鋼筋自動(dòng)折彎?rùn)C(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
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畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開(kāi)題報(bào)告
題 目 鋼筋自動(dòng)折彎?rùn)C(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
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開(kāi)題日期： 年 月 日
論 文 題 目： 鋼筋自動(dòng)折彎?rùn)C(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
一、課題簡(jiǎn)介
我國(guó)工程建筑機(jī)械行業(yè)近幾年之所以能得到快速發(fā)展，一方面通過(guò)引進(jìn)國(guó)
外先進(jìn)技術(shù)提升自身產(chǎn)品檔次和國(guó)內(nèi)勞動(dòng)力成本低廉是一個(gè)原因，另一方面
國(guó)家連續(xù)多年實(shí)施的積極的財(cái)政政策更是促使行業(yè)增長(zhǎng)的根本動(dòng)因。
受國(guó)家連續(xù)多年實(shí)施的積極財(cái)政政策的刺激，包括西部大開(kāi)發(fā)、西氣東輸、
西電東送、青藏鐵路、房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)以及公路（道路）、城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)等一
大批依托工程項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施，這對(duì)于重大建設(shè)項(xiàng)目裝備行業(yè)的工程建筑機(jī)械行
業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)可謂是難得的機(jī)遇，因此整個(gè)行業(yè)的內(nèi)需勢(shì)頭旺盛。同時(shí)受我國(guó)加入
WTO和國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)出口政策的激勵(lì)，工程建筑機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的出口形勢(shì)也明顯好轉(zhuǎn)。
我國(guó)建筑機(jī)械行業(yè)運(yùn)行的基本環(huán)境、建筑機(jī)械行業(yè)運(yùn)行的基本狀況、建筑
機(jī)械行業(yè)創(chuàng)新、建筑機(jī)械行業(yè)發(fā)展的政策環(huán)境、國(guó)內(nèi)建筑機(jī)械公司與國(guó)外建
筑機(jī)械公司的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力比較以及2004年我國(guó)建筑機(jī)械行業(yè)發(fā)展的前景趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行
了深入透徹的分析。
本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)為GW40型鋼筋彎曲機(jī),適用于建筑行業(yè)彎曲Φ6—Φ40鋼筋之用。
?? 本機(jī)工作程序簡(jiǎn)單，彎曲形狀一致，調(diào)整簡(jiǎn)單，操作方便，性能穩(wěn)定，它能將Q235Φ40圓鋼或Φ8—Φ32螺紋鋼筋彎曲成工程中所需要的各種形狀。
二、選題背景及其意義
鋼筋彎曲機(jī)屬于一種對(duì)鋼筋彎曲機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)的改進(jìn)。本實(shí)用新型包括減速機(jī)、大齒輪、小齒輪、彎曲盤面，其特征在于結(jié)構(gòu)中：雙級(jí)制動(dòng)電機(jī)與減速機(jī)直聯(lián)作一級(jí)減速；小齒輪與大齒輪嚙合作二級(jí)減速；大齒輪始終帶動(dòng)彎曲盤面旋轉(zhuǎn)；彎曲盤面上設(shè)置有中心軸孔和若干彎曲軸孔；工作臺(tái)面的定位方杠上分別設(shè)置有若干定位軸孔。由于雙級(jí)制動(dòng)電機(jī)與減速機(jī)直聯(lián)作一級(jí)減速，輸入、輸出轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)比準(zhǔn)確，彎曲速度穩(wěn)定、準(zhǔn)確，且可利用電氣自動(dòng)控制變換速度，制動(dòng)器可保證彎曲角度。利用電機(jī)的正反轉(zhuǎn)，對(duì)鋼筋進(jìn)行雙向彎曲。中心軸可替換，便于維修。可以采用智能化控制。
當(dāng)前我國(guó)正在大力發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)及城市化建設(shè),各種建筑耗費(fèi)了大量的鋼筋,其中箍筋加工的效率和質(zhì)量是最難解決的問(wèn)題之一,箍筋不僅使用量非常大,而且形狀和尺寸變化復(fù)雜,尺寸精度要求高,箍筋的制做在原鋼筋加工中是勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大,人力物力消耗大,低效率,低質(zhì)量保證的環(huán)節(jié)。隨著我國(guó)建筑行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，為了響應(yīng)政府及各建筑單位對(duì)箍筋制做自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的迫切要求，我們進(jìn)行技術(shù)攻關(guān)改進(jìn)工藝，終于在經(jīng)過(guò)不懈的努力研制出自有專利技術(shù)的-----可調(diào)速鋼筋彎曲機(jī)GW-40B
三、實(shí)施方案
本次設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)GW40型鋼筋彎曲機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)位置參數(shù)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)的簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算，結(jié)合具體實(shí)例，對(duì)機(jī)構(gòu)中兩種軸布置方式分析比較，最終確定主動(dòng)軸和從動(dòng)軸，又通過(guò)計(jì)算確定了各個(gè)齒輪的主要參數(shù)，在設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程中，系統(tǒng)主要參數(shù)的計(jì)算最為重要，直接關(guān)系到系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定和性能。最后對(duì)控制設(shè)備的選擇和電機(jī)的選擇作了簡(jiǎn)要的說(shuō)明，從而完成簡(jiǎn)GW40型可調(diào)速鋼筋彎曲機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)。
現(xiàn)結(jié)合此鋼筋彎曲機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)分述設(shè)計(jì)步驟如下:
1 、根據(jù)材料達(dá)到屈服極限時(shí)的始彎矩來(lái)確定電機(jī)的選擇：
2 、通過(guò)計(jì)算來(lái)選擇合適的V帶：
3 、相關(guān)齒輪的計(jì)算與設(shè)計(jì)：
4 、齒輪軸的設(shè)計(jì)與校核：
5 、主軸的設(shè)計(jì)：
6 、軸承的選擇：
