2019-2020年高三高考臨門(mén)一腳物理試卷 含解析.doc

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2019-2020年高三高考臨門(mén)一腳物理試卷 含解析 I 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)及應(yīng)用 (共兩節(jié), 滿(mǎn)分45分) 第一節(jié) 完形填空(共15小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分) 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1~15各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 Once, long ago, there was a man who traveled from Persia to India on foot. He had 1 been to India before. When he arrived at a village, he happened upon a fruit stand. In that village, fruit was quite expensive because of the lack of water. The man was looking around at the fruits when he __2__ a big basket of some very red, very long fruit. It was the cheapest fruit in the shop, not expensive at all. __3__ the man walked up to the counter and asked: “How __4__ per kilo?” And the shopkeeper said: “Two rupees.” Two rupees in India is __5__. The man thought to himself: “What a __6__ !” So he bought a whole kilogram of the fruit and began to eat it. But after he tried a few pieces, he screamed: “Oh, my God!” His eyes watered, his mouth burned, and his face turned __7__ . He coughed and choked and gasped for breath. But despite his __8__, he continued to stuff the fruits into his mouth! Onlookers __9__ their heads and laughed. One man yelled: “You’re crazy, man! Those are chilies! People use them as a condiment (佐料). You don’t just eat them by the handful like that; they’re not fruit!” But the man replied: “No, I can’t __10__ ! I paid money for them, and now I’ll eat them. It’s my money!”. You probably think this man was pretty __11__ , right? Nevertheless, I bet you or someone you know makes the same mistake on a daily basis. People invest money, time and effort into a relationship, business or job. Even when experience tells them that it’s not __12__, and they know there’s little hope of improvement, they still __13__ because they don’t want to waste the initial investment. But this is illogical. It is no different than being the man who continued eating chilies because he didn’t want to waste the money he’d paid for them. Losing something is difficult, but it is important to __14__ the loss and move on. __15__ you’ll just keep burning your mouth on hot chilies. 【文章大意】本文敘述了一位男士步行從波斯到印度去，因?yàn)樗郧皼](méi)有去過(guò)印度，所以當(dāng)他到達(dá)印度的一個(gè)村莊時(shí)，他看見(jiàn)一種水果，于是就買(mǎi)了一公斤，大口大口地吃起來(lái)，結(jié)果吃了一會(huì)兒，就感覺(jué)最辣，咳嗽，臉辣得很紅可是他堅(jiān)持繼續(xù)吃，他說(shuō)他已經(jīng)花錢(qián)了不能把錢(qián)浪費(fèi)了，這和人們做生意是一樣，因?yàn)橛星捌诘耐顿Y，不能輕易放棄。 1. A. often B. never C. sometimes D. seldom 【答案】B 【解析】考查副詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. often經(jīng)常； B. never從不； C. sometimes有時(shí)； D. seldom很少。以前他們從來(lái)沒(méi)有（never）來(lái)過(guò)印度，故選B。 2. A. noticed B. watched C. recognized D. selected 【答案】A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. noticed 注意到； B. watched觀察； C. recognized認(rèn)出； D. selected選擇。根據(jù)The man was looking around 那個(gè)人環(huán)顧周?chē)乃@時(shí)他注意到有一籃子又紅又長(zhǎng)的水果，故選A。 3. A. Yet B. So C. Still D. Besides 【答案】B 【解析】考查連詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. Yet然而； B. So因此； C. Still仍然； D.Besides 并且。根據(jù)It was the cheapest fruit in the shop, not expensive at all. 可知因此（So）這位男士走到水果攤前，故選B。 4. A. large B. long C. many D. much 【答案】D 【解析】考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. large 大的； B. long長(zhǎng)的； C. many許多，修飾可數(shù)名詞；D. much許多，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。多少錢(qián)一共斤，當(dāng)指前的時(shí)候用much，故選D。 5. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything 【答案】B 【解析】考查代詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. something某事，用于肯定句中； B. nothing沒(méi)有什么； C. anything 一些事情，用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句； D. everything一切事情。兩盧布在印度真沒(méi)有什么，故選B。 6. A. bargain B. trade C. business D. regret 【答案】A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. bargain 交易，討價(jià)還價(jià)； B. trade貿(mào)易； C. business商業(yè)； D. regret后悔。他心想，多么便宜，故選A。 7. A. pale B. red C. purple D. yellow 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. pale蒼白的； B. red紅的； C. purple 紫色的；D. yellow黃色。根據(jù)his mouth burned可知他的臉變紅了，故選B。 8. A. fear B. warning C. confusion D. pain 【答案】D 【解析】考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. fear害怕； B. warning警告； C. confusion 困惑；D. pain疼痛。根據(jù)He coughed and choked and gasped for breath可知盡管他很疼痛但是他扔然把水果往嘴里塞，故選D。 