2020人教版高中英語同步練習(xí)：選修8 unit 2 單元測(cè)試含答案

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1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語精品資料 Unit 2 Cloning 單元測(cè)試（人教版選修8，課標(biāo)通用） (滿分：120分，時(shí)間：120分鐘) 第一部分 英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用 (共兩節(jié)，滿分45分) 第一節(jié) 單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分) 從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 1．Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly________size and shape. A．on B．from C．by D．in 解析　句意：各種各樣的樹上都

2、有樹葉，但是大小和形狀各不相同。differ in sth意為“在……方面不同，有差異”，符合題意。differ on sth意為“對(duì)某事有異議”；differ from sb/sth意為“與某人/某事不同”；differ不能與by構(gòu)成搭配。 答案　D 2．Although metals________widely in quality such as strength and hardness, they all have certain qualities in________. A．vary; general B．differ; common C．react;

3、 particular D．divide; detail 解析　考查動(dòng)詞及固定短語辨析。句意：雖然金屬的某些特性諸如強(qiáng)度和硬度等有很大差別，但是它們具有某些共同特性。第一個(gè)空用vary和differ皆可，表示“不同，有差異”。react意為“對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)”；divide意為“把整體分成個(gè)體”。第二個(gè)空要用in common，表示“共同的，共有的”。in general “一般說來”；in particular“特別地，尤其是”；in detail“詳細(xì)地”。 答案　B 3．His sister was against my suggestion while his br

4、other was________it. A．in honor of B．in memory of C．in favor of D．in search of 解析　句意：他的姐姐反對(duì)我的提議，可是他弟弟卻贊成。in favor of“贊成；支持”，根據(jù)be against與表示轉(zhuǎn)折的while可知該項(xiàng)符合題意。in honor of“為了紀(jì)念……”；in memory of“為了紀(jì)念……”；in search of“尋找……”。 答案　C 4．What are your________for judging a bottle of wine?

5、 A．regulations B．rules C．level D．criteria 解析　句意：你判斷一瓶葡萄酒的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么？ criteria 意為“(評(píng)判之)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，準(zhǔn)則”； regulation意為“規(guī)則；規(guī)定”；rule和regulation類似，意為“規(guī)定，規(guī)則，章程，條例”； level意為“水平，級(jí)別”。 答案　D 5．I forbid________here, Who has permitted you________here? A．smoking；to make B．smoke；smoking C．smokin

6、g；smoking D．to smoke；smoking 解析　forbid doing sth 禁止做某事，permit sb to do sth允許某人做某事。句意：我這兒禁止抽煙，誰讓你在這兒抽煙的？ 答案　A 6．The people of China are strongly________the world peace and are strongly against the behavior which stops it. A．in favor of B．in terms of C．in place of D．in need

7、 of 解析　句意：中國人民強(qiáng)烈支持世界和平，強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)阻止世界和平的行為。in favor of支持，贊同；in terms of在……方面；in place of代替；in need of需要。 答案　A 7．We are thinking of expanding our business and hope we will establish business relations with you very________. A．immediately B．shortly C．hardly D．right away 解析　考查副詞辨析。句意

8、：我們正在考慮拓展業(yè)務(wù)，希望和你們盡快確立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。shortly“不久”，符合題意。immediately“立刻”；hardly“幾乎不”；right away“立刻，馬上”。 答案　B 8．We thought of asking him for help, but we were________to get in touch with him at that time. A．happy B．a(chǎn)nxious C．easy D．unable 解析　be unable to do sth不能做某事。句意：我們想請(qǐng)求他的幫助，但那時(shí)我們與他聯(lián)

9、系不上。 答案　D 9．Hes________to fail the exam if he doesnt do any revision. A．near B．fit C．bound D．easy 解析　句意：如果他不做任何復(fù)習(xí)的話，他肯定會(huì)考試不及格。be bound to do sth肯定做某事。 答案　C 10．Although he tried to focus on his reading in the study, Toms attention was attracted by the loud music outside________.

