2019版高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)習(xí)選題 Unit 4 Global warming（含解析）新人教版選修6.doc

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Global warming 一、閱讀理解。 Robots industry is developing so rapidly that there is no denying that we may one day find ourselves surrounded by robots. The humanoid (human like) robots with two legs such as Honda Motor Co. Ltd’s ASIMO would likely have an easier time climbing up stairs inside homes than a robot that moves on wheels, developers say. But it will be some time before such devices make their way into people’s homes. “They may look smart, but they are still quite stupid, ” Shimoyama said. “I don’t think they will ever be as smart as humans. ” While safety is an obvious concern, robots also need to be sensitive to people’s needs. Researchers at Fujitsu Frontech Ltd and Fujitsu Laboratories responsible for developing “Enon”, a guide and patrol (巡邏) robot designed for use in shopping malls and corporate facilities (公共場所), are working on this. Enon, which has a humanoid upper body but no legs, is equipped with a touch screen on its chest and space in its stomach to carry loads weighting up to 10 kg. In guide mode, it will check a newer and approach the person with a nod and a greeting: “Are you a visitor? Hello. ” Visitors requiring directions can point to icons (圖標(biāo)) displayed on Enon’s chest screen. If the restroom icon is pressed, the screen will display a map that shows the way. The robot will then face and point in the direction of the restroom, although it won’t actually walk the visitor there. Enon is now in use at four locations in Japan, including a shopping mall near Tokyo. The main goal is to make it more helpful for the elderly. “People who work in the transportation sector often ask whether we can build a robot that will find elderly people who look lost in train stations, and ask them if they are all right, ” said Toshihido Marita, director of Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd’s autonomous system laboratory. “Actually that is hard to do, very hard, ” he said. 【文章大意】機(jī)器人產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展得如此迅速, 在本文中作者介紹了名叫“Enon”的機(jī)器人, 它被廣泛應(yīng)用在商場、醫(yī)院等公眾場所。 1. What can we know about robots according to the text? A. They will replace human one day. B. They are difficult to control. C. They can do whatever humans do. D. They will be widely used in our life. 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。文章首段提出“Robots industry is developing so rapidly that there is no denying that we may one day find ourselves surrounded by robots. ”然后在下文詳細(xì)介紹了幾種機(jī)器人, 由此判斷選D。 2. What does Shimoyama think of robots? A. Safe. 　　 B. Friendly. 　　 C. Stupid. 　　 D. Kind-hearted. 【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“They may look smart, but they are still quite stupid, ”可知他認(rèn)為機(jī)器人很愚笨, 故選C。 3. What is people’s concern about robots? A. Safety. 　 B. Appearance. 　 C. Weight. 　　 D. Size. 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“While safety is an obvious concern, robots also need to be sensitive to people’s needs. ” 可以判斷安全是人們關(guān)注的一個問題, 故選A。 4. What can be the best title for the passage? A. The disadvantages of robots. B. The development and use of robots. C. The benefits that robots bring. D. The history of robots. 【解析】選B。主旨大意題。文章首先介紹了機(jī)器人的迅速發(fā)展, 然后介紹了幾種用來幫助人們的機(jī)器人, 由此判斷文章主要介紹機(jī)器人的發(fā)展和使用, 故選B。 二、單句語法填空 1．Father is strongly opposed to ________ (go) shopping on Sunday because the streets and supermarkets are full of people. 答案：going　be opposed to ... “反對……”，其中to為介詞，其后應(yīng)接名詞、動名詞作賓語。 2．The prices of this kind of wine ranged ________ ten yuan ________ 100 yuan per bottle. 答案：from; to　range from ... to ... “在某范圍內(nèi)變化”。 3．