7 、控制設(shè)備的選擇：
8 、相關(guān)電機(jī)的選擇：
四、預(yù)期成果
1、 可調(diào)速鋼筋彎曲機(jī)的總裝配圖一張以及零件圖若干(圖紙總量達(dá)2.5A0以上)
2、 設(shè)計(jì)論文一份(論文字?jǐn)?shù)大于1.2萬(wàn)字)
3、 開(kāi)題報(bào)告一份
4、 相關(guān)英語(yǔ)翻譯一份
六. 論文工作量及預(yù)期進(jìn)度
1) 2009/ / ~ 2009/ / ： 外文資料翻譯
2) 2009/ / ~2009/ / ： 搜集相關(guān)資料并調(diào)研、完成調(diào)研報(bào)告，分析可調(diào)速鋼筋彎曲機(jī)的工作原理
3) 2009/ / ~2009/ / ： 完成可調(diào)速鋼筋彎曲機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)及故障分析，完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書，繪制相關(guān)圖紙
4) 2009/ / ~2009/ / ： 整理畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書并定稿，準(zhǔn)備答辯
5) 2009/ / ~2009/ / ： 答辯
七、參考文獻(xiàn)
1. 吳宗澤主編。機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)用手冊(cè)。北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社 2000。
2. 江耕華，陳啟松主編。機(jī)械傳動(dòng)手冊(cè)。北京：煤炭工業(yè)出版社 1999。
3. 機(jī)械化科學(xué)研究院編。實(shí)用機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)。北京：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械出版社 2000。
4. 西北工業(yè)大學(xué)機(jī)械原理及機(jī)械零件教研室編。機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)。北京：高等教育出版社 2000。
5. 陳作模主編。機(jī)械原理。北京：高等教育出版社 1998。
6. 王光銓主編。機(jī)床電力拖動(dòng)與控制。北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 1999
7. 馬曉湘，鐘均祥主編。畫法幾何及機(jī)械制圖。廣州：華南理工大學(xué)出版社 2002。
8. 廖念針主編?；Q性與測(cè)量技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。北京：中國(guó)計(jì)量出版社 2002。
9. 實(shí)用機(jī)械電氣技術(shù)手冊(cè)·機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 1996
指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)
導(dǎo)師簽名：
年 月 日
開(kāi)題報(bào)告答辯評(píng)議表
評(píng)議小組意見(jiàn)
1、論文選題：□有理論意義；□有工程背景；□有實(shí)用價(jià)值 □意義不大。
2、論文的難度：□偏高；□適當(dāng)；□偏低。
3、論文的工作量：□偏大；□適當(dāng)；□偏小。
4、設(shè)計(jì)或研究方案的可行性：□好；□較好；□一般；□不可行。
5、學(xué)生對(duì)文獻(xiàn)資料及課題的了解程度：□好；□較好；□一般；□較差。
6、學(xué)生在論文選題報(bào)告中反映出的綜合能力和表達(dá)能力：
□好；□較好；□一般；□較差。
7、學(xué)生在論文選題報(bào)告中反映出的創(chuàng)新能力：
□好；□較好； 一般；□較差。
8、對(duì)論文選題報(bào)告的總體評(píng)價(jià)：□好；□較好；□一般；□較差
（在相應(yīng)的方塊內(nèi)作記號(hào)“√”）
院、系、所確定評(píng)議小組名單
（3-5人）
組長(zhǎng)： 、
組員： 、 、 、
單位蓋章 主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名： 年 月 日
評(píng)議
結(jié)論
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年 月 日
世界最新機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)理念
來(lái)源:中國(guó)科技期刊
摘要:根據(jù)目前國(guó)內(nèi)外設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)者進(jìn)行機(jī)械產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)的主要思維特點(diǎn)，將產(chǎn)品方案的設(shè)計(jì)方法概括為系統(tǒng)化、結(jié)構(gòu)模塊化、基于產(chǎn)品特征知識(shí)和智能。這幾種方法的特點(diǎn)及其相互間的有機(jī)聯(lián)系，提出產(chǎn)品方案設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)的努力方向。
關(guān)鍵詞：機(jī)械產(chǎn)品方案設(shè)計(jì)方法發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
設(shè)計(jì)文件是將語(yǔ)義設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)作為設(shè)計(jì)工具，在其開(kāi)發(fā)的活性語(yǔ)義設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)ASK中，采用結(jié)點(diǎn)和線條組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)描述設(shè)計(jì)，結(jié)點(diǎn)表示元件化的單元(如設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)、功能、構(gòu)件或加工設(shè)備等)，線條用以調(diào)整和定義結(jié)點(diǎn)間不同的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，由此為設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中的所有活動(dòng)和結(jié)果預(yù)先建立模型，使早期設(shè)計(jì)要求的定義到每一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的具體描述均可由關(guān)系間的定義表達(dá)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程由抽象到具體的飛躍。
系統(tǒng)化設(shè)計(jì)方法
系統(tǒng)化設(shè)計(jì)方法的主要特點(diǎn)是：將設(shè)計(jì)看成由若干個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)要素組成的一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，每個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)要素具有獨(dú)立性，各個(gè)要素間存在著有機(jī)的聯(lián)系，并具有層次性，所有的設(shè)計(jì)要素結(jié)合后，即可實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)所需完成的任務(wù)。