10、 A．in time B．in no time C．on time D．from time to time 解析　句意：在書房里，盡管湯姆努力把精力集中到閱讀上，但是他的注意力不時(shí)被外面吵鬧的音樂吸引。in time及時(shí)；in no time立刻，馬上；on time按時(shí)；from time to time不時(shí)地，偶爾。 答案　D 11．Seeing your picture, I couldnt resist________the days________I was in the university. A．to think of; when

11、 B．to think of; which C．thinking of; which D．thinking of; when 解析　cant resist doing sth 禁不住做某事。第二個(gè)空是由when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作狀語 。 答案　D 12．As the interview went on, I suddenly felt that my years at the training center began to________. As I expected, I was offered a wellpaid job. A．ta

12、ke off B．give away C．pay off D．give out 解析　句意：隨著面試的進(jìn)行，我突然感到在培訓(xùn)中心的幾年開始有所回報(bào)，正如所期待的那樣，我獲得了一份高薪工作。pay off償清(欠款等)，賄賂，取得成功，有報(bào)償。 答案　C 13．Mary didnt get there on time because of the heavy fog. Whats more, her car was in poor________. A．position B．condition C．situation D

13、．direction 解析　考查固定短語。句意：由于大霧，瑪麗沒能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)那里。另外，她的車狀況不好。in poor condition是固定短語，意為“情況/狀況不好”，故選B。 答案　B 14．I couldnt resist________online for over 6 hours a day once my vacation began, but then I got tired of it three days later. A．to chat B．chatted C．chat D．chatting 解析　句意：假期一開

14、始，我就忍不住在網(wǎng)上聊了六個(gè)小時(shí)，但三天之后，我就厭倦了。cant resist doing sth 禁不住做某事。 答案　D 15．—Sorry to________you, but could you tell me how to get to the ICBC? —No problem. A．interrupt B．bother C．interfere D．worry 解析　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：——對(duì)不起，打擾一下，您能告訴我去中國工商銀行怎么走嗎？——當(dāng)然可以。bother意為“打擾”，sorry to bother you“對(duì)不起，打

15、擾一下”是常用語。interrupt “打斷，中斷”；interfere“干預(yù)”；worry“使……擔(dān)心”。 答案　B 二、完形填空 (共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分) 閱讀下面兩篇短文，掌握大意，然后從16～35各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 (A) Anna Douglas was 72 years old when she started writing her newspaper column.She had been a school teacher before she retired，but she needed to keep__16

16、__.She was even willing to work without pay.She then offered her__17__to a business that helped other businesses find jobs for old people.Every day she__18__other old folks like her，by talking with them，she__19__two things.Old people had abilities that were not used.But old people also had some__20_

17、_.She found a new purpose for herself then. Through the years，she used to write stories about people for national magazines.There was now a new__21__：Old people like herself.She began to write a newspaper column called“Sixty Plus”，which was about__22__old.She writes about the problems of old people

18、，especially their problems with being__23__.Anna Douglas uses her__24__ability to see the truth behind a problem.She understands why problems begin.For example，one of her__25__said that his grandchildren__26__the houses as soon as he came to visit.Mrs.Douglas__27__some ways for him to understand his

19、 grandchildren. 16．A.free B．rich C．powerful D．busy 解析　她從教師工作上退了下來，然而她需要一直忙碌著(busy)。從下文she was even willing to work without pay可作提示。 答案　D 17．A.services B．money C．students D．books 解析　從空后的that helped other businesses find jobs fo

20、r old people可以看出， 她提供的是服務(wù)(services)。 答案　A 18．A.observed B．met C．comforted D．a(chǎn)nswered 解析　從空后的by talking with them可以看出，Anna Douglas每天都與很多 老年人會(huì)面(met)，而不是觀察或安慰他們。 答案　B 19．A.enjoyed B．followed C．recognized D．demanded

21、 解析　通過與他們交談，她認(rèn)識(shí)到兩件事情。接下來的兩句便是她認(rèn)識(shí)到的 事情。recognize在這里是“認(rèn)識(shí)到”的意思。 答案　C 20．A.mistakes B．problems C．questions D．characters 解析　然而老年人也有老年人的問題(problems)。根據(jù)下文可知，有一位老年 人不受其孫子女的歡迎，這是他面臨的問題。 答案　B 21．A.subject B．life C．way

22、 D．plan 解析　聯(lián)系上下文Old people like herself是報(bào)紙的一個(gè)話題(subject)，因此其 他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。 答案　A 22．A.getting B．respecting C．employing D．supporting 解析　get old在這里為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案　A 23．A.unknown B．refused C．misunderstood D．discouraged 解析　根

23、據(jù)下文作者舉的例子說明，很多老年人被其孫子女誤解 (misunderstood)。 答案　C 24．A.thinking B．working C．reading D．leading 解析　從空后的see the truth behind a problem可知，Anna Douglas用的是 thinking ability。 答案　A 25．A.visitors B．readers C．listeners D．friends 解析　根據(jù)上文可知，Anna Douglas是靠寫文章與老年人交流，故用readers。 答案　B 26．

