2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題一 冠詞和名詞練習(xí).doc
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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題一 冠詞和名詞練習(xí) 1.(xx課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ)India attained ______ independence in 1947, after ______ long struggle. A./; a B.the; a C.a(chǎn)n; / D.a(chǎn)n; the 解析:印度經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)后,在1947年獲得了獨(dú)立。本題考查冠詞的基本用法。因?yàn)閕ndependence是抽象名詞,在本句表泛指,故前面用零冠詞;struggle為可數(shù)名詞,在本句中表示泛指,故第二個(gè)空格為a。故答案為A項(xiàng)。 答案:A 2.(xx重慶卷)The parents were shocked by ______ news that their son needed ______ operation on his knee. A.a(chǎn); / B.the; / C.the; an D.a(chǎn); an 解析:這對(duì)父母被他們的兒子需要做膝部手術(shù)的消息震驚了。本題考查冠詞的基本用法。第一空處news后有同位語(yǔ)從句解釋說(shuō)明news的內(nèi)容,表特指,故使用定冠詞the;第二空處表示在膝部做的一個(gè)手術(shù),表泛指,故用不定冠詞an。 答案:C 3.(xx山東卷)It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ______ night sky. A./; a B.a(chǎn); the C.the; a D.the; / 解析:句意:那是一個(gè)寒冷冬天的夜晚,月亮在夜空閃耀著。本題考查冠詞的基本用法。第一個(gè)空用不定冠詞表示泛指;第二個(gè)空表示特指;the night sky夜空。 答案:B 4.(xx陜西卷)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ______ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ______ thirteenth century. A.the; a B.a(chǎn); / C./; the D.the; the 解析:據(jù)說(shuō)在十三世紀(jì)馬可波羅去爪哇島途中曾航行經(jīng)過(guò)太平洋。在海洋、江河等專(zhuān)有名詞前面要用定冠詞the; thirteenth是序數(shù)詞,前面也要用the,故選D項(xiàng)。 答案:D 5.(xx福建卷)The “Chinese Dream” is ______ dream to improve peoples wellbeing and ______ dream of harmony, peace and development. A.the; a B.a(chǎn); a C.a(chǎn); the D.the; the 解析:句意:“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”是一個(gè)改善民生的夢(mèng),是一個(gè)和諧、和平和發(fā)展的夢(mèng)。本題考查冠詞的基本用法。dream是可數(shù)名詞,此處用不定冠詞a表示“一個(gè)”的意思,故答案為B項(xiàng)。 答案:B 6.(xx天津卷)While she was in Paris, she developed a ______ for fine art. A.way B.relation C.taste D.habit 解析:句意:在巴黎期間,她培養(yǎng)了對(duì)美術(shù)的興趣。本題考查名詞辨析。A:方式,方法;B:關(guān)系;D:習(xí)慣。taste作名詞時(shí),意為“愛(ài)好,嗜好”。 答案:C 7.(xx浙江卷)As the worlds population continues to grow, the ______ of food bees more and more of a concern. A.worth B.supply C.package D.list 解析:句意:隨著世界人口的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),食物的供應(yīng)越來(lái)越成為一個(gè)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。本題考查名詞詞義辨析。A:價(jià)值;B:供應(yīng);C:包;D:清單。 答案:B 8.(xx遼寧卷)The accident caused some ______ to my car, but its nothing serious. A.harm B.injury C.ruin D.damage 解析:句意:這場(chǎng)事故給我的車(chē)造成了一定的損壞,但問(wèn)題不嚴(yán)重??疾槊~。根據(jù)短語(yǔ)搭配cause some damage to...“對(duì)……造成一定的損壞”,選D項(xiàng)。harm傷害,損害,常用于do harm to短語(yǔ)中;injury傷害,常用于對(duì)人身體的傷害;ruin毀滅,破產(chǎn)。 