系統(tǒng)化設(shè)計(jì)思想于70年代由德國(guó)學(xué)者Pahl和Beitz教授提出，他們以系統(tǒng)理論為基礎(chǔ)，制訂了設(shè)計(jì)的一般模式，倡導(dǎo)設(shè)計(jì)工作應(yīng)具備條理性。德國(guó)工程師協(xié)會(huì)在這一設(shè)計(jì)思想的基礎(chǔ)上，制訂出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)VDI2221技術(shù)系統(tǒng)和產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)方法。
1. 將用戶需求作為產(chǎn)品功能特征構(gòu)思、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和零件設(shè)計(jì)、工藝規(guī)劃、作業(yè)控制等的基礎(chǔ)，從產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)的宏觀過(guò)程出發(fā)，利用質(zhì)量功能布置方法，系統(tǒng)地將用戶需求信息合理而有效地轉(zhuǎn)換為產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)各階段的技術(shù)目標(biāo)和作業(yè)控制規(guī)程的方法。
2. 將產(chǎn)品看作有機(jī)體層次上的生命系統(tǒng)，并借助于生命系統(tǒng)理論，把產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程劃分成功能需求層次、實(shí)現(xiàn)功能要求的概念層次和產(chǎn)品的具體設(shè)計(jì)層次。同時(shí)采用了生命系統(tǒng)圖符抽象地表達(dá)產(chǎn)品的功能要求，形成產(chǎn)品功能系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
3. 將機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)中系統(tǒng)科學(xué)的應(yīng)用歸納為兩個(gè)基本問(wèn)題：一是把要設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品作為一個(gè)系統(tǒng)處理，最佳地確定其組成部分（單元）及其相互關(guān)系；二是將產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程看成一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)，正確、合理地確定設(shè)計(jì)中各個(gè)方面的工作和各個(gè)不同的設(shè)計(jì)階段。
由于每個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)者研究問(wèn)題的角度以及考慮問(wèn)題的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同，進(jìn)行方案設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)采用的具體研究方法亦存在差異。下面介紹一些具有代表性的系統(tǒng)化設(shè)計(jì)方法。
4. 設(shè)計(jì)元素法
用五個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)元素（功能、效應(yīng)、效應(yīng)載體、形狀元素和表面參數(shù)）描述“產(chǎn)品解”，認(rèn)為一個(gè)產(chǎn)品的五個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)元素值確定之后，產(chǎn)品的所有特征和特征值即已確定。我國(guó)亦有設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)者采用了類似方法描述產(chǎn)品的原理解。
5. 圖形建模法
研制的“設(shè)計(jì)分析和引導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)”KALEIT，用層次清楚的圖形描述出產(chǎn)品的功能結(jié)構(gòu)及其相關(guān)的抽象信息，實(shí)現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)、功能關(guān)系的圖形化建模，以及功能層之間的聯(lián)接。
將設(shè)計(jì)劃分成輔助方法和信息交換兩個(gè)方面，利用Nijssen信息分析方法可以采用圖形符號(hào)、具有內(nèi)容豐富的語(yǔ)義模型結(jié)構(gòu)、可以描述集成條件、可以劃分約束類型、可以實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)系間的任意結(jié)合等特點(diǎn)，將設(shè)計(jì)方法解與信息技術(shù)進(jìn)行集成，實(shí)現(xiàn)了設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中不同抽象層間信息關(guān)系的圖形化建模。
6. “構(gòu)思”—“設(shè)計(jì)”法
將產(chǎn)品的方案設(shè)計(jì)分成“構(gòu)思”和“設(shè)計(jì)”兩個(gè)階段?！皹?gòu)思”階段的任務(wù)是尋求、選擇和組合滿足設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)要求的原理解?！霸O(shè)計(jì)”階段的工作則是具體實(shí)現(xiàn)構(gòu)思階段的原理解。
將方案的“構(gòu)思”具體描述為：根據(jù)合適的功能結(jié)構(gòu)，尋求滿足設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)要求的原理解。即功能結(jié)構(gòu)中的分功能由“結(jié)構(gòu)元素”實(shí)現(xiàn)，并將“結(jié)構(gòu)元素”間的物理聯(lián)接定義為“功能載體”，“功能載體”和“結(jié)構(gòu)元素”間的相互作用又形成了功能示意圖(機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖)。方案的“設(shè)計(jì)”是根據(jù)功能示意圖，先定性地描述所有的“功能載體”和“結(jié)構(gòu)元素”，再定量地描述所有“結(jié)構(gòu)元素”和聯(lián)接件(“功能載體”)的形狀及位置，得到結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖。Roper，H.利用圖論理論，借助于由他定義的“總設(shè)計(jì)單元(GE)”、“結(jié)構(gòu)元素(KE)”、“功能結(jié)構(gòu)元素(FKE)”、“聯(lián)接結(jié)構(gòu)元素(VKE)”、“結(jié)構(gòu)零件(KT)”、“結(jié)構(gòu)元素零件(KET)”等概念，以及描述結(jié)構(gòu)元素尺寸、位置和傳動(dòng)參數(shù)間相互關(guān)系的若干種簡(jiǎn)圖，把設(shè)計(jì)專家憑直覺(jué)設(shè)計(jì)的方法做了形式化的描述，形成了有效地應(yīng)用現(xiàn)有知識(shí)的方法，并將其應(yīng)用于“構(gòu)思”和“設(shè)計(jì)”階段。
7. 鍵合圖法
將組成系統(tǒng)元件的功能分成產(chǎn)生能量、消耗能量、轉(zhuǎn)變能量形式、傳遞能量等各種類型，并借用鍵合圖表達(dá)元件的功能解，希望將基于功能的模型與鍵合圖結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)功能結(jié)構(gòu)的自動(dòng)生成和功能結(jié)構(gòu)與鍵合圖之間的自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換，尋求由鍵合圖產(chǎn)生多個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)方案的方法。
