2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)題 Unit 3 Life in the future（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

Life in the future一、閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng)), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a mercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊狀物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017. Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday food beeswax also allows them to break down plastic. Wax is a plex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, she explains, The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But pared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. 1. What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food. B. They are newly evolved creatures. C. They can consume plastics. D. They wind up in landfills. 2. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to . A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed3. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might . A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceansD. be produced in factories in future4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms. B. To introduce the diet of a special worm. C. To present a way to break down plastics. D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance. 【文章大意】本文為說明文。文章介紹了一種吃塑料的蟲子大蠟螟，它胃中的酶能夠降解塑料，這為解決塑料污染提供了新的途徑。1.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday food beeswax also allows them to break down plastic. 可知，研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，蠕蟲分解日常食物的能力讓它們可以分解塑料，也就是說它們可以消費(fèi)塑料。故選C。 3.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. 可以推斷出，Bertocchini希望這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)將來能在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中使用，而不是僅僅依靠蠕蟲來分解塑料。故選D。4.C 【解析】寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. 可知，有一種新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根據(jù)最后一段最后一句But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. 可知，Bertocchini希望將這種方法推廣到工業(yè)中。由此可以推知寫作意圖為介紹一種分解塑料的方法。故選C。二、教材與語(yǔ)法填空根據(jù)教材課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。I went into the future because I 1. (win) a prize that gave me 2. tour. I suffered from “time lag” when I left my own time. Wang Ping gave me some green tablets 3. could help me feel 4. (little) nervous and uncertain. 5. (he) parents pany, 6. (call) “Future Tours”， transported me 7. (safe) into the future in a time capsule. The first thing I noticed was the poor quality of the air, so my head ached. And I found several things 8. (differently): a mask to give me enough oxygen; a hovering carriage driven by puter; a strangelooking house 9. (belong) to Wang Pings parents. There the trees acted as walls and provided oxygen 10. the room; a table, some chairs and a bed rose from under the floor as if by magic.答案：1.had won2.a3.which/that4.less5.His6called7.safely8.different9.belonging10.for三、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。A Letter to My DadFour years ago we found out about the cancer growing inside you.You told me the news that it had already spread and that you didnt know how long you had _1_.I was still at university.A parent dying was something that happened to _2_ peoplepeople older than me.I spent the first few months in_3_.For the first time I felt_4_.I wished I could just _5_ you and take the cancer out.But there was nothing I could do.Weve been_6_.You reacted well to treatment and youre still here，though we dont know for how much _7_.Ive always wanted to say that I love you，and that Im_8_ for