9. A. shook B. raised C. lowered D. nodded 【答案】A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. shook搖晃； B. raised 提高，舉起； C. lowered降低； D. nodded點(diǎn)頭。根據(jù)One man yelled: “You’re crazy, man! Those are chilies!可知路人都向他搖頭，故選A。 10. A. believe B. stop C. agree D. confuse 【答案】B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. believe相信； B. stop 停止； C. agree同意； D. confuse使困惑。不，我不能停，因?yàn)槲一隋X(qián)買(mǎi)了它們，故選B。 11. A. impolite B. humorous C. awkward D. stupid 【答案】D 【解析】考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. impolite不禮貌的； B. humorous幽默的； C. awkward尷尬的； D. stupid傻的，笨的。根據(jù)I bet you or someone you know makes the same mistake on a daily basis. 你可能認(rèn)為這個(gè)人太傻了，是嗎?故選D。 12. A. changing B. working C. leaving D. helping 【答案】B 【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. changing變化； B. working作用， 工作； C. leaving離開(kāi)； D. helping幫助。 當(dāng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴他們那不起作用時(shí)，他們?nèi)匀槐в幸稽c(diǎn)改善的希望，故選B。 13. A. refuse B. worry C. ignore D. continue 【答案】D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. refuse拒絕； B. worry擔(dān)心； C. ignore 忽視；D. continue繼續(xù)。他們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)做，因?yàn)樗麄儾幌肜速M(fèi)最初的投資，故選D。 14. A. remember B. improve C. recognize D. protect 【答案】C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. remember記??； B. improve提高； C. recognize認(rèn)識(shí)到，認(rèn)出； D. protect保護(hù)。認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的損失并且繼續(xù)向前是很重要的，故選C。 15. A. Also B. However C. Thus D. Otherwise 【答案】D 【解析】考查副詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. Also并且； B. However可是； C. Thus 因此； D. Otherwise否則，要不然的話(huà)。否則你將繼續(xù)用辣椒辣你的嘴，故選D。 第二節(jié) 語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分) 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)? 或者括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫(xiě)在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為16~25的相應(yīng)位置上。 Who helped you? Charles Plumb was a jet pilot on an aircraft carrier. One day when he was carrying out a mission, he was shot down. The only thing __16__ could save him was his parachute. He landed on the ground __17__ (live), but he was captured and spent 6 years __18__ a prisoner of war. Many years later, he ran into a sailor __19__ was working on the same aircraft carrier. Plumb learned that __20__ was he who had packed his parachute at that time. This meeting made Plumb __21__ (sleep) that night. Though he might have seen the man many times, he never even said “good morning” to him. Plumb, now __22__ (realize) that he had ignored that sailor, felt sorry for himself and for __23__ he had done. Actually, in our lives, many people have helped us go __24__ the hard times and helped us get __25__ we are today. II 閱讀 (共兩節(jié)；滿(mǎn)分50分) 第一節(jié) 閱讀理解 (共20小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分40分) 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 A A woman renewing her driver’s license at the County Clerk’s office was asked to state her occupation. She hesitated, uncertain how to classify herself. “What I mean is,” explained the recorder, “do you have a job, or are you just a …” “Of course I have a job,” said Emily. “I’m a mother.” “We don’t list ‘mother’ as an occupation… ‘housewife’ covers it,” said the recorder. One day I found myself in the same situation. The clerk was obviously a career woman, confident and possessed of a high sounding title．“What is your occupation?” she asked. The words simply popped out. “I’m a Research Associate in the field of Child Development and Human Relations.” The clerk paused, ballpoint pen frozen in midair. I repeated the title slowly, and then I stared with wonder as my statement was written in bold, black ink on the official questionnaire. “Might I ask,” said the clerk with new interest, “Just what you do in this field?” Coolly, without any trace of panic in my voice, I heard myself reply, “I have a continuing program of research (what mother doesn’t）, in the lab and in the field (normally I would have said indoors and out). Of course, the job is one of the most demanding in the humanities (any mother care to disagree?), and I often work 14 hours a day (24 is more like it). But the job is more challenging than most careers and rewards are more of a satisfaction rather than just money.” There was an increasing note of respect in the clerk’s voice as she pleted the form, stood up, and showed me out. As I drove into our driveway, buoyed up (依托) by my glamorous new career, I was greeted by my lab assistants---ages 13, 7, and 3. Upstairs I could hear our new experimental model (a 6 month old baby), in the child-development program, testing out a new vocal pattern． I felt proud! I had gone on the official records as someone more distinguished and indispensable (不可缺少的) to mankind than “just another mother.” Motherhood…What a glorious career! Especially when there’s a title on the door. 