提倡在產(chǎn)品功能分析的基礎(chǔ)上，將產(chǎn)品分解成具有某種功能的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)模塊化的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，通過(guò)選擇和組合這些模塊化基本結(jié)構(gòu)組建成不同的產(chǎn)品。這些基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以是零件、部件，甚至是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)。
本結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該具有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的接口(聯(lián)接和配合部)，并且是系列化、通用化、集成化、層次化、靈便化、經(jīng)濟(jì)化，具有互換性、相容性和相關(guān)性。我國(guó)結(jié)合軟件構(gòu)件技術(shù)和CAD技術(shù)，將變形設(shè)計(jì)與組合設(shè)計(jì)相結(jié)合，根據(jù)分級(jí)模塊化原理，將加工中心機(jī)床由大到小分為產(chǎn)品級(jí)、部件級(jí)、組件級(jí)和元件級(jí)，并利用專家知識(shí)和CAD技術(shù)將它們組合成不同品種、不同規(guī)格的功能模塊，再由這些功能模塊組合成不同的加工中心總體方案。
以設(shè)計(jì)為目錄作為選擇變異機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的工具，提出將設(shè)計(jì)的解元素進(jìn)行完整的、結(jié)構(gòu)化的編排，形成解集設(shè)計(jì)目錄。并在解集設(shè)計(jì)目錄中列出評(píng)論每一個(gè)解的附加信息，非常有利于設(shè)計(jì)工程師選擇解元素。
網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的蓬勃發(fā)展，異地協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)與制造，以及從用戶對(duì)產(chǎn)品的功能需求→設(shè)計(jì)→加工→裝配→成品這一并行工程的實(shí)現(xiàn)成為可能。但是，達(dá)到這些目標(biāo)的重要前提條件之一，就是實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品方案設(shè)計(jì)效果的三維可視化。為此，不僅三維圖形軟件、智能化設(shè)計(jì)軟件愈來(lái)愈多地應(yīng)用于產(chǎn)品的方案設(shè)計(jì)中，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)以及多媒體、超媒體工具也在產(chǎn)品的方案設(shè)計(jì)中初露鋒芒。目前，德國(guó)等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家正著力于研究超媒體技術(shù)、產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)STEP，以及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)造型語(yǔ)言上基于虛擬環(huán)境的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)交換格式)在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用。
機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的方案設(shè)計(jì)正朝著計(jì)算機(jī)輔助實(shí)現(xiàn)、智能化設(shè)計(jì)和滿足異地協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)制造需求的方向邁進(jìn)，由于產(chǎn)品方案設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)方法的研究起步較晚，目前還沒(méi)有成熟的、能夠達(dá)到上述目標(biāo)的方案設(shè)計(jì)工具軟件。作者認(rèn)為，綜合運(yùn)用文中四種類型設(shè)計(jì)方法是達(dá)到這一目標(biāo)有效途徑。雖然這些方法的綜合運(yùn)用涉及的領(lǐng)域較多，不僅與機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的領(lǐng)域知識(shí)有關(guān)，而且還涉及到系統(tǒng)工程理論、人工智能理論、計(jì)算機(jī)軟硬件工程、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)等各方面的領(lǐng)域知識(shí)，但仍然是產(chǎn)品方案設(shè)計(jì)必須努力的方向。國(guó)外在這方面的研究已初見(jiàn)成效，我國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)者也已意識(shí)到CAD技術(shù)與國(guó)際交流合作的重要性，及其應(yīng)當(dāng)采取的措施。
基于產(chǎn)品特征知識(shí)設(shè)計(jì)方法的主要特點(diǎn)是：用計(jì)算機(jī)能夠識(shí)別的語(yǔ)言描述產(chǎn)品的特征及其設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业闹R(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，建立相應(yīng)的知識(shí)庫(kù)及推理機(jī)，再利用已存儲(chǔ)的領(lǐng)域知識(shí)和建立的推理機(jī)制實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助產(chǎn)品的方案設(shè)計(jì)。
機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的方案設(shè)計(jì)主要是依據(jù)產(chǎn)品所具有的特征，以及設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业闹R(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行推量和決策，完成機(jī)構(gòu)的型、數(shù)綜合。欲實(shí)現(xiàn)這一階段的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)，必須研究知識(shí)的自動(dòng)獲取、表達(dá)、集成、協(xié)調(diào)、管理和使用。為此，國(guó)內(nèi)外設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)者針對(duì)機(jī)械系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)的自動(dòng)化處理做了大量的研究工作，采用的方法可歸納為下述幾種。