Though he is less than one year old, he is strong enough to walk ________ (steady)． 答案：steadily　副詞作狀語，在句中修飾動詞walk。 4．Do you know how the accident came ________ ? 答案：about　e about “發(fā)生”。 5．With Spring Festival approaching, prices of fruit and vegetables ________ (go) up. 答案：have gone　go up “上升；增長；升起”。 6．Quantities of money ________ (spend) in bringing up the children since they were married. 答案：have been spent　“a quantity of＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞與名詞的數(shù)保持一致；而“quantities of＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。且由since可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，再根據(jù)money與spend之間的被動關(guān)系，故填have been spent。 7．How many times do you dine out per week ________ average? 答案：on　on average “平均起來；平均來說”。句意：你平均每周在外用餐多少次？ 8．Under these ________ (circumstance), what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitude. 答案：circumstances　under these circumstances “在這些情況下”。 9．The gap between the rich and the poor has a ________ (tend) to bee wider and wider. 答案：tendency　由設(shè)空前的a可知，應(yīng)填名詞形式，tendency “趨勢；傾向”。 10．The heavy snow can easily result ________ many accidents in winter. 答案：in　result in “導(dǎo)致”。 三、完形填空。 When I was young, like you, I had a dream. But my dream wasnt like that of an __1__ kid. It was to be the best tennis player __2__ simply the best “female” one in the world. __3__， I had a family encouraging me to follow my dream. I learned how important it is to __4__ a dream and to dream big. My fight began when I was three and I havent taken a __5__ since. But too often, most women are not supported or are __6__ from choosing their path. I hope it could be changed. For me, it was a __7__ of resilience (堅(jiān)忍). What others marked as __8__ about me — my race, my gender—I accepted as fuel for my success. I never let anything or anyone __9__ me. I controlled my future. When it es to equal pay, it frustrates me __10__ I know firsthand that gender differences exist. I would __11__ want my daughter to be paid less than my son for the same work. Women have to __12__ many barriers to success. One is that we are constantly __13__ we are not men. People call me one of the “worlds greatest female athletes”. Why dont they say LeBron is one of the worlds best male athletes? We should never let this go __14__. We should be judged by our achievements but not __15__. For everything I have achieved, I am __16__ to have experienced the highs and lows that e __17__ success. I hope my story will be a(n) __18__ for women to fight for their dreams. We must __19__ to dream big, and in doing so, we enable the next generation of women to be __20__ in their pursuit. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇記敘文。作者以自己的事為例呼吁全體女性勇敢追求成功，為爭取性別平等而不懈努力。 1．A.ambitious B．excellent C．a(chǎn)verage D．energetic 答案與解析：C　根據(jù)第一段第三句“It was to be the best tennis player”以及倒數(shù)第二段“People call me... Why dont they say LeBron is one of the worlds best male athletes？”可知，此處指作者說自己小時候的理想與普通孩子的是不同的，故選average“普通的，一般的”。ambitious“有野心的，有雄心的”； excellent“優(yōu)秀的”； energetic“精力充沛的”。 2．A.instead of B．regardless of C．other than D．more than 答案與解析：A　結(jié)合本文主旨以及倒數(shù)第二段中的“People call me one of the ‘worlds greatest female athletes’. Why dont they say LeBron is one of the worlds best male athletes？”可知，作者希望男女平等，所以作者在此強(qiáng)調(diào)的是自己的理想是做世界上最好的網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動員，而不是最好的女網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動員。instead of“而不是”；regardless of“不管，不顧”；other than“除了”；more than“多于，超出”。 3．A.Hopefully B．Fortunately C．Obviously D．Generally 答案與解析：B幸運(yùn)的是(Fortunately)，作者有鼓勵她追尋自己的夢想的家人。此處亦與第三段中的“But too often，most women are not supported...”形成對比。hopefully“有希望地”；obviously“明顯地”；generally“普遍地”。 4．A.make up B．set up C．care for D．