【文章大意】一位名叫埃米莉的婦女在縣辦事處給駕駛執(zhí)照續(xù)期時(shí)，一名女記錄員問(wèn)及她的職業(yè)。她猶豫了一下，不敢肯定應(yīng)如何將自己歸類(lèi)。作者也曾遇見(jiàn)過(guò)這種問(wèn)題，她隨口回答“我是兒童發(fā)育和人類(lèi)關(guān)系研究院”，這樣的回答使他們大吃一驚。 26. What can we infer from the conversation between the woman and the recorder at the beginning of the passage? A. The woman felt ashamed to admit what her job was. B. The recorder was impatient and rude. C. The author was upset about the situation that mothers faced. D. Motherhood was not recognized and respected as a job by society. 【答案】D 【解析】推理判斷題。由第四段對(duì)話(huà)中的“We don’t list ‘mother’ as an occupation. . . ‘housewife’ covers it. . . ”可知。故選D。 27. How did the female clerk feel at first when the author told her occupation? A. curious B. puzzled C. indifferent D. interested 【答案】B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The clerk paused, ballpoint pen frozen in midair.她感覺(jué)很困惑，故選B。 28. How did the author feel when describing her job to the clerk? A. calm B. panic-stricken C. confident D. cool 【答案】A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第十段中的Coolly, without any trace of panic in my voice可以看出作者在介紹自己的職業(yè)時(shí)沉著冷靜。故選A。 29. Why did the woman clerk show more respect for the author? A. Because the author cared little about rewards. B. Because she admired the author’s research work in the lab. C. Because she thought the author did admirable work. D. Because the writer did something she had little knowledge of. 【答案】C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“我”對(duì)工作的敘述可以看出，這個(gè)辦事員認(rèn)為“我”所從事的工作是令人羨慕的。故選C。 30. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A. To show how you describe your job affects your feelings toward it. B. To argue that motherhood is a worthy career and deserves respect. C. To show that the author had a grander job than Emily. D. To show that being a mother is hard and boring work. 【答案】B 【解析】推理判斷題。由文章的前半部分可知，很多人不認(rèn)為motherhood是種職業(yè)，但是“我”對(duì)此感到自豪，由此可見(jiàn)，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是討論motherhood是一項(xiàng)值得尊敬的職業(yè)。故選B。 B LIPITOR ABOUT LIPITOR Lipitor is a prescription medicine. Along with diet and exercise，it lowers “bad” cholesterol (膽固醇)in your blood. It can also raise “good” cholesterol. Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several mon risk factors, including family history of early heart disease, high blood pressure, age and smoking. WHO IS LIPITOR FOR? Who can take LIPITOR： People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise. Adults and children over 10 Who should NOT take LIPITOR? Women who are pregnant, may be pregnant, or may bee pregnant. Lipitor may harm your unborn baby. Women who are breastfeeding. Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby. People with liver problems. POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR Serious side effects in a small number of people： Muscle problems that can lead to kidney problems，including kidney failure. Liver problems. Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start. Call your doctor right away if you have. Unexplained muscle pain or weakness，especially if you have a fever or feel very tired. Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and/or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing. Stomach pain. Some mon side effects of LIPITOR are：Muscle pain, Upset stomach, Changes in some blood tests HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR： Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor. Try to eat hearthealthy foods while you take Lipitor. Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. But if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose，wait. Take the next dose at your regular time. Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor. Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor. 【文章大意】本文為藥品說(shuō)明，主要介紹了藥品Lipitor的作用、適用人群、副作用及服藥的相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。 