everything youve given me.But I cant.It feels like it is this unwritten_9_ in our fatherson relationship that_10_ it.Youre a man conservative and guarded with your _11_.You keep them to yourself and _12_ others to do the same.But I know you _13_.Ive seen your proud looks when Ive told you about my _14_ at work and school over the years.Ive seen your_15_ when things havent gone well.I remember all the offers of help.I wish we could talk about what we _16_ to each other.I wish you could tell me youre _17_ and I could tell you I love you.I wish these _18_ concepts of masculinity(男子氣概)werent so deeply _19_ in both of us.Maybe we will still see our way to that _20_ before you go.But whatever the case，I just need to say itI love you，and thank you.1A.waited BleftCsuffered Dstayed2A.any BfewCother Dall3A.doubt BangerCvain Dshock4A.powerless BnervousClost Dbored5A.reach into Bturn toCstand by Dlook into6A.confused BluckyCactive Dhopeless7A.better BdeeperClonger Dfurther8A.eager BgratefulCregretful Ddesperate9A.letter BwordCidea Drule10A.prevents BchangesCdestroys Dtransforms11A.illnesses BfeelingsCbelongings Dopinions12A.require BexpectCallow Dpersuade13A.lie BunderstandCcare Dfear14A.achievements BdifficultiesCgoals Dexperiences15A.power BangerCcuriosity Dconcern16A.have BgiveCleave Dmean17A.conservative BbraveCproud Dhelpful18A.absurd BimportantCuseful Dpopular19A.lost BtrappedCrooted Dcovered20A.situation BsolutionCachievement Dconversation【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】你以為你對(duì)他的愛很深沉，這是你了解的；你不了解的是，他對(duì)你的愛比你的深沉一萬倍。對(duì)父母的愛，要怎么才說得出口？別太晚。如果沒有勇氣當(dāng)面表達(dá)，就寫封信來告訴他。1B四年前作者發(fā)現(xiàn)父親身患癌癥，癌細(xì)胞已經(jīng)擴(kuò)散，因此，此處指不知道還能活多久。how long you had left是“你還剩下多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”的意思，left用作后置定語(yǔ)。故選B項(xiàng)。2C根據(jù)該空后的people older than me可判斷，作者以為父(母)親垂死這件事只會(huì)發(fā)生在比他年齡更大的人身上。故選C項(xiàng)。3Din doubt意為“懷疑”；in anger意為“生氣地”；in vain 意為“徒勞無益地”；in shock意為“震驚地；吃驚地”。聽到父親患癌這件事，作者當(dāng)然是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地感到震驚。故選D項(xiàng)。刷有所得方法：做完形填空題時(shí)，有些題要注意該空前后的介詞、副詞等。有時(shí)需要分別把選項(xiàng)與前后的介詞、副詞相搭配，再判斷它們搭配后哪個(gè)短語(yǔ)的意思更符合上下文的邏輯。4A根據(jù)下文But there was nothing I could do.可知，作者什么都做不了，由此可推測(cè)，此處指作者感到無能為力。powerless意為“無能為力的”；nervous意為“緊張不安的；焦慮的”；lost意為“迷路的；不知所措的”；bored意為“厭煩的；煩悶的”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選A項(xiàng)。5A根據(jù)下文and take the cancer out可知，此處指作者希望可以進(jìn)入父親的身體拿走癌細(xì)胞。reach into意為“伸進(jìn)；伸入”；turn to意為“轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于”；stand by意為“袖手旁觀；支持”；look into意為“調(diào)查”。故選A項(xiàng)。6B根據(jù)該空后面的You reacted well to treatment and youre still here可知，作者的父親對(duì)治療反應(yīng)很好并且依然還活著，所以作者一家感覺是幸運(yùn)的(lucky)。故選B項(xiàng)。confused意為“困惑的；混亂的”；active意為“積極的”；hopeless意為“沒有希望的”。7C父親的治療效果很好，“我們”很幸運(yùn)，雖然不知道父親還能堅(jiān)持多久，但是他還活著。better意為“更好”；deeper意為“更深”；longer意為“更長(zhǎng)久”；further意為“更遠(yuǎn)”。故選C項(xiàng)。8B根據(jù)設(shè)空后的everything youve given me可知，作者在此表達(dá)對(duì)父親的感激之情。eager意為“渴望的；熱切的”；grateful意為“感激的”；regretful意為“遺憾的；后悔的”；desperate意為“絕望的”。故選B項(xiàng)。9D句意為：好像在我們的父子關(guān)系上就是這不成文的規(guī)則阻止了這句話被說出口。unwritten rule意為“不成文的規(guī)則”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。10A根據(jù)下文的Youre a man conservative和You keep them to yourself可知，父親很保守，所以這一不成文的規(guī)則阻止了父愛的表達(dá)。prevent意為“阻止；防止”；change意為“改變”；destroy 意為“破壞；摧毀”；transform意為“使改觀；使轉(zhuǎn)化”。故選A項(xiàng)。11Bguarded意為“謹(jǐn)慎的”，結(jié)合下文的You keep them to yourself可知，此處指父親是一個(gè)保守的、對(duì)情感(feelings)謹(jǐn)慎的人。conservative and guarded with your feelings作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的a man。故選B項(xiàng)。