24、A.got B．entered C．left D．passed 解析　聯(lián)系上下文可知，這位老年人與其孫子女關(guān)系并不融洽，因此當(dāng)他進(jìn) 來時(shí)，孩子們就離開(left)。 答案　C 27．A.suggested B．chose C．invented D．imagined 解析　Anna Douglas向他提出了一些建議(suggested)，設(shè)法理解他的孫子女。 答案　A (B) There are a lot of situations in life where w

25、e need help.I dont believe that there are many people who have not been__28__by someone else at some point in their lives.It may be__29__through verbal support，or help to overcome a__30__that one faces in a personal or professional way. Some years ago，I helped a client of mine，which I think was par

26、t of my responsibilities.And there is absolutely no intention to form a lasting friendship. How wrong I was！Because of my work location being near to a former client，I occasionally ran into this person.What was__31__was that this person continued to say how I had helped him gain a level of__32__.An

27、d，the beauty of this confidence spread to his family，colleagues and friends.I was very__33__that this confidence isnt a onetime event but was now appearing through their__34__life.And，what had started out as a client in need turned out to be a lifelong friend. As the old saying__35__，what goes ar

28、ound comes around. 28．A.refused B．a(chǎn)ssisted C．learned D．persuaded 解析　根據(jù)前文“There are a lot of situations in life where we need help”可知，許 多人在人生中的某個(gè)時(shí)刻得到過別人的幫助……。 答案　B 29．A.already B．a(chǎn)lways C．hardly D．simply 解析　這種幫助可能僅僅通過語言。simply僅僅，只是。 答案　D 30．A.danger B

29、．mistake C．difficulty D．habit 解析　或者是從個(gè)人或?qū)I(yè)的角度幫助克服困難。 答案　C 31．A.unexpected B．uncertain C．unpleasant D．unreasonable 解析　根據(jù)上文“no intention”可知，那個(gè)人說我?guī)椭怂?，這是“我”沒有預(yù) 想到的。 答案　A 32．A.bravery B．confidence C．honesty D．leadership 解析　根據(jù)后文“the beau

30、ty of this confidence spread...”可知，我?guī)退@得“信 心”。 答案　B 33．A.afraid B．disappointed C．pleased D．curious 解析　作者為這種信心帶來的變化感到高興。故選C。 答案　C 34．A.real B．daily C．long D．hard 解析　這種信心不只是曇花一現(xiàn)，而是貫穿到他們的日常生活中。daily對(duì)應(yīng) 前面的onetime。 答案　B 35．A.turns

31、 B．begins C．goes D．leaves 解析　像俗話說的那樣，go表達(dá)，傳達(dá)。 答案　C 第二部分 閱讀理解 (共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分) 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A An extinct mountain goat that was once common in the Pyrenees briefly became the first animal to be brought back from extinction, as researchers used frozen

32、DNA to produce a clone. But the newborn kid died within minutes of birth due to breathing difficulties, signaling that the Jurassic Park dream of resurrecting extinct species is still some way off. The Pyrenean ibex, or bucardo, is a subspecies of the Spanish ibex that is believed to have died out

33、completely in 2000. Before the death of the last known individual (a 13yearold female known as Celia), biologists captured her and took cells from her skin and ears, which were frozen in liquid nitrogen(氮). An earlier cloning attempt using the skin cells failed during gestation. But the latest attem

34、pt involved the creation of 439 ibexgoat hybrid cloned embryos(胚胎). Of these cloned embryos,57 were transferred into surrogate mothers and seven resulted in pregnancies, but only one goat gave birth and the newborn clone died after seven minutes as a result of lung desease. Researchers say that oth

35、er cloned animals, including sheep, have been born with similar lung defects, but they say that overall the experiment was a major step forward in the effort to bring the ibex back to its mountain home. Says lead researcher Jose Folch: “The delivered kid was genetically identical to the bucardo. In

36、species such as bucardo, cloning is the only possibility to avoid its complete disappearance”． The failure to produce a viable clone from DNA that was frozen only a decade ago illustrates the difficulty researchers would face in trying to bring back species that have been extinct for decades, centu

