2020高中英語(yǔ)人教版 選修9教師用書(shū)：Unit 4 階段質(zhì)量檢測(cè) B卷 能力素養(yǎng)提升 Word版含答案

《2020高中英語(yǔ)人教版 選修9教師用書(shū)：Unit 4 階段質(zhì)量檢測(cè) B卷 能力素養(yǎng)提升 Word版含答案》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2020高中英語(yǔ)人教版 選修9教師用書(shū)：Unit 4 階段質(zhì)量檢測(cè) B卷 能力素養(yǎng)提升 Word版含答案（14頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語(yǔ)精品資料 B卷　能力素養(yǎng)提升 【說(shuō)明】　本試卷滿分120分，考試時(shí)間100分鐘 Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分) A Raised by a single mother in Hartford, Fred Wright struggled with behavioral problems and was forced to move from one school to another. He even reached a point where he felt like he had nothing to live for. “I was

2、 walking around with a lot on my shoulders，” he said.“I couldn’t handle it. I didn’t care about life anymore.” But all that started to change when Wright met Patricia Kelly. “I was seven when I met Mrs Kelly.I wasn’t used to strictness. I wasn’t used to hearing the word ’no’，”said Wright, now 17.

3、Kelly, a former soldier and an equestrian (騎手), took Wright under her wing and helped him find hope in an unlikely place — on a horse. “Wright was like a round peg that everybody kept trying to squeeze into a square hole，” Kelly said.“He was hurting. He needed a place where he could express himself

4、. The riding field became that place for him.” For the last 30 years, Kelly has helped children stay on the right track through her nonprofit, Ebony Horsewomen. The program offers horseback riding lessons and teaches animal science to more than 300 young people a year. By exposing those children t

5、o horsemanship, Kelly aims to give them an alternative to the streets and an opportunity to turn their lives around. “We use horses as a hook to create pride, esteem and healing，” said Kelly, 66.“They learn that they have ability. They just have to unlock it.” “When you teach a child to ride a hor

6、se, they learn they are the center of their environment，” said Kelly.“Once they make that connection, they can change what happens in school, at home and in the community.” 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了 Kelly 的 Ebony Horsewomen 組織幫助那些表現(xiàn)不好的孩子成長(zhǎng)的故事。 1．Why did Fred Wright have to move from one school to anothe

7、r? A．Because his mother couldn’t afford the fees. B．Because his parents got divorced. C．Because he behaved badly at school. D．Because he didn’t set a life goal. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“Fred Wright struggled with behavioral problems and was forced to move from one school to another”可知，F(xiàn)red Wright

8、 因在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不好才被迫從一所學(xué)校轉(zhuǎn)到另一所學(xué)校。故選C。 2．How did Patricia Kelly help Fred Wright? A．She provided him with a home. B．She encouraged him to learn science. C．She exposed him to the riding field. D．She found him a better school. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段以及第五段最后一句“The riding field became that place for him.”可知，Kell

9、y教 Wright 騎馬，讓 Wright 在騎馬的過(guò)程中重獲對(duì)生活的希望。故選C。 3．What do we know about the program Ebony Horsewomen? A．It is intended to make money. B．It was founded by Patricia Kelly. C．It aims to protect the environment. D．It serves as a shelter for homeless kids. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段第一句“For the last 30 years, Kel

10、ly ...through her nonprofit, Ebony Horsewomen.”可知，在過(guò)去的30年里，Kelly 已經(jīng)通過(guò)她創(chuàng)辦的非營(yíng)利組織Ebony Horsewomen 幫助孩子們走上了正確的軌道。故選B。 4．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．Horse riding is helpful to the growth of kids. B．Patricia Kelly is a very successful woman. C．Horses are closely related to the