答案:D 9.(xx江蘇卷)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a ______ for the better. A.share B.chance C.turn D.lead 解析:句意:在其他飲食文化的啟發(fā)下,美國(guó)的飲食文化可能會(huì)向更好的方向轉(zhuǎn)變。本題考查名詞辨析。share份額,股份;chance機(jī)會(huì),可能;turn變化,轉(zhuǎn)變;lead榜樣,領(lǐng)先。 答案:C 10.(xx江西卷)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ______. A.curiosity B.satisfaction C.envy D.patience 解析:每當(dāng)我犯錯(cuò)時(shí),老師都會(huì)耐心地把它們指出來(lái)。本題考查名詞辨析。A:好奇,好奇心;B:滿(mǎn)意,滿(mǎn)足;C:嫉妒,羨慕;D:耐心,忍耐力。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選D項(xiàng)。 答案:D 1.(xx蘇北一模)Mr. Joe, ______ professor at the University of Fribourg, is famous for his academic achievements in ______ World History. A.the; / B.the; a C.a(chǎn); the D.a(chǎn); / 解析:句意:?jiǎn)滔壬?,F(xiàn)ribourg大學(xué)的一個(gè)教授,因?yàn)樗谑澜缡贩矫娴膶W(xué)術(shù)成就而聞名。本題考查冠詞的用法。根據(jù)句意,喬先生是這所大學(xué)的教授之一,為泛指;另外World History作為一門(mén)學(xué)科,不需要加冠詞,故選D項(xiàng)。 答案:D 2.(xx石家莊質(zhì)檢二)Liang Bo, the champion of the Voice of China, is a man of ______ few words but has ______ remarkable inner strength. A./; a B.a(chǎn); a C.the; / D./; the 解析:句意:梁博——《中國(guó)好聲音》冠軍,是一個(gè)不善言談卻有非凡的內(nèi)在力量的人。第一空考查a few與few的區(qū)別。few少,a few等于several(幾個(gè))。本句表示“說(shuō)話(huà)很少”,故第一空用零冠詞,排除B、C兩項(xiàng);strength在本句中表泛指,故答案為A項(xiàng)。 答案:A 3.(xx安徽聯(lián)考)—As ______ child, my father often spent all Sundays relaxing outdoors, even playing for hours at ______ time. —That is my fathers story, too. A.a(chǎn); the B./; a C.a(chǎn); a D./; the 解析:句意:——我父親小時(shí)候經(jīng)常把所有的周日都花在戶(hù)外放松上,甚至一次要玩上幾個(gè)小時(shí)。——那也是我父親的經(jīng)歷。本題考查冠詞。第一空后的child為單數(shù)名詞,在本句中表示泛指,故用不定冠詞。第二空考查冠詞的習(xí)慣用法。at a time 為固定短語(yǔ),意為“一次”。又如:Dont enter at once. One at a time. 不要同時(shí)全進(jìn)來(lái),一次進(jìn)一個(gè)人。 答案:C 4.(xx河北質(zhì)檢)______ Chinese government has decided to introduce more measures to improve the public transport systems in ______ countrys crowded urban areas. A.A; / B.The; / C.The; a D.The ;the 解析:句意:中國(guó)政府已經(jīng)決定采取更多的措施來(lái)改善該國(guó)擁擠城市的公共交通系統(tǒng)。兩個(gè)空后的名詞government和country在本句中均表特指,故用定冠詞。 答案:D 5.(xx南昌一模)As ______ mountains surrounding our village are turning much greener, they have bee ______ home to a large number of wild animals. A.the; / B.the; a C./; a D.the; the 解析:句意:當(dāng)我們村周?chē)娜荷阶兙G時(shí),它們便成了很多野生動(dòng)物的棲息地。根據(jù)句意可知,第一空的mountains在本句中表示特指,故用定冠詞,排除C項(xiàng);“be/bee home to...”為固定搭配,相當(dāng)于be/bee the home of...,意為“……的棲息地”。 答案:A 6.(xx合肥三模)I found myself talking to ______ Zhu Jun! Not ______ Zhu Jun from CCTV, of course, but someone with the same name. A./; the B.the; a C.the; / D./; a 解析:句意:我發(fā)現(xiàn)我自己正在跟朱軍講話(huà)!