糕。18. A.turn B. way C. corner D. direction【答案】B【解析】on the way to.意為“在去的路上”，符合句意。turn 轉(zhuǎn)變；corner 拐角處；direction 方向。故選 B 項。19. A. aware B. surprised C. afraid D. worried【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)最后一段可知，“我”現(xiàn)在意識到我的生活已經(jīng)發(fā)生了改變。aware 意識到的，明白的；surprised 驚訝的；afraid 害怕的；worried 擔(dān)憂的。故選 A 項。然而，我們有自己的目標(biāo)和期待，并在自己選擇的人生道路上很好的前進(jìn)著。我們必須從現(xiàn)在起意識到屬于自己的人生其實已經(jīng)開始。20. A.even B. nearly C. only D. much【答案】B【解析】我的人生在好久之前已經(jīng)開始了，而且還沒結(jié)束。現(xiàn)在還是進(jìn)行時。你的也一樣。not nearly 意為“遠(yuǎn)非，絕不是”，符合語境。故選 B 項。四、短文改錯。Last year，I went to Australia for a shortterm study like an international student.One of my classmates suggested we shared our favorite recipes for foods from our own countries during New Years party.We all agreed to this wonderful idea and cooked my unique dishes for the party.Hariyati from Indonesia shared a kind of cookie what was shaped like elephant ears.Susan from South Africa prepared some sweet dumplings packed in several banana leaf.Chiemi from Japan cooked special rice balls mixing with fish.And I was served Daoxiao noodles，my hometownShanxis local food.These variously foods were all delicious.Therefore，my favorite was still Chinese food.【答案】Last year，I went to Australia for a shortterm study an international student.One of my classmates suggested we our favorite recipes for foods from our own countries during New Years party.We all agreed to this wonderful idea and cooked unique dishes for the party.Hariyati from Indonesia shared a kind of cookie was shaped like elephant ears.Susan from South Africa prepared some sweet dumplings packed in several banana .Chiemi from Japan cooked special rice balls with fish.And I served Daoxiao noodles，my hometownShanxis local food.These foods were all delicious.，my favorite was still Chinese food.第一處：like改為as。考查介詞。此句意為“去年我作為一個國際學(xué)生去澳大利亞短期學(xué)習(xí)”，as“作為”，like“像一樣”。第二處：shared改為share。考查虛擬語氣。suggest意思是“建議”時所在賓語從句的謂語只能用“should動詞原形”的形式且should可以被省略。第三處：during后加the?？疾楣谠~。可數(shù)名詞party在句中表示特指，所以其前必須加定冠詞the。第四處：my改為our。考查代詞。根據(jù)上文的“We all agreed to this wonderful idea”可知，句子的主語是We, agreed和cooked為并列謂語，所以my改為our。第五處：what改為that/which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，cookie后為定語從句，且從句缺少主語，先行詞為名詞cookie，所以改為that/which。第六處：leaf改為leaves。考查名詞的數(shù)。leaf(葉)是可數(shù)名詞，且其前面有several修飾，所以要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式leaves。第七處：mixing改為mixed。考查非謂語動詞。balls與mix之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故此處用過去分詞短語mixed with fish作后置定語。第八處：刪除was served中的was?？疾閯釉~的語態(tài)。serve“供應(yīng)”，是及物動詞。該句賓語是Daoxiao noodles，所以結(jié)合上下文和句意應(yīng)去掉was。第九處：variously改為various?？疾樾稳菰~。該句中的名詞foods應(yīng)用形容詞various(各種各樣的)來修飾，所以把variously改為various。第十處：Therefore改為However。考查副詞和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文尤其是still一詞可知，上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以Therefore改為However。