11、 environment. D．It is hard for a kid to learn to ride a horse. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后兩段內(nèi)容可知，Kelly建立的 Ebony Horsewomen 組織把馬作為創(chuàng)造驕傲、自尊的方法和治療的手段，讓孩子們意識(shí)到他們有能力，只是需要被發(fā)掘出來(lái)。由此可推知，騎馬對(duì)孩子們的成長(zhǎng)有幫助。故選A。 B “Developed and developing nations can learn from each other seeking a lowcarbon economy，” a Chinese governmen

12、t official said in Shanghai yesterday. “China doesn’t lag developed nations in terms of energy saving and green economy，” said Zhou Changyi, director of the energy saving department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. “While we can learn many aspects from developed nations, th

13、ey also should learn something from us, such as water conservation，” Zhou said in a speech during the new Path of China’s Industrialization forum at the ongoing China International Industry Fair 2009. He said industrialized nations and China are dealing with different issues to combat climate chang

14、e. The United Kingdom, for example, is concerned about transport, buildings and new energy in reducing carbon emissions.For China, the most urgent task is how to realize new type of industrialization and avoid mistakes that other countries made when they industrialized. As such, overseas exhibitors

15、 at this year’s fair are showing ways to help China achieve lowcarbon emissions in the industrial section. Swiss power and automation technology group ABB called for a stronger focus on product life cycle assessment, or LCA, which is used to study the environmental impact of a product from the rese

16、arch and manufacturing stage through its usage and recycling. Tobias Becker, head of ABB’s process automation division for North Asia and China, said LCA is an effective tool in helping manufacturing industries to reduce carbon emissions. LCA shows that industrial customers should focus on a produ

17、ct’s environmental impact throughout its life cycle instead of on its initial investment or ready to use stage.For example, a motor’s initial investment accounts for only 3 percent of its life cycle cost, while 94 percent goes to fuel consumption and the rest to maintenance. Richard Hausmann, North

18、 East Asia CEO of Siemens, said：“The color of future industrialization is green.” The Germany Company recently announces that it wants to receive orders worth more than 6 billion Euros ($ 8.8 billion) for intelligent net power networks, Smart Grid, over the next five years.Siemens has set a 20 perc

19、ent market share target for the global smart grid business. A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology, advanced sensors specialized computers that save energy, reduce costs and increase reliability.The United States and China are considered the two bigge

20、st markets for smart grid. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：發(fā)展中國(guó)家和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在尋求低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展上可以互相借鑒，這是他們共同的目標(biāo)。 5．The underlined word “l(fā)ag” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”． A．fall behind　　　　 　B．be superior to C．a(chǎn)ttack D．fear 解析：選A　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“China doesn’t lag developed nations in terms of energy saving and green econ

21、omy”可知， 就節(jié)能和綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)方面， 中國(guó)并不落后于發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家， 所以選擇A項(xiàng)。 6．Which of the following about LCA is TRUE? A．LCA is used to study the impact on a product. B．LCA can help manufacturing industries decrease carbon release a lot. C．LCA shows industrial customers should focus on a product’s environmental influence on its

22、initial investment. D．LCA was one of the exhibitions at this year’s fair. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段內(nèi)容可知，LCA可以幫助生產(chǎn)企業(yè)減少碳的排放，所以B項(xiàng)正確。 7．We can infer from the last paragraph of this passage that ________. A．Siemens has occupied 20 percent market share for the global smart grid business B．Siemens received or

23、ders worth 6 billion Euros recently C．Siemens will earn D|S8.8 billion from intelligent power networks D．Siemens’ plan about Smart Grid may come true in the future 解析：選D　推理判斷題。由最后一段可知，“智能電網(wǎng)”不僅可以節(jié)能、降低成本，而且還能提高可靠性。美國(guó)和中國(guó)將成為智能電網(wǎng)最大的市場(chǎng)。綜上所述可知，西門子推出的智能電網(wǎng)計(jì)劃得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很大。故D項(xiàng)正確。 8．The best title for the pas