當(dāng)然不是中央電視臺(tái)的那個(gè)朱軍,而是一樣名字的一個(gè)人。本題考查冠詞的用法。第一個(gè)Zhu Jun為純專(zhuān)有名詞,不加冠詞;第二個(gè)Zhu Jun是被普通化的專(zhuān)有名詞,后有定語(yǔ),因此為特指,故選A項(xiàng)。 答案:A 7.(xx日照二模)The teacher praised me for ______ progress Id made, which was ______ great encouragement to me. A.the; / B.the; a C./; a D./; / 解析:句意:老師因?yàn)槲胰〉玫倪M(jìn)步而表?yè)P(yáng)我,這對(duì)我是一個(gè)很大的鼓勵(lì)。本題考查冠詞的用法。progress后有定語(yǔ)從句修飾,意為“我取得的進(jìn)步”,為特指;第二空a great encouragement意為“一件很鼓舞人的事情”,此處encouragement為可數(shù)名詞,故選B項(xiàng)。 答案:B 8.(xx安徽聯(lián)考Ⅰ)We Chinese have a dream—______ dream to turn a welloff life into ______ reality by 2020. A.a(chǎn); / B.the; / C.a(chǎn); a D./; / 解析:句意:我們中國(guó)人有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想,即到2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)小康生活。第一空及后面的dream與破折號(hào)前的a dream為同位關(guān)系,故第一空用不定冠詞;第二空考查冠詞的習(xí)慣用法。turn...into reality為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案:A 9.(xx大連雙基)Mo Yan, a most widelyread writer, takes a plete new ______ to describing Chinas rural and folk culture. A.way B.a(chǎn)pproach C.passage D.entry 解析:句意:莫言的作品被廣泛閱讀,他采用了全新的方法來(lái)描述中國(guó)的鄉(xiāng)村民俗文化。an approach to為固定搭配,相當(dāng)于a way of,意為“……的方法”;passage指人們行走的“通道,走廊”,不合本句要求;entry意為“進(jìn)入,進(jìn)入權(quán),入口處”,不合本句要求。 答案:B 10.(xx安徽質(zhì)檢)Finding information in todays world is easy. The ______ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. A.knowledge B.a(chǎn)bility C.petition D.challenge 解析:句意:當(dāng)今世界找信息很容易,但困難的事是你如何辨別你所獲得的信息是否有用。A:知識(shí);B:能力;C:競(jìng)賽。challenge:a new or difficult task挑戰(zhàn),艱巨任務(wù)。又如:She likes her job to be a challenge.她喜歡艱巨的工作。 答案:D 11.(xx陜西二模)In his absence, I would like to thank all concerned on my brothers ______. A.behalf B.part C.business D.interest 解析:句意:我弟弟沒(méi)在場(chǎng),我想代表他向所有相關(guān)的人員表示感謝。on sb.s behalf等于on behalf of sb.,為固定短語(yǔ),意為“代表某人”。又如:On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you.我代表我的同事以及我自己向你表示謝意。for sb.s part就某人而言;on business因公;in sb.s interest為了某人的利益;但沒(méi)有on sb.s part, on sb.s business, on sb.s interest結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案:A 12.(xx福建質(zhì)檢)—What does PM2.5 mean? —Its a professional ______ indicating the condition of air pollution. A.term B.item C.number D.mark 解析:句意:——PM2.5是什么意思?——它是一個(gè)表示空氣污染狀況的專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。A:術(shù)語(yǔ);B:項(xiàng)目;C:數(shù)字;D:記號(hào)。 答案:A 13.(xx東北一模)The police managed to gain ______ through an upstairs window. A.a(chǎn)pproach B.way C.a(chǎn)ccess D.passage 解析:句意:警方設(shè)法通過(guò)樓上的一扇窗戶(hù)進(jìn)入。approach, way, passage都有“道路,通道”的意思,且都為可數(shù)名詞。