The worlds Latest Mechanical Design Conceptssource：China Science and Technology JournalAbstract:According to scholars at home and abroad to carry out mechanicaldesign product design features of the main ideas, product design method of theprogramsummarizedassystematic,modularstructure,basedonproductcharacteristics of knowledge and wisdom. The characteristics of these methods andtheir organic connection between them and put forward to achieve the computerproduct design direction.Key words: Mechanical Product Design MethodDevelopment Trends Design documents will be Semantic Web as a design tool inthe design of its Semantic Web activity of the development of ASK, using nodes andlines to describe the design a network, nodes that components of the cell (such asdesign tasks, functions, components or processing equipment, etc. ), used to adjust thelines and definitions between nodes of different semantic relations, thus the designprocess all the activities and results of pre-built models so that the definition of theearly design requirements to the specific description of each structure can be definedby the relationship between the expression, achieved a computer-aided design process,the leap from the abstract to the concrete.Asystematic design methodThe main features of a systematic design method are: the design as designed by anumber of elements of a system, the independence of each design elements, eachelement of an organic link between the existence of, and is layered, with all the designelements , you can design systems to achieve the required task.Systematic design idea in the 70s by the German scholar Professor Pahl andBeitz, the system based on the theory they developed a general pattern of the design,advocacy design work should have organized. German Engineers Association, on thebasis of this design concept to develop a standard VDI2221 technology systems andproduct development design methods.1.The user needs functional characteristics as a product concept, structuredesign and part design, process planning, job control, etc. based on the macro fromthe product development process of starting the use of quality function deploymentmethod and system to user demand information reasonably and efficiently convertedto the various stages of product development, technical goals and operational controlprocedures method.2.The level of the product life of the organism as a system, and means ofliving systems theory, the product design process can be divided into successfulhierarchy of needs to achieve the functional requirements of the conceptual level andproduct level of the specific design. At the same time life-support systems used toexpress the abstract icons of the product functional requirements, system structureformation of product features.3.The mechanical design of the application of systems science into two basicquestions: First, to be designed as a system dealing with the products, the best way todetermine its component parts (modules) and their mutual relations1; is the productdesign process as a system, according to design objectives, a correct and reasonablydetermine the various aspects of the design work and various design stage.Because each designers point of research questions and to consider the questionof emphasis, to design a specific research methods used is also different. Here aresome representative of the systematic design methods.4.Design Element MethodWith the five design elements (functions, effects, effects vector, shape, elements,and surface parameters) describe the product solutions that a product to determinethe value of the five design elements, the product of all the features and characteristicsof the value of i.e. determined. Scholars in China have adopted similar methodsdesigned to describe the products original understanding.5.Graphic modeling methodAnd developed a design analysis and guidance