31. What is a major function of Lipitor? A. To help quit smoking. B. To control blood pressure. C. To improve unhealthy diet. D. To lower “bad” cholesterol. 【答案】D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) “Along with diet and exercise，it lowers “bad，’cholesterol(膽固醇)in your blood．It can also raise “good’ cholesterol. [”可以推斷出答案。故選D。 32. Taking Lipitor is helpful for __________. A. breastfeeding women B. women who are pregnant C. adults having heart disease D. teenagers with liver problems 【答案】C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) “Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several mon risk factors，including family history of early heart disease，high blood pressure，age and smoking. [”和 “Adults and children over l0”可以判斷選C。 33. If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should ________. A. change the amount of your next dose B. eat more when taking your next dose C. have a dose as soon as you remember D. take the next dose at your regular time 【答案】D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) “If you miss a dose(一劑)，take it as soon as you remember. [But if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose，wait．Take the next dose at your regular time. [”可以得出答案D。 34. Which of the following is a mon side effect of taking Lipitor? A. Face swelling. B. Upset stomach. C. Kidney failure. D. Muscle weakness. 【答案】B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) “Some mon side effects of LIPITOR are：Muscle pain, Upset stomach, Changes in some blood tests”可以引起肚子疼， 可以得出答案B。 35. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To teach patients ways for quick recovery. B. To present a report on a scientific research. C. To show the importance of a good lifestyle. D. To give information about a kind of medicine. 【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意。文章先總體介紹藥品Lipitor的作用，接著介紹藥品的適用人群及不適用人群，然后介紹藥品的副作用，最后介紹服藥的注意事項(xiàng)，由此可以判斷選D項(xiàng)。 C Looking through a magazine in a waiting room recently, I came across an article with the title “My top five most precious possessions”．It was just a few lines of text with pictures, but it caught my imagination. It’s interesting how inanimate(無(wú)生命的) objects can take on such significance and bee woven into a person’s, and sometimes a whole family’s life history. Anyway, the article had me considering what my most precious possessions are. It was difficult to choose only five, but here are mine: An old cardboard box filled with my children’s baby photos. A yellow pocketsized birthday book of special things (poems, pictures of flowers and trees, etc) given to me by my dad when I was probably about seven or eight years old. A 21st Birthday card from my mum. In it she’s written her congratulations, her love, and her hopes for my future. She died not long after, when I was in my early twenties. A few ancient but very beautiful botany books that were once my great grandmother’s. She was a botanist in a time when it was relatively unusual for women to be qualified in this field and I think she was probably a remarkable and very interesting woman. I’d like to have known her. A brooch(胸針) left to me by my muchloved grandmother. It was given to my great grandmother (her mother) by my great grandfather on his return from World War I. It is not worth anything in terms of money. However, it not only stands for a link between four generations of women, but it is also a reminder of one young man’s return from World War I. How about you? I’d love to hear what you feel are your most precious possessions. 【文章大意】本文為記敘文，作者介紹了自己生命中最珍貴的五樣?xùn)|西及有關(guān)的故事。 36. What made the writer have the idea of writing the passage? A. Her love for her relatives. B. Her rich imagination about the objects. C. An article in a magazine. D. Some pictures in an article. 【答案】C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Looking through a magazine in a waiting room recently, I came across an article with the title “My top five most precious possessions”．It was just a few lines of text with pictures, but it caught my imagination.可知在雜志上的一篇文章讓作者有寫(xiě)這篇文章的想法，故選C。 37. According to the passage, the writer ________. A. lost her mother at the age of 26 B. was a mother of several children C. got the yellow birthday book at 8 D. studies botany well when she was young 【答案】B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)An old cardboard box filled with my children’s baby photos.作者是幾個(gè)孩子的母親，故選B。 