24、sage is ________. A．Developed and Developing Nations Can Learn from Each Other B．LowCarbon Economy — a Shared Goal C．Intelligent Power Networks D．Two Biggest Markets for Smart Grid 解析：選B　標(biāo)題歸納題。文章第一段表明發(fā)展中國(guó)家和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在尋求低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展上可以互相借鑒，這是他們共同的目標(biāo)。由此可知B項(xiàng)符合。 C October 21 was a very dark day in Texas.Not

25、only did Hurricane Hanna destroy homes, but also it caused the largest business damage in Texas’s history.The worst thing is that Hanna’s destructive force nearly wiped out most power poles and power lines.According to Center Point Energy, Hurricane Hanna affected 2.15 million customers.Currently,

26、more than 4,000 of them are still in the dark.Crews have worked 16hour shifts to restore power to residents. Most of Houston seems to be returning to normal.Schools, restaurants, retail stores and gas stations are open.Smiles are back.But harderhit places, including Galveston, will take much longer

27、 to recover.Hundreds of people are still missing, and coastal towns are a mess.Some ruins from storm have drifted south to other beaches in Texas.Several public schools in Galveston are closed due to water damage.Parents are registering kids in other area schools which are scheduled to begin class o

28、n November 13.Many school supplies were destroyed. Clara Barton Village is an emergency shelter located at Alamo Elementary School in Galveston, Texas.This is where Paula Reed and her family are staying.Believe it or not, Paula Reed and her family consider this hurricane a blessing.When Paula was a

29、 girl, she was an orphan, but was taken in by her stepmother, Antonia Flores.Reed lost contact with Flores and had been trying desperately to locate her for the past few years.Before the hurricane, Reed and her family moved away from Galveston to a San Antonio shelter.There, she reunited with Flores

30、 after 30 long years！The moment they saw each other, their lives were changed. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了10月21日發(fā)生在美國(guó)田納西州的一場(chǎng)颶風(fēng)，給當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裆a(chǎn)生活帶來(lái)的嚴(yán)重影響，及最近的恢復(fù)情況。 9．What’s the most serious damage caused by Hurricane Hanna? A．Hundreds of people are still missing. B．A large number of people are homeless. C．Power

31、facilities are severely destroyed. D．Factories are closed and many people jobless. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的第三句“The worst thing is that Hanna’s destructive force nearly wiped out most power poles and power lines.”可知，颶風(fēng)“漢納”造成的最大破壞是電力設(shè)施被嚴(yán)重摧毀。故選C。 10．It can be inferred that the residents in Houston _______

32、_. A．have fully recovered from the disaster B．were the most unlucky people in the disaster C．need a long time to bring their life back to normal D．suffered less from Hanna than people in Galveston 解析：選D　推理判斷題。通讀第二段可知，休斯敦大多方面恢復(fù)了正常，而加爾維斯頓受災(zāi)較重，好多方面還沒(méi)有恢復(fù)正常，由此對(duì)比可知休斯敦的居民比加爾維斯頓的受災(zāi)情況輕。故選D。 11．Kids in

33、public schools in other areas of Houston will have to stay at home for ________. A．a(chǎn)t least one month B．a(chǎn)t least three weeks C．two weeks at most D．nearly half a month 解析：選B　數(shù)字計(jì)算題。由第一段颶風(fēng)發(fā)生的時(shí)間“October 21”和第二段的“Parents are registering kids in other area schools which are scheduled to begin class o

34、n November 13.”計(jì)算31－21＋13＝23天，知休斯敦其他地區(qū)的孩子將在家至少待3個(gè)星期，故選B。 12．Paula Reed and her family consider the hurricane a blessing because ________. A．they had nothing lost after Hurricane Hanna B．they lived a happier life in San Antonio shelter C．Paula was taken good care of in the shelter D．Paula reunit

35、ed with her stepmother after three decades 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段的“There, she reunited with Flores after 30 long years！”可知，Paula和她的家人把這場(chǎng)颶風(fēng)看作賜福的原因是Paula和她失散三十年之久的繼母重新團(tuán)聚。故選D。 D Reading keeps your brain young. Digging into a good book can literally take years off your mind, according to a recent study

