2019-2020年高考英語優(yōu)等生百日闖關系列 專題11 語法填空詞類復習（一）.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語優(yōu)等生百日闖關系列 專題11 語法填空詞類復習（一） 方法與知識 中等生在進行完詞匯的復習之后，基礎知識就基本鞏固。第二個階段就是根據(jù)高考題型進行對接訓練。在短時間內(nèi)熟悉高考題型并鞏固基礎知識。在新課標高考試卷中，語法填空題型是英語基礎知識的最集中的體現(xiàn)。所以，我們依托高考題型語法填空來復習英語的基礎知識，詞類是語法填空中?？嫉膬?nèi)容。常考的詞類包括：名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞及介詞短語。這些詞有一個共同特點，在高考試題中多以詞形變化的形式進行考查，其次是固定搭配。 名詞 命題規(guī)律 名詞的“可數(shù)”與“不可數(shù)”是高考命題的熱點之一。名詞的考查強調(diào)語言的情景化，重點考查在特定語境、真實語境中的準確辨析、選擇和運用名詞的能力。名詞短語的固定搭配及名詞作定語也是高考命題的注意點。 另外，在熟練掌握名詞的基本意義和用法的同時，要特別留意某些名詞的基本意義之外的引申、拓展和熟詞生義的用法。 名詞的考點歸納： (1)抽象名詞具體化：beauty美、美麗（不可數(shù)名詞） a beauty美人、美麗的東西（可數(shù)名詞）；experience經(jīng)驗（不可數(shù)名詞）an experience一次經(jīng)歷（可數(shù)名詞）；surprise吃驚、驚奇（不可數(shù)名詞） a surprise令人吃驚的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）；honor榮譽、信譽（不可數(shù)名詞） an honor一種光榮的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）；failure失敗（不可數(shù)名詞） a failure/failures失敗的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）等等。 (2)名詞短語的固定的搭配：have/gain access to接近，到達；take … into consideration考慮；take advantage of利用；in consequence of 由于 …… 的緣故 ；put into effect 實行，生效 等等。 【考例分析】 1.“Learn through use” is a good piece of ________ (advise) for those who are studying a new language. Ill stop and take a deep ____. 【答案與解析】考查名詞。take a deep breath深呼吸，喘口氣。 We don’t have to take great pains to control waste, but action and a grateful heart are needed; thank the water that runs through our fingers, and save it for poor Arabian or African countries struggling in water ______ (short); 【答案與解析】shortage考查名詞。根據(jù)句意：為貧窮的因水資源短缺而爭斗的阿拉伯國家或非洲國家節(jié)約水，此處應填寫short的名詞形式，故正確詞語是shortage。 4.With the ____________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious.【xx屆甘肅省天水一中一診】 【答案與解析】隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展，空氣污染變得越來越嚴重?？疾槊~：發(fā)展：development 5.Air pollution is caused by the following 3_________: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. 【xx屆甘肅省天水一中一診】 【答案與解析】空氣污染是由下面的原因造成的?？疾槊~“原因”reasons 6. If everybody realizes the ___________(important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will be solved. 【答案與解析】如果每個人都注意到環(huán)境的重要性?？疾槊~“重要性”：importance 【方法總結(jié)】1.介詞和動詞后面可能缺賓語，這時填名詞；2.考查含有名詞的固定短語；3.句子缺主語時也可能填名詞作主語；4.冠詞后面可能填名詞；5一定要注意名詞的單復數(shù)形式。 代詞 命題規(guī)律 一、代詞是每年必考，貫穿于各個試題類型的一個基本知識?？季V要求在廣泛掌握代詞基礎知識的前提下，強調(diào)在具體語境中理解和使用代詞。 二、不定代詞是代詞中最重要、句法作用也是最為活躍的部分之一。因而，在復習中要注意總結(jié)、歸納，特別應熟記一批有特點的例句，以加深印象，更加準確地把握其用法。 三、平時要多做練習，能夠提高熟悉語境的能力，很多考題是要和語境相聯(lián)系起來考查的，這方面一定要重視。 代詞高考?？键c （1）人稱代詞：人稱代詞作主語一般用主格形式，做賓語用賓格形式，作表語用主格形式，做定語用所有格形式。反身代詞一般做表語、同位語和賓語，作賓語的前提是賓語和主語一致。特別注意：①人稱代詞用作表語時，如說明主語，一般要用主格，如說明賓語則要用賓格。②在簡單的答語中多用賓格形式替代主格形式。 （2）反身代詞：反身代詞在句中可以作enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce等動詞和by, for, to等介詞的賓語，還可以作主語或賓語的同位語，可譯作“親自，本人”，但不能作主語。 （3） 指示代詞：指示詞有this, that, these, those等。注意以下4點：①this, these是時間或空間上的“近指”，可與here連用；that, those是時間或空間上的“遠指”，可與there連用。②指上文提到的事一般用that，有時也用this，指下文的事只能用this。③打電話時，用this來介紹自己，用that來問對方，不用I或you。④ this和that還可表示程度，意為“如此，那么”，相當于so，作狀語。 （4）不定代詞：①表示兩者“都”用both，表示兩者“都不”用neither/nor，表示兩者中的“任一”用either。②表示多者“都”用all，表示多者“都不”用none，no one, neither, nobody, nothing等表示多者中的“任一”用any。③all單獨使用，或者后接一個定語從句，或者前面有物主代詞時，意為everything或the only thing(s)。④another或“another＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”泛指“另一個，有一個，再一個”，其復數(shù)形式是others或“other＋復數(shù)名詞”泛指“別人或別的物”，有some…others(一些…另一些…)之搭配。the other(+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)特指兩者中的另一個，常有one…the other(一個…另一個…)的搭配；其復數(shù)形式the others或“the other ＋復數(shù)名詞”特指在某些人或物中，除去一部分后，“其余的”“剩下的”人或物。another還可用于“another＋基數(shù)詞或few＋復數(shù)名詞”中，與“數(shù)詞或some＋more/other ＋復數(shù)名詞”相當。⑤everything(一切事，最重要的事), everyone =everybody (每個人，所有人); something(某事，重要的人或事物), someone =somebody(某/有人，重要的人); anything(什么事物，任何事物，無論什么事物), anyone =anybody(任何人，無論誰，重要的人); nothing(沒有東西，什么也沒有，不重要的人或事), no one=nobody(沒有人，不重要的人)等。它們還與別有詞構成很多習語，如for nothing(徒勞，免費)，nothing but(僅僅，只不過)，等等。 （5）代詞it(they),one(ones)和that(those)的用法：①代詞one和it都可以代替上文中提到的可數(shù)名詞，但one指代的是與上文中提到的同類物（復數(shù)用ones,主格和賓格相同）；而it指代的是上文提到的同一物品（復數(shù)用they（主格）和them（賓格）。②one(ones)和that(those)這幾個代詞都可以代替上文中提到的名詞，但使用時應注意：替代不可數(shù)名詞時用that,或者省略不用名詞，或者重復那個名詞，但不可用one來代替。替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時用one和that均可，但泛指用one(相當于a/an+名詞）；特指時用that（相當于the+名詞）。one(ones)可以有形容詞等前置修飾語，也可以有后置修飾語（of短語除外）；而that(those)不能有前置修飾語，它（們）的修飾語只能后置。后跟of短語時，一般只能用that(those)。 【考例分析】 【例1】Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult ______ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 【解析】it 作賓語從句主語，替代動詞不定式短語to choose……。 【例2】She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ______. 【解析】him please him (使他高興)，填代詞；根據(jù)句意，此處指代her father。 【例3】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ______?” 【方法總結(jié)】句子缺主語或賓語，空格后沒有提示詞，填詞多為代詞。 形容詞和副詞 命題規(guī)律 形容詞與副詞主要考查以下幾個方面：考查形容詞作狀語；考查比較級的用法尤其是隱性比較；考查一些習語搭配；與形容詞同形的副詞和形容詞后加ly構成的副詞的區(qū)別；多個形容詞作定語時的排列順序等。 另外，在熟練掌握形容詞與副詞的基本意義和用法的同時，要特別留意一些形容詞與副詞的基本意義之外的引申、拓展和熟詞生義的用法。 形容詞與副詞基本用法： （1）形容詞和副詞的辨析 形容詞和副詞的辨析主要分為兩類：一類是給出語境，讓學生填出符合這種語境的形容詞或副詞；另一類是形容詞或副詞的詞形變化。近三年?？嫉挠校? 形容詞：appropriate；conscious；generous；reasonable；confident；creative；grateful ；important；spare；public；convenient；apparent；unchallenged；vital；available；specific；similar；available；affordable；acceptable；valuable 副詞：①hopefully；curiously；occasionally；gradually ②thus；besides；rather；otherwise ③petitively；recently；reasonably ④besides；however；therefore；instead ⑤besides；otherwise；however；altogether ⑥especially；equally；naturally；normally ⑦nevertheless；besides；otherwise；therefore ⑧especially；regularly；particularly；approximately （2）形容詞和副詞比較等級 比較等級的常見句型：①兩者比較，用“比較級 ＋ than”表示。