38. The writer considered her grandmother remarkable and interesting because she ______. A. wrote a large number of botany books B. left the writer some ancient but beautiful botany books C. was unusually famous for her achievements D. could bee a botanist in the special time 【答案】D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)She was a botanist in a time when it was relatively unusual for women to be qualified in this field and I think she was probably a remarkable and very interesting woman.她有可能成為一個(gè)植物學(xué)家，故選D。 39. How many reasons made the writer think the brooch was one of her most precious possessions? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 【答案】B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)However, it not only stands for a link between four generations of women, but it is also a reminder of one young man’s return from World War I.可知有兩個(gè)原因，故選B。 40. In the writers opinion, something that is thought to be the most precious should be able to ________. A. change a person’s and even the whole family’s life history B. have a great effect on one person’s life C. remind somebody of his or her close relatives D. show a person’s love and respect for his or her relatives 【答案】A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)It’s interesting how inanimate(無(wú)生命的) objects can take on such significance and bee woven into a person’s, and sometimes a whole family’s life history.再結(jié)合作者對(duì)她是五樣最珍貴的東西的描述可判斷應(yīng)選A。 D A few years ago, I took a sightseeing trip to Washington，D.C. Standing outside the Ronald Reagan Center, I heard a voice say, “Can you help me？” When I turned around, I saw an elderly blind woman with her hand extended (伸展)．In a natural reflex (反射), I reached into my pocket, pulled out all of my loose change and placed it on her hand without even looking at her. I was annoyed at being bothered by a beggar. But the blind woman smiled and said, “I don’t want your money. I just need help finding the post office.” In an instant, I realized what I had done. I judged another person simply for what I assumed she had to be. I hated what I saw in myself. This incident reawakened my belief in humility (謙恭), even though I’d lost it for a moment. The thing I had forgotten about myself is that I am an immigrant. I left Honduras and arrived in the U．S. at the age of 15. I started my new life with two suitcases, my brother and sister, and a strong,, seriousminded mother. Through the years, I have been a dishwasher, mechanic and pizza delivery driver among many other humble jobs, and eventually I became a network engineer. In my own life, I have experienced many open acts of prejudice. I remember a time, at age 17, I worked as a waiter, and I heard a father tell his little boy that if he did not do well in school, he would end up like me. I have also witnessed the same treatment of my family and friends, so I know what it’s like, and I should have known better. But now, living in my American middleclass lifestyle, it is too easy to forget my past, to forget who I am and where I have been, and to lose sight of where I want to be going. That blind woman on the streets of Washington，D.C., cured me of my blindness. She reminded me of my belief in humility and to always keep my eyes and heart open. By the way, I helped that lady to the post office. And in writing this essay, I hope to thank her for the priceless lesson. 【文章大意】一位上了年紀(jì)的女盲人在街頭向作者求助，作者卻想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為她是在乞討。作者羞愧難當(dāng)，經(jīng)深刻反省后，端正了自己的思想認(rèn)識(shí)。 41. We can learn from the first two paragraphs that________. A. the author regretted his act of prejudice B. the blind woman needed the money badly C. the author was as poor as the blind woman D. the author was a native American 【答案】A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)In an instant, I realized what I had done. I judged another person simply for what I assumed she had to be.再結(jié)合第四段的acts of prejudice.可知作者知道自己錯(cuò)了，不該帶著偏見(jiàn)行事，瞧不起窮人。故選A。 42. According to Paragraph 4, hearing the father’s words, the author was probably________. A. rather hurt B. very excited C. deeply moved D. greatly inspired 【答案】A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)I remember a time, at age 17, I worked as a waiter, and I heard a father tell his little boy that if he did not do well in school, he would end up like me.可知當(dāng)時(shí)那個(gè)小孩子愛(ài)的父親把作者當(dāng)