36、from Rush University Medical Center. Adults who spend their free time doing creative activities (like reading) have a 32 percent slower rate of cognitive (認(rèn)知的) decline later in life than those who do not. “Brainy pursuits make the brain more efficient by changing its structure to continue functionin

37、g properly，” said Robert S．Wilson, a professor at Rush University Medical Center. Another recent study found that older adults who regularly read are two and a half times less likely to develop mental diseases. Reading boosts your vocabulary. You can still use books to expand your mental dictionar

38、y. In fact, researchers estimate that we learn 5 to 15 percent of all the words we know through reading. This is particularly important for children, whose vocabulary size is directly and dramatically related to their read. Reading improves your empathy (同感)． Stories provide lifechanging perspecti

39、ves. Giving your attention to the lives of characters strengthens your ability to understand others’ feelings. Seeing the world through the eyes of Jane Eyre, for example, may make it easier for you to understand females’ viewpoint. Reading can encourage your life goals. Reading about someone who

40、overcame obstacles may motivate you to achieve your own goals, Ohio State University researchers found. If you’d like a salary raise, thinking about how a character in the book did so may give you the courage to make the same request. The more you identify with a character and experience the events

41、as if they were happening to you, the more likely you’ll be to take action. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：有人說(shuō)：圖書(shū)館是一座天堂。的確，那里光芒萬(wàn)丈，流水潺潺，果樹(shù)遍地，讀一本好書(shū)便是一輩子的收獲。 13．How does reading keep your brain young? A．By creating activities of the brain. B．By reducing the number of diseases. C．By slowing the rate of your cognition. D．By

42、 making the brain function constantly. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的“Brainy pursuits make the brain more efficient by changing its structure to continue functioning properly”可知答案。 14．The writer mentions Jane Eyre to prove that reading can help ________. A．fight against life’s misfortunes B．view the world di

43、fferently C．make you way to success D．understand others easily 解析：選D　推理判斷題。由第三段可知閱讀使我們更容易了解別人。 15．What’s the author’s attitude towards reading? A．Skeptical.　　　　 　B．Opposed. C．Supportive. D．Sincere. 解析：選C　態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題。由整篇文章內(nèi)容可知，作者非常支持讀書(shū)。 Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分) Do’s and Don’ts of Donating Givi

44、ng up your unused or unwanted stuff is a great way to make space in your home for the items that you do enjoy on a regular basis. __16__ Here are four do’s and don’ts of donating your belongings. Do Prep Your Clothes You’ve thoroughly cleaned out your closets and drawers, and have a mountain of

45、clothing waiting to be donated. Before you bag up these pieces, inspect each one to ensure that they’re in good condition. Make sure all buttons are fastened, and that you can’t see any stain. __17__ Don’t Donate Damaged Items The number one rule of donating your stuff is to make sure that it’s in

46、 a good, usable condition. Don’t donate clothes or furniture with rips (裂口), chipped dishes, or books that are missing pages. __18__ Find a local company that will recycle these items instead. Do Donate More than Just Clothes __19__ Stuffed animals, framed pictures, unused candles, small power to

47、ols, sports equipment, ornaments, baskets, blenders, dishes, glassware, silverware, pots and pans, curtains, blankets, toasters, mixers, pillows, towels, bed sheets, bikes, and exercise equipment are very popular donations. __20__ With a little common sense it’s easy to figure out items that are i

48、deal for donation. But unfortunately some people will throw away the contents of their home without a second thought. As a gentle reminder, it’s never a good idea to donate car parts, flammable products, construction materials, weapons, or explosives. A．Nobody wants to inherit your damaged belongin

49、gs. B．Food donations are always in need. C．Don’t Even Think of Donating These Items D．Not sure where to start? E．Don’t Donate Large Appliances F．Clothes aren’t the only household item that can be donated. G．Wash the items to make them fresh and ready for their new owners. 答案：16～20　DGAFC Ⅲ.完形