systems KALEIT, with thelevel of clear graphic description of a products functional structure and its associatedabstract information, to the system structure and function relationship of graphicalmodeling, and functional connection between the layers 2.Assistance will be designed to be divided into two aspects of methodology andexchange of information using the Nijssen Information Analysis Method can be usedgraphic symbols, with a rich semantic model structure, can be described as integrationconditions, can be divided into types of constraints can be achieved in relationsbetween any combination of characteristics , the design method to solve integrationand information technology to realize the design process of information betweendifferent abstraction layers between the graphical modeling.6.Concept - Design methodProducts design is divided into concept and design in two stages. Conceptphase of the task is to find, choose and mix to meet the requirements of the originalunderstanding of design tasks. Design stage of work is a concrete realization of theoriginal understanding of the conceptual stage.Of the programs idea of specific described as: In accordance with theappropriate functional structure, seeking to meet the design requirements of theoriginal understanding of the task. The functional structure of the sub-function isperformed by the structural elements to achieve, and structural elements of thephysical connection between the definition of a feature vector, feature vector andstructural elements further the interaction between the formation of the functionaldiagram ( mechanical diagram). The program design is based on functional diagram,the first qualitative description of all of the feature vector and structural elements,and then quantitatively describe all the structural elements and the connection parts( feature vectors), the shape and location to be structure diagram3. Roper, H. usinggraph theory, by means of which he defines as the total design unit (GE), structuralelements (KE), functional structural elements (FKE), connect structural elements(VKE), Structural Parts (KT), structure element part (KET) concepts, as well asdescribe the structure element size, location, and transmission parameters of theinteractions between a number of kinds of schematics, the intuitive designprofessionals have done a formal design method a description of the formation of aneffective application of existing knowledge, methods, and applied to ideas anddesign stage.7.Bond Graph MethodFunction of the composition of system components will be divided into produceenergy, consumed energy, changing energy forms, such as various types of energytransfer, and to use bond graphs to express the function component solution, hoping tofunction-based model and bond graph combine to achieve functional structure theautomatic generation and functional structure with the bond graph automaticconversion between the search for bond graph generated by a number of designmethods.To promote the product on the basis of functional analysis, the product has somefeatures broken down into one or several modular basic structure, by selection andcombination of the basic structure of these modular form into different products.These basic structures can be parts, components, or even a system.The structure should have a standardized interface (connection and co-operationdepartment),andisserialized,universal,integrated,hierarchical,agile,economic-oriented, with interchangeability, compatibility and relevance. Chinascombination of software component technology and CAD technology, variant designcombined with the modular design, according to modular principle of classification,will be divided into descending