②表示“兩者之間較……的那個”用“the＋比較級＋n.＋ of the two ＋n.”。③表示“越……，就越……”用“the ＋ 比較級，the ＋ 比較級”。④as＋原級adj./adv.＋as ...表示“和……一樣”。⑤not as/so＋原級adj./adv.＋as ...表示“不如……” 比較等級前常用的修飾語：a little, a bit, slightly，much, a lot, a great deal, any, far, by far, even, still等。 否定詞＋比較級＝最高級：“否定詞＋比較級”表達最高級含義。 【考例分析】 【例1】The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ______ (sweet).” 【解析】sweeter 句意是“什么也不會比這更甜”=這是世界上最甜的東西。 【例2】I left it early because I had an appointment ______ (late) that day. 【解析】later 指那天晚些時候。 【例3】It might have made it a little ______ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. 【解析】harder 句中a little修飾比較級harder，表示“更難一點”作賓補。 【方法總結(jié)】當括號內(nèi)所提示的詞是形容詞或副詞且空格處需要的仍是形容詞或副詞時，很可能填比較級和最高級。 介詞及介詞短語 命題規(guī)律 一、對介詞句法功能的考查：介詞構成的短語，可以在句子中充當定語、狀語、表語、賓語補足語等；介詞有時在句子中活用為副詞，充當狀語。 二、對常用介詞的辨析：介詞用法多且復雜，相近的意思又可以有不同的介詞表示，介詞更著重與動詞、形容詞和其他從句結(jié)合在一起進行考查，所以要根據(jù)語境和交際條件靈活運用介詞；同時對常用的介詞要重點進行區(qū)別整理。 三、對介詞短語搭配的考查：介詞常和某些形容詞、動詞和名詞聯(lián)合運用，形成固定搭配，表示各種不同的意思，只要記住這些固定搭配，準確把握詞組的語義。 介詞與介詞短語高考?？键c： （1）常見介詞的活用 by，with，against，over，on，in，at，besides，for等是?？嫉慕樵~。掌握這些介詞的用法和意義、準確把握句子語境是解題的關鍵。下面是近年高考考查最多的幾個介詞，應重點掌握：①over可表位置，意為“在……上方，越過；遮住，蓋住”，也可表時間，意為“在……期間，(多年)以來”等，它還有“在……(問題)上，對(某事)”等引申意義。②by的主要意思有“在……旁，靠近；乘(車、船等)；不遲于；到……為止；被，由；根據(jù)，按照(關系)；通過……方式”等，還可以用來表示增加或減少的程度。by構成的常見短語有：by and by不久，遲早；by and large大體上；by oneself單獨；by the way順便說說；by far……得多，最…… by chance碰巧；by accident偶然地；by means of借助；by no means絕不，一點也不；by mistake錯誤地。③with可以用來表示“帶有，擁有；隨著；就……來說；用，以；和，與；對于，關于”等意思。with還可用來表示原因。④beyond表示“(時間)過了，比……晚，遲于；(位置)在……那邊，超出……之外；(范圍)超過，為……所不及，超出……的范圍”等意思。 （2）介詞短語的主要類型 高考主要考查學生對固定短語的掌握程度、對短語意義的了解以及介詞在這些固定搭配中的應用：①介詞+名詞：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in one’s opinion根據(jù)某人的看法；in detail詳細地；out of reach夠不著；beyond description難以描述地；out of question不成問題；out of the question不可能。②動詞+介詞：remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；rob sb. of sth.搶劫某人的……；result from由……引起；call at訪問(某地)。③形容詞+介詞：be curious about對……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的歡迎；be absorbed in全神貫注于；be enthusiastic about熱衷于。④介詞短語：apart from除……之外；in addition to除……之外(還)；because of因為；instead of代替；in fear of為……提心吊膽；for fear of以免；in case of防備；thanks to由于；in the middle of在……中間；according to根據(jù)；in front of在……前面；in return for作為對……的回報；in charge of負責；as a result of作為……的結(jié)果；in exchange for與……交換等 【考例分析】 【例1】When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman ______ the trouble. 【解析】for reward sb. for sth. 表示“因……而酬謝/報答某人”。 【例2】He did so the next day. He was very tired ______ doing this for a whole day. 【例3】When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already ______ table having supper. 【解析】at at table表示“在進餐”，是習慣搭配。【方法總結(jié)】當“……（+限定詞）+名詞”或“……+代詞/doing/從句”在句中不做主語或賓語時，通常填介詞。 