37、ries, millennia, or epochs. Researchers have floated the idea of bringing back the Tasmanian Tiger, which went extinct in 1936, and others hope that woolly mammoths preserved in permafrost could one day be resurrected.Those efforts are still largely hypothetical. There are, however, other serious pr

38、oposals for cloning endangered animals, such as the giant panda, the African bongo antelope, the Sumatran tiger and the pygmy hippo. The methods advocates believe it offers hope of preserving the genetic diversity of these animals before they die out. 【語篇解讀】 科學(xué)家通過凍結(jié)的DNA成功地克隆了一只比利牛斯野生山羊。這 種野生山羊在200

39、0年就已經(jīng)滅絕了。 36．What do we know about the cloned ibex? A．It died of lung disease. B．It was the first cloned animal in the world. C．It lived for thirteen years. D．It was born in 2000. 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段the newborn cloned kid died after seven minutes as a result of lung disease.可知，這只克隆羊死于肺病。 答案　

40、A 37．Jose Folch would agree that cloning________. A．is not suitable and should be banned B．requires immediate attention C．should be carried out cautiously D．may help prevent animal extinctions 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段cloning is the only possibility to avoid its complete disappearance.可知， Jose Folch

41、認(rèn)為克隆有可能避免物種滅絕。 答案　D 38．We can conclude from the passage that________. A．cloning has developed quickly in developed countries B．no more animals will die out in the future C．cloning makes it possible to preserve endangered species D．cloning seldom results in physical problems for animals

42、解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Supporters believe cloning provides hope of keeping these endangered animals alive before they die out.可以推斷，運(yùn)用克隆技術(shù)來挽救瀕危動(dòng)物是有希望的。 答案　C 39．Whats the best title for this passage? A．Great advancement in cloning goats B．Difficulties in saving extinct animals C．Public concerns about

43、 cloning D．Cloning brought back an extinct species for a while 解析　主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知科學(xué)家們克隆了一只已經(jīng)滅絕的比利牛斯野生山羊，但這只羊在出生不久就死了，故D項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。 答案　D B We each have a unique genetic(基因的，遺傳的) makeup. Every cell of your body has the same set of about 100,000 separate genes made of DNA.These are the instruction

44、s for producing a person. Genes decide everything from the colour of your skin to the way your brain works. You have one of several billion combinations of DNA which come from the random mixing of your parents genes. Except for identical twins(同卵雙胞胎), no one has the same combination as another perso

45、n. You are unique! You are unique in another way too: in the way you are raised and all the experiences you have from before birth to adult life. These experiences influence you, your behaviour and attitudes, and the choices you make. But are genes or life experiences more important in shaping your

46、 appearance and personality? Scientists are studying twins to find out. One set of twins occurs every 70 births—some are identical and others are nonidentical twins. Identical twins are special because they share exactly the same genes and often the same environment. Nonidentical twins are more like

47、 ordinary brothers and sisters. Some identical twins have been adopted and brought up in different homes. With identical genes but a different home environment, scientists can study twins to see how much a particular feature depends on the genes we inherit. For example, we know that eye problems, l

48、ike shortsightedness, are mostly genetic.But resistance to pain is largely dependent on experiences. Genes also influence our eating habits. Identical twins brought up apart often like to eat at the same time of day and feel full after eating the same amount. Nonidentical twins in similar circumstan

49、ces have more varied eating habits. Identical twins are also more likely to follow the same patterns for marriage and divorce than nonidentical twins. Scientists are trying to identify the different genes that influence our behaviour. Some people are thrillseekers and get into risktaking and advent

50、urous activities.They take up extreme sports like bungee jumping and possibly take drugs. Scientists have discovered a gene which affects this. We could ask，“Are our lives determined by our genes or our upbringing？” Scientists are learning more all the time, but it is certainly true that both are i

51、mportant in making us who we are. 【語篇解讀】 本文主要介紹基因和生活經(jīng)歷對(duì)人的外貌、性格等的形成所起的作 用。 40. What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．We cannot easily change our physical appearance. B．How we turn out depends on our parents genes. C．Everyone has a physical double somewhere in the world. D．Both

52、our genes and our experiences make us who we are. 解析　主旨大意題。第一段主要介紹人的特殊性的兩個(gè)原因：一個(gè)是遺傳基因，一個(gè)是生活經(jīng)歷。 答案　D 41. Why are scientists studying twins? A．To find out how many twins are born every year. B．To discover what shapes us as individuals. C．To compare differences between twins. D．To study bro

53、therandsister relationships. 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句可知，科學(xué)家正在研究雙胞胎，是為了弄清楚到底是遺傳基因還是生活經(jīng)歷在塑造人的外貌和性格上起著更重要的作用。 答案　B 42. According to the passage，________. A．one in 70 twins are genetically identical B．nonidentical twins are usually not of the same sex C．twins separated at birth behave exactly the

54、same D．identical twins are genetically the same 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Except for identical twins (同卵雙胞胎)，no one has the same combination as another person.”可知，同卵雙胞胎的基因是相同的。 答案　D 43. Which of the following is most affected by experience according the passage? A．Eating habits. B．Eyesight.