Machining Center Machine Tool product level,component level, component level and component level, and use expert knowledgeand CAD technology to combine them into different species, different specificationsof functional blocks, and then by the combination of these functions into differentmodules of the overall program processing center.To design a directory as an alternative variation of the mechanical structure ofthe tool, the solution proposed by the design elements of a complete, structured layout,the formation of the solution set design catalogs. And in the solution set designed tocomment on each one listed in the directory solution additional information, is verybeneficial to design engineers select solution elements.The vigorous development of network technology, collaborative design andmanufacturing, as well as the product from the users functional requirements design processing assembly finished product of this realization of concurrentengineering possible. However, an important prerequisite to achieve these goals oneof the conditions is to realize the effect of product design three-dimensionalvisualization. To this end, three-dimensional graphics software, more and moreintelligent design software programs used in the product design, virtual realitytechnology and multimedia, hypermedia tools for product design is also its first debut.At present, Germany and other developed countries are focused on researchhypermedia technology, product data exchange standard STEP, as well as standardvirtual reality modeling language based on a standard exchange format for virtualenvironments) in the product design applications.Mechanical product design is moving in computer-aided realization of intelligentdesign and to meet the needs of distributed collaborative design and manufacture ofdirection, due to the computer product design Study on the implementation startedlate, not yet mature, to achieve the above objectives program design tools4. Authorbelieves that the integrated use of paper, four types of design method is an effectiveway to achieve this goal. Although the integrated use of these methods are moreinvolved in the field, not only with the mechanical design of the field-relatedknowledge, but also to the systems engineering theory, artificial intelligence theory,computer hardware and software engineering, network technology areas such asdomain knowledge, it is still product design must be working for. Abroad in researchin this area has achieved initial success, our scholars have been aware of CAD designtechnology and the importance of international exchange and cooperation, and itsmeasures to be taken.Feature-based design methodology of knowledge The main features are: using acomputer can identify the language to describe the characteristics of the product andits design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to establish the appropriateknowledge base and inference engine, re-use of stored domain knowledge and theestablishment of the inference mechanism to bring computer-aided product design.The mechanical system design is mainly based on the characteristics of a product,and design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to push volume anddecision-making, the completion of body type, the number of synthesis. To achievethis stage of computer-aided design, must study the automatic acquisition ofknowledge, expression, integration, coordination, management and use. To this end,the design and scholars at home and abroad program for the mechanical systemdesign knowledge of the automated processing done a lot of research work, theapproach can be summarized into the following several.
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