體驗高考 [xx新課標全國卷Ⅱ] 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容 (不多于3個單詞) 或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about__61__(be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, __62__ some of them looked very anxious and __63__(disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next __66__ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike __65__(catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused __66__(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept __67__(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked，“__68__ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! Its __69__(I)．” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers __70__(sudden) became friendly to one another. 61. being　介詞about后使用v.ing形式，因此用being。 62. and　根據(jù)語境可知上下文之間是順接關系，故用and連接。 63. disappointed　本句的主語是some of them，所以使用形容詞作表語。 64. to　next to…在……旁邊。 65. caught　根據(jù)文章第一句“One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop…”可知本文敘述的是一件過去發(fā)生的事情，所以使用一般過去時。 66. to stop　refuse to do sth拒絕做某事。不定式作動詞refuse的賓語。 67. riding　keep doing sth不停地做某事 。 68. Did　本句是直接引語，是一個一般疑問句。因為詢問的是過去發(fā)生的事情，所以使用助動詞did。 69. me/mine　此處可以使用名詞性物主代詞mine，相當于my suitcase。 70. suddenly　此處應該使用副詞來修飾句子的謂語動詞，在句中作狀語。 模擬新題精選 1.【xx年東北三省三校第二次聯(lián)考】Camels certainly like eating green grass, not dry grass. But 1 (strange), camels always keep looking for dry grass 2 their stomachs are filled up. A classmate of 3 (I) whose home is on the edge of Turpan Basin in Xinjiang told me his home has two camels; he said you could imagine a camel’s appetite, for it can slowly swallow dozens of kilograms of hay (干草). I asked him 4 camels eat hay, not green grass. He said the camel is a kind of animal with 5 strong sense of suffering, 6 (fear) its master letting it travel through the desert the next day, and the hay in its stomach is more hunger-resistant 7 green grass. The camel has the best tolerance. Unfortunately, many people can only see a camel’s outstanding performance, but few understand its 8 (prepare) made for it. Life, 9 a camel traveling through the desert, 10 (need) the adequate accumulation, but not everyone can understand it. 【答案】 【小題1】 strangely 【小題2】until/ till/ before 【小題3】mine 【小題4】why 【小題5】a 【小題6】fearing 【小題7】than 【小題8】preparations 【小題9】like 【小題10】needs 【小題3】mine考查名詞性物主代詞。a ckassmate of mine等于my classmate，所以用mine。 【小題4】why考查疑問副詞。由后文的回答，可知此處用。why。 【小題5】a考查冠詞。a sense of固定搭配，所以用a。 【小題6】fearing考查形容詞。由前文的suffering可知此處用fearing。 【小題7】than考查副詞。more.....than固定搭配。 【小題8】preparations考查名詞。preparation是可數(shù)名詞。 【小題9】like考查動詞。生命，像駱駝在沙漠中旅行，所以用like。 【小題10】needs考查動詞。life是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以加s。 2.【xx山東省高三沖刺模擬一】Eleven-year-old Angela was stricken with a disease involving her nervous system．The doctors did not hold out much hope of her ever recovering __1__ this illness．