50、填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分) A pastor (牧師) had a kitten that climbed up a tree in his backyard and then was afraid to come down. He 　21　 warm milk, and even a small fish. But the kitten wouldn’t come down. The tree was not __22__ enough to climb, so the pastor decided to tie a rope to his __23__ and pu

51、ll it until the tree bent down so that he could then __24__ and get the kitten. That’s what he did, all the while checking his __25__ in the car. He then figured if he went just a little bit __26__， the tree would be bent low enough for him to reach the kitten. But as he __27__ the car a little fur

52、ther forward, the rope broke. The __28__ went “boing” and the kitten instantly sailed through the air — out of __29__. The pastor felt terrible. He walked all over the __30__ asking people if they’d seen a little kitten. __31__ had seen a stray (迷途的) kitten. He met one of his church __32__ at the

53、 grocery store a few days later. He __33__ to look into her shopping cart and was __34__ to see cat food. This woman was a cat __35__， so he asked her why she was buying cat food. “You won’t __36__ this，” she replied, and then told him how her little girl had been begging her for a cat, but she kep

54、t __37__. Then a few days before, the child had begged again, so __38__ the Mom told her little girl, “Well, if __39__ gives you a cat, I’ll let you keep it.” She told the pastor, “I watched my child go out in the yard, get on her __40__， and pray. And really, Pastor, I saw it with my own eyes. A k

55、itten suddenly came flying out of the blue sky, with its paws (爪子) outspread, and landed right in front of her.” 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。牧師的小貓爬上了一棵樹(shù)，他想辦法讓貓下來(lái)，于是他用車綁了繩子想把樹(shù)拉彎，以便能夠到小貓。但繩子突然斷了，樹(shù)彈了回去，樹(shù)上的小貓也飛了出去，不見(jiàn)了。經(jīng)過(guò)幾天的尋找，他終于知道了小貓的去向。 21．A.reserved　　　　　 　B．made C．offered D．collected 解析：選C　根據(jù)前后句可知，貓?jiān)跇?shù)上不肯下來(lái)，牧

56、師給它牛奶和魚(yú)想讓它下來(lái)。offer“提供”，符合語(yǔ)境。 22．A.strong B．tall C．easy D．tight 解析：選A　根據(jù)本句中的“so the pastor decided to tie a rope to his ________ and pull it until the tree bent down”可知，樹(shù)不夠粗壯，牧師不能爬上去。strong“強(qiáng)壯的”，符合語(yǔ)境。 23．A.kitten B．car C．body D．church 解析：選B　根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“the car”可知，他把繩子系到小汽車上，然后向前開(kāi)車直到樹(shù)彎曲。故

57、答案選B。 24．A.come up B．jump up C．look up D．reach up 解析：選D　根據(jù)本句中的“get the kitten”可知，樹(shù)彎曲之后他才能抬起手夠到貓。reach up“抬起(手)”，符合語(yǔ)境。come up“走近，發(fā)生”；jump up“跳起來(lái)”；look up“查閱”。故答案選D。 25．A.progress B．patience C．strength D．competence 解析：選A　根據(jù)后面兩句話可知，他一直注意著車子的前進(jìn)情況。progress“前進(jìn)”，符合語(yǔ)境。patience“耐心”；strength“力氣”

58、；competence“能力”。故答案選A。 26．A.faster B．further C．firmer D．closer 解析：選B　根據(jù)后面的“a little further forward”可知，答案選B。 27．A.backed B．ordered C．moved D．pushed 解析：選C　句意：但是當(dāng)他把車子又向前移動(dòng)了一點(diǎn)時(shí)，繩子突然斷了。move“移動(dòng)”，符合語(yǔ)境。 28．A.tree B．pastor C．rope D．fish 解析：選A　根據(jù)“boing”可知，此處指樹(shù)發(fā)出的斷裂聲。故答案選A。 29．A.mind B