access為不可數(shù)名詞,意為“通道,入徑”。設(shè)空處前沒(méi)有冠詞,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有access為不可數(shù)名詞,故答案為C項(xiàng)。 答案:C 14.(xx江蘇二模)—Whenever you want a good meal, e to my restaurant and eat for free. —Believe me, that is an ______ I will not refuse. A.a(chǎn)pproach B.offer C.idea D.instruction 解析:句意:——無(wú)論你什么時(shí)候想吃頓美餐,你就來(lái)我的飯店免費(fèi)用餐。——放心吧。那種提議我是不會(huì)拒絕的。A:接近,方法,途徑;C:想法,念頭,主意;D:指導(dǎo),說(shuō)明。offer主動(dòng)提議,建議。 答案:B 15.(xx天津聯(lián)考Ⅰ)If you want to study the nature of the universe, first of all, you must be clear about its ______. A.traditions B.consequences C.signs D.origins 解析:句意:如果你想研究宇宙的本質(zhì),首先你必須弄清它的起源。A:傳統(tǒng);B:結(jié)果;C:跡象;D:起源。 答案:D 1.It was reported that ______ silent movie “The Artist” became the biggest winner at ______ 84th Academy Award. A.the; the B.a(chǎn); / C./; the D.the; / 解析:考查冠詞。第一空特指《藝術(shù)家》這部無(wú)聲電影,應(yīng)用the;第二空后面是序數(shù)詞,也應(yīng)用定冠詞the。故選A。 答案:A 2.Basketball star Jeremy Lin is ______ good example to kids, who shows them how to make ______ success in the world. A.the; the B.a(chǎn); the C./; a D.a(chǎn); / 解析:考查冠詞。第一空填不定冠詞a,表示泛指;success為不可數(shù)名詞,第二空不填冠詞。故選D。 答案:D 3.According to the contract, if we cant meet the deadline we shall pay ______ fine of 10,000 dollars as ______ punishment. A.a(chǎn); a B.the; a C.the; the D./; / 解析:考查冠詞。fine作“罰款”講時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞,a fine of...“多少金額的罰款”;as a punishment“作為一種懲罰”。故選A。 答案:A 4.It is such ______ honour to take part in ______ celebration, so how could I make any mistakes? A.a(chǎn)n;/ B.the; the C.a(chǎn)n; the D./; the 解析:考查冠詞。語(yǔ)意:參加這個(gè)慶?;顒?dòng)是多大的榮幸,我怎么能出任何差錯(cuò)呢?it is an honour to do sth.中honour的意思是“榮幸,光榮”,為可數(shù)名詞,故用不定冠詞;根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可知,此處celebration為特指,故選C項(xiàng)。 答案:C 5.The boy didnt e to ______ life and the method to start his breathing ended up as ______ failure. A./; the B.the; / C.a(chǎn); a D./; a 解析:考查冠詞的用法。語(yǔ)意:男孩沒(méi)能蘇醒過(guò)來(lái),讓他恢復(fù)呼吸的方法以失敗告終。e to life“開(kāi)始動(dòng)起來(lái)”,life前不用冠詞;failure在這里是抽象名詞具體化,表示“失敗的人或事”,前面應(yīng)用不定冠詞。 答案:D 6.On ______ Monday morning in July, Mr. Anderson happened to find his missing father among the people at ______ church. A.a(chǎn); the B.the; / C.a(chǎn); / D./; a 解析:考查冠詞的用法。在七月的一個(gè)星期一早上,安德森先生碰巧在做禮拜的人中發(fā)現(xiàn)了他失蹤的父親。Monday前一般不用冠詞,但表示“某個(gè)星期一”時(shí)用不定冠詞;at church在教堂做禮拜。 答案:C 7.Londons taxis are regarded as ______ best in the world, and New Yorks yellow taxis came ______ second, according to an annual taxi poll. A.the; the B.the; a C./; the D.the; / 解析:考查冠詞。