push for 答案與解析：D根據(jù)下文中的“My fight began when...”“fight for their dreams”可知，這里指作者知道了為夢想而努力是多么重要。push for“為……而努力，力爭”。make up“編造，構(gòu)成”；set up“設(shè)立，建立”； care for“照顧”。 5．A.risk B．leave C．break D．chance 答案與解析：C作者從三歲時就開始為理想奮斗，自此一直從未間斷。break“暫停，中斷”，符合語境。 6．A.defended B．excused C．discouraged D．dismissed 答案與解析：C但是通常，大多數(shù)女性不被支持，或者被阻止去選擇自己的道路。discourage“阻止，阻撓”，符合語境。defend“保衛(wèi)，保護(hù)”；excuse“同意免除”；dismiss“去除，摒除”。 7．A.thought B．question C．moment D．bonus 答案與解析：B作者希望這種境況可以改變，在作者看來，這是有關(guān)“堅(jiān)忍”的問題(question)。thought“想法”；moment“時刻”；bonus“意外收獲，獎金”。 8．A.disadvantages B．concerns C．qualifications D．personalities 答案與解析：A根據(jù)下文中的“my race, my gender”“I accepted as fuel for my success”可知，此處指被別人列為作者的劣勢(disadvantages)的東西，比如她的種族，她的性別，作者將它們視為追求成功的動力。concern“擔(dān)憂”；qualification“資格”；personality“個性”。 9．A.ignore B．a(chǎn)ttack C．fort D．limit 答案與解析：D根據(jù)下文中的“I controlled my future.”可知，作者從不讓任何事或任何人來限制自己，而是自己主宰自己的未來。limit“限制”，符合語境。 10．A.although B．because C．unless D．if 答案與解析：B當(dāng)談起同工同酬問題時，作者感到懊惱，因?yàn)樗约河H身體驗(yàn)到性別差異的存在。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，前后句之間是因果關(guān)系，且前面是果，后面是因。故用because。 11．A.ever B．even C．never D．just 答案與解析：C根據(jù)語境可知，作者永遠(yuǎn)不希望看到干了同樣的工作，女兒得到的報(bào)酬卻比兒子的少。never“從不，絕不”。 12．A.break down B．take after C．lay aside D．put away 答案與解析：A為了獲取成功，女性不得不打破許多障礙。break down“打破，消除”，符合語境。take after“追趕，跟蹤”；lay aside“留存?zhèn)溆?，把……放在一邊”；put away“猛吃，積蓄，把……收起來”。 13．A.informed B．reminded C．a(chǎn)ssured D．criticized 答案與解析：B其中一個障礙就是總有人提醒我們不是男性。remind“提醒，使想起”，符合語境。inform“通知，告知”；assure“使確信”；criticize“批判”。 14．A.unchallenged B．unpunished C．unpleted D．uncontrolled 答案與解析：A根據(jù)語境可知，作者在此想表達(dá)的是女性不能對此置之不理，而要敢于質(zhì)疑。unchallenged“不被懷疑的，完全接受的，沒有異議的”，符合語境。unpunished“未受懲罰的”；unpleted“未完成的”；uncontrolled“未受控制的，不加約束的”。 15．A.appearance B．position C．background D．gender 答案與解析：D對我們的評價(jià)應(yīng)該依據(jù)我們的成就而不是我們的性別。gender“性別”，符合語境。appearance“外貌”；position“職位”；background“出身背景，學(xué)歷”。 16．A.superior B．grateful C．indifferent D．preferable 答案與解析：B作者從心底里感謝已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過的伴隨成功而來的起起伏伏。grateful“感激的，表示感謝的”，符合語境。superior“更好的，占優(yōu)勢”；indifferent“不感興趣，漠不關(guān)心”；preferable“更可取的，更合適的”。 17．A.with B．through C．from D．beyond 答案與解析：A參見上題解析。with“和，隨著”，符合語境。 18．A.intention B．inspiration C．solution D．expectation 答案與解析：B作者希望她的故事可以激勵女性為她們的夢想而奮斗。inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)，使人產(chǎn)生動機(jī)的人(或事物)”，符合語境。intention“意圖”；solution“解決方法”；expectation“期待”。 19．A.pause B．a(chǎn)gree C．promise D．continue 答案與解析：D女性必須繼續(xù)心懷遠(yuǎn)大的理想，這樣做的話，我們就給予下一代女性力量，給予她們追求成功的勇氣。下文中的“the next generation”是暗示。continue“繼續(xù)”，符合語境。 20．A.expert B．enthusiastic C．brave D．learned 答案與解析：C參見上題解析。expert“內(nèi)行的，經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的”；enthusiastic“熱情的”；brave“勇敢的”；learned“有學(xué)問的，博學(xué)的”。 四、單句改錯 1．The doctor treated average of 20 patients per day. ______________________________________________________ 答案：average前加an　an average of ... “平均有……”。 2．It always take me two hours to finish my homework. ______________________________________________________ 答案：take→takes　It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. “某人花費(fèi)……時間做某事”，本句描述一般事實(shí)。 3．A number of new machines were introduced from abroad, resulted in an increase in production. ______________________________________________________ 答案：resulted→resulting　句中已有謂語動詞were introduced且兩句間無連詞，故此處應(yīng)用result的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作結(jié)果狀語。 4．In the city center, we have to put up noise. ______________________________________________________ 答案：up后加with　put up with “忍受”。 5．As a result the pilots strike, all the flights had to be cancelled. ______________________________________________________ 答案：result后加of　as a result of ... “由于……”，后接名詞或名詞短語。