illness意為“疾病”；belongings意為“所有物”；opinion意為“觀點(diǎn)”。12B根據(jù)前文對(duì)父親的描述conservative, guarded with your _可知，父親收斂自己的感情，希望別人也這樣做。require意為“要求”；expect意為“期望；盼望”；allow意為“允許”；persuade意為“勸說；說服”。故選B項(xiàng)。13C根據(jù)下文的Ive seen your proud looks可知，父親是很在意兒子的。lie意為“撒謊”；understand意為“理解”；care意為“在意；在乎”；fear意為“害怕”。故選C項(xiàng)。14A根據(jù)前面的your proud looks可知，父親自豪的應(yīng)該是作者取得的成就(achievements)。故選A項(xiàng)。difficulty意為“困難”；goal意為“目標(biāo)”；experience意為“經(jīng)歷”。15D根據(jù)設(shè)空后的when things havent gone well及I remember all the offers of help.可知，當(dāng)事情進(jìn)展不順利時(shí)，父親會(huì)主動(dòng)提供幫助，因此可知，父親是關(guān)心兒子的。power意為“力量；權(quán)力”；anger意為“憤怒；生氣”；curiosity意為“好奇心”；concern意為“擔(dān)心；憂慮”。故選D項(xiàng)。16D結(jié)合下文I wish you could tell me youre _ and I could tell you I love you.可知，作者希望父親能夠告訴他父親是如何想的，作者也能告訴父親作者愛他。由此可推測(cè)，此處指作者希望能夠與父親談?wù)撍麄儗?duì)彼此意味著(mean)什么。故選D項(xiàng)。17C根據(jù)上文的your proud looks可知，此處指作者希望父親能夠告訴他父親為他而自豪。conservative意為“守舊的；保守的”；brave意為“勇敢的”；proud 意為“驕傲的；自豪的”；helpful 意為“有幫助的”。故選C項(xiàng)。18A根據(jù)上一題解析及空后的masculinity可知，此處指作者希望這些荒謬的大男子觀念不會(huì)在他和父親的心中根深蒂固。absurd意為“荒唐的；可笑的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。important意為“重要的”；useful意為“有用的”；popular意為“流行的”。19C根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指作者希望這樣的大男子觀念不要根深蒂固。lost in意為“迷失在”；trapped in意為“陷入”；rooted in意為“植根于；深植于”；covered in意為“被覆蓋”故選C項(xiàng)。20D根據(jù)上文的talk about可知，此處指作者與父親的談話(conversation)。故選D項(xiàng)。四、教材與話題寫作()用本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)完成下列句子。1隨著科技的發(fā)展， 我對(duì)未來生活持樂觀態(tài)度。(be optimistic about) 答案：With the development of science and technology, I am optimistic about life in the future.2到那時(shí)我們生活的環(huán)境更舒適、 美麗。 (surroundings) 答案：By that time, the surroundings where we live will be more fortable and beautiful.3太陽(yáng)能、 風(fēng)能將會(huì)被充分利用， 海水也會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變成能源， 人們?cè)僖膊挥脫?dān)心缺乏能源。 (be switched into; lack of energy) 答案：People will not worry about lack of energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of and sea water will be switched into energy as well.4我們不但被提供豐富的衣食， 而且我們可以花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間周游世界。(not only.but also; provide.with) 答案：We will not only be provided with enough food and clothing, but we can also spend more time travelling around the world.5正是因?yàn)楣ぷ餍矢吡耍?我們?cè)诠ぷ鲗W(xué)習(xí)上的壓力將會(huì)更小。 (efficiently; stress) 答案：We will have less stress either from our study or work because we can work more efficiently.()將以上句子連成短文，要求銜接連貫、過渡自然。 五、下面是李華的一篇作文，文中有五處錯(cuò)誤，改正錯(cuò)誤并背誦該文。As the development of science and technology, I am optimistic about life in the future. By that time, the surroundings which we live will be more fortable and beautiful. People will not worry about lack energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of and sea water will be switched into energy as well.Not only will we be provided with enough food and clothing, but we can also spend more time travel around the world. Furthermore, it is because of we can work more efficiently that we will have less stress either from our study or work.答案： the development of science and technology, I am optimistic about life in the future. By that time, the surroundings we live will be more fortable and beautiful. People will not worry about lack energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of and sea water will be switched into energy as well.Not only will we be provided with enough food and clothing, but we can also spend more time around the world. Furthermore, it is because we can work more efficiently that we will have less stress either from our study or work.