第一空,形容詞最高級(jí)前要使用定冠詞;第二空,序數(shù)詞second充當(dāng)副詞使用,前面不加冠詞,e second“第二名”,也可看成固定用法。 答案:D 8.With ______ successful launching of Tiangong-1, Chinas space dream has taken ______ step closer to reality. A.the; a B./; a C.a(chǎn); the D.the; / 解析:考查冠詞。第一空特指“天宮一號(hào)”的成功發(fā)射,故用定冠詞the;第二空則表示“朝……邁進(jìn)一步”,表示泛指,故用不定冠詞。 答案:A 9.______ accident in China last week killed 21 preschoolers and two adults, increasing ______ urgency to draft new safety guidelines for school buses. A.The; a B.An; the C.The; an D.An; / 解析:考查冠詞。第一空表示泛指上周中國(guó)發(fā)生的“一個(gè)事故”或特指上周中國(guó)發(fā)生的“那場(chǎng)事故”都可以,故第一空an或the都可以。第二空表示特指為校車(chē)起草新的安全指導(dǎo)方案的“迫切(情況)”。綜合四個(gè)選項(xiàng),故選B。 答案:B 10.To learn this course, students should have ______ good mand of Chinese and English, as well as ______ good knowledge of law. A./; the B.a(chǎn); / C.a(chǎn); a D.the; the 解析:考查冠詞。語(yǔ)意:學(xué)習(xí)該課程,學(xué)生不僅應(yīng)熟練掌握中英文,還應(yīng)熟悉法律知識(shí)。不可數(shù)的抽象名詞前用不定冠詞,表示某種具體的情況或概念。 答案:C 11.The State Oceanic Administration has asked ConocoPhillips China to make a thorough investigation of the ______ of oil spills to prevent similar cases. A.reason B.a(chǎn)im C.cause D.purpose 解析:句意:國(guó)家海洋局已經(jīng)要求康菲石油中國(guó)有限公司對(duì)石油泄漏的原因做一個(gè)徹底的調(diào)查,以防止類(lèi)似事件再發(fā)生。本題考查名詞詞義辨析。reason意為“原因,理由”,常與介詞for搭配;aim目的;cause原因,起因;purpose目的。根據(jù)題意正確答案為C項(xiàng)。 答案:C 12.I cant say which type of tea tastes better. Its just a(n) ______ of personal preference. A.a(chǎn)ffair B.problem C.variety D.matter 解析:句意:我不能說(shuō)哪種類(lèi)型的茶口味更好。這只是個(gè)人口味的問(wèn)題。Its just a matter of...這只是……的問(wèn)題。如:Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience.處理這些問(wèn)題全憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 答案:D 13.Sometimes its a bit challenging to reach a ______ between parents expectations and their kids desires. A.mitment B.prehension C.cooperation D.promise 解析:句意:有時(shí)在家長(zhǎng)的期望和孩子的愿望之間達(dá)成妥協(xié)有點(diǎn)困難。A:承諾;B:理解(力);C:合作;D:妥協(xié),折中。 答案:D 14.He is a brilliant young footballer whose talent took him from ______ to riches. A.rags B.farmers C.bags D.beggars 解析:句意:他是優(yōu)秀的青年足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員,他的才能使他由窮變富。from rags to riches為固定詞組,意為“從赤貧到巨富”,符合句意。 答案:A 15.The pianist missed a ______ when playing the piano on the stage in the Grand Theater last night. A.line B.chance C.step D.beat 解析:句意:昨晚這位鋼琴家在大劇院的舞臺(tái)上演奏鋼琴時(shí)漏了一個(gè)節(jié)拍。beat在此處意為“節(jié)拍”。line線,臺(tái)詞;chance機(jī)會(huì);step步驟。A、B、C三項(xiàng)均不符合句意。 答案:D- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題本站不予受理。
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