59、．place C．control D．sight 解析：選D　根據(jù)下文他問(wèn)人們是否看到一只貓可知，貓不見(jiàn)了。out of sight“看不見(jiàn)”，符合語(yǔ)境。 30．A.backyard B．neighborhood C．country D．city 解析：選B　根據(jù)下文他問(wèn)人們是否看到貓可知，他走訪了周圍的鄰居。neighborhood“街坊，附近”，符合語(yǔ)境。 31．A.Everybody B．Somebody C．Anybody D．Nobody 解析：選D　根據(jù)下文牧師幾天后才知道貓的下落可知，當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有人(Nobody)看見(jiàn)過(guò)一只迷路的貓。 32．A.

60、workers B．a(chǎn)ssistants C．members D．performers 解析：選C　根據(jù)下文可知，他遇見(jiàn)了他的一個(gè)教堂成員。member“成員”，符合語(yǔ)境。 33．A.seemed B．happened C．pretended D．begged 解析：選B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，他碰巧看了看她的購(gòu)物車。happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”，符合語(yǔ)境。 34．A.amazed B．embarrassed C．pleased D．sorry 解析：選A　根據(jù)下文可知，這位女士不喜歡貓，所以牧師看到她買貓食感到很驚奇。amazed“驚奇的”

61、，符合語(yǔ)境。 35．A.catcher B．owner C．hater D．seller 解析：選C　根據(jù)下文牧師問(wèn)她為什么買貓食可知，此處表示這位女士是痛恨貓的人。hater“痛恨者”，符合語(yǔ)境。 36．A.invent B．love C．believe D．mean 解析：選C　由下文她給牧師講述的這件奇怪的事可知，她認(rèn)為牧師不會(huì)相信這件事。believe“相信”，符合語(yǔ)境。 37．A.refusing B．begging C．praying D．explaining 解析：選A　根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“but”可知，女兒一直懇求她想要一只貓，但她總是拒絕。

62、refuse“拒絕”，符合語(yǔ)境。 38．A.actually B．finally C．calmly D．gratefully 解析：選B　根據(jù)上文可知，幾天前，孩子再一次懇求她，于是她最終對(duì)女兒說(shuō)：“如果上帝給你一只貓，我就讓你養(yǎng)它?！?finally“最終”，符合語(yǔ)境。 39．A.the pastor B．someone C．Dad D．God 解析：選D　根據(jù)下文中的“pray”可知，此處是指“如果上帝(God)給你一只貓，我就讓你養(yǎng)它”。 40．A.arms B．knees C．hands D．feet 解析：選B　根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，祈禱應(yīng)該跪下來(lái)。

63、get on one’s knees“跪下，屈膝”，符合語(yǔ)境。 Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分) Philip was a junior office assistant in a large company. He was quite ambitious, so he was keen to make a good __41__ (impress) on the boss. He often stayed late at the office, to show __42__ committed and hardworking he was. One evenin

64、g, he was just __43__ to go home when he saw his boss __44__ (stand) in front of the shredder (碎紙機(jī)), holding a document. “Ah, Philip! I’m glad you’re still here in the office！”said the boss，“Good __45__ (see) all your hard work and professionalism. Now I wonder if you could help me.” “Of course，”

65、replied Philip.“It’s no trouble.” “Good man! You see, my secretary has already gone home __46__ I haven’t got a clue how this thing works. It’s so important that I have to get this done before tomorrow. If you __47__ (can) do this one more thing before you go home, I’d __48__ (real) appreciate it.

66、” “No problem，” said Philip, __49__ (happiness) to be asked to do such a simple job. He took the document from his boss, turned on the machine, inserted the document and pressed the start button. “That’s excellent，” said the boss, as the document vanished into the shredder (碎紙機(jī)). “I just need two __50__ (copy)．” 答案：41.impression　42.how　43.about　44.standing 45．to see　46.and　47.could　48.really　49.happy 50．copies Ⅴ.短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分) I can well remember if I didn’t pass the Ch