55、C．Pain resistance. D．Marriage patterns. 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“But resistance to pain is largely dependent on experiences.”可知，應(yīng)選C。 答案　C C Have you seen Jurassic Park? In this film, scientists use DNA kept for tens of millions of years to clone dinosaurs. They find trouble, however, when they re

56、alize that the cloned creatures are smarter and more dangerous than expected.Thats nothing more than a fiction. But could we really clone endangered animals? To date, the most successful attempt to do so was the cloning of a gaur, a rare oxlike animal from southeast Asia.Scientists used a cow to b

57、ring the cloned baby gaur, named Noah. Two days after birth, however, Noah died from a common bacterial infection. Other endangered species that may be cloned include the African bongo antelope (邦戈羚羊), the Sumatran tiger, the cheetah (獵豹), and the giant panda. Next, could we really clone extinct an

58、imals? In theory? Yes. To do this, you need a wellkept source of DNA from the extinct animals such as wool mammoth (毛象), Tasmanian tiger, or even dinosaur, and a closely related species, still living, which could serve as a surrogate_mother. In reality? Probably not. On the one hand, its not likel

59、y that extinct animals DNA could survive undamaged for such a long time. Cloning extinct animals as wool mammoth, Tasmanian tiger, or dinosaur is much more difficult due to the lack of properly wellpreserved DNA.On the other hand, for example, a gaur can have a cow as a_surrogate_mother,_definitely

60、not a monkey. But what about an extinct animals as unique as the panda? What species could possibly serve as a surrogate mother? Cloning presents many exciting possibilities. However, even if extinct animals are brought back, they could not survive in todays world.Not only do most extinct animals h

61、ave no habitat to love in, but the other plants and animals they depended on for food may also be gone as well. 【語篇解讀】 我們可以克隆瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物嗎？我們能克隆已經(jīng)滅絕的動(dòng)物嗎？ 44．It can be learned from the text that________. A．the gaur is an extinct species B．the gaur lives in Asia and is endangered C．scientists have

62、cloned the African bongo antelope D．both the cheetah and the giant panda live in Asia 解析　由 a rare oxlike animal from southeast Asia(一種來自亞洲最南部罕見的長得象牛一樣的動(dòng)物 )和 Other endangered species that may be cloned(其他遍臨滅絕的物種)可知。 答案　B 45．The underlined words “a surrogate mother” probably refer to a female w

63、ho________. A．gives birth to a baby of its own B．cannot give birth to a baby C．gives birth to a baby for another female D．provides DNA 解析　由and a closely related species(和一種極其相近的物種 )，可知。其實(shí)通過文章意思也不難猜出它的意思。 答案　C 46．The difficulty in cloning an extinct species is the lack of________. A．bo

64、th the wellpreserved DNA and a surrogate mother B．both the habitat to live in and the wellpreserved DNA C．both the wellpreserved DNA and plants to live on D．both the habitat to live in and plants to live on 解析　由much more difficult due to the lack of properly wellpreserved DNA.(要更加困難，由于缺乏完好的妥

65、善保存的DNA。)和 What species could possibly serve as a surrogate mother？(什么物種可以作為代孕母親)可知。 答案　A 47．In the authors opinion, it is possible that________. A．a(chǎn)ll the extinct species may be cloned B．extinct species may be cloned and easily survive C．a(chǎn) gaur can have a monkey as a surrogate mother D．s

66、ome extinct species may be cloned, but not survive 解析　由even if extinct animals were brought back, they could not survive in todays world.(即使滅絕的動(dòng)物能夠被克隆回來，他們也無法在現(xiàn)今的世界中存活)可知。 答案　D D The United States government wants to know what the public thinks about its findings on the safety of cloned animals. The Food and Drug Administration says meat and milk from clones of adult cattle, pigs and goats are safe to eat. An F．D.A.official called t