They predicted she’d spend the rest of her life in a wheelchair．__2__ Angela firmly believed that she was definitely going to be walking again someday．The doctors were charmed by her __3__（defeatable）spirit．They taught her about imaging—about seeing herself __4_（walk）．Angela would work as hard as possible in physical therapy(理療），lying there faithfully doing her imaging，visualizing herself moving，moving，moving! One day，__5__ she was straining with all her might to imagine her legs moving again，__66__ seemed as though a miracle happened: the bed moved! She screamed out，“Look what I __7__（do）! Look! Look! I can do it! I moved，I moved！” Of course，__8__ this very moment everyone __9__ in the hospital was screaming，too．It was the San Francisco earthquake．But don’t tell __10__ to Angela．She’s convinced that she did it．And now only a few years later，she’s back in school．On her own two legs．No walking sticks，no wheelchair． 【答案】 【小題1】from 【小題1】But 【小題3】Undefeatable 【小題4】walking 【小題5】As 【小題6】it 【小題7】am doing 【小題8】at 【小題9】else 【小題10】that/it 【解析】 試題分析：本文是一篇記敘文。講述了Angela的堅強，最后成功的站起來的故事。 【小題1】from?？疾榻樵~。from the illness從這個疾病中，是所以用from。 【小題1】But。考查連詞。后文她不相信醫(yī)生們的預測，所以是轉(zhuǎn)折關系，所以填but。 【小題3】Undefeatable。考查形容詞。后面spirit是名詞，所以用Undefeatable修飾。 【小題4】walking。老愛固定搭配。see somebody doing所以用walking。 【小題5】As。考查副詞。譯為在…的時候，所以填As。 【小題6】it?？疾楣潭ù钆洹t seems是固定搭配，所以填it。 【小題7】am doing?？疾闀r態(tài)。此處應是現(xiàn)在進行時，所以填am doing。 【小題8】at。考查介詞。at moment是固定搭配，所以填at。 【小題9】else?？疾樾稳菰~。其他的人也都尖叫，所以填else。 【小題10】that/it?？疾榇~。it或that代指地震這件事，所以填that/it。 考點：考查生活故事類短文閱讀 3.【xx寧夏銀川一中第四次月考】Recently a new science behind incentives(激勵), _1___ (include) in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children __2__ (do) better in school. ___3 _ some cases, he gave students incentives based on input(輸入), like reading certain books, while in _4___, the incentives 5 (base) on output, like results on exams. His main __6__ (find) was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output. Fryer’s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be 7____ (effect) because students do not know how to do better on an exam, apart from general rules like “study harder”. Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over 8___ they have much more control. As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have 9___ much higher chance of success. And it’s easier to start again _10_ you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do. 【答案】 【小題1】 including 【小題2】 to do 【小題3】 In 【小題4】 others 【小題5】 were based 【小題6】 finding 【小題7】 more effective 【小題8】 which 【小題9】 a 【小題10】 If 【解析】 試題分析：題目考查學生對上下文的聯(lián)系，還考查了學生對形容詞比較級、最高級、副詞、介詞短語、條件句、代詞、被動語態(tài)、非謂語動詞等知識的掌握情況。 【小題1】 考查非謂語形式 including做伴隨狀語，故填including。 【小題5】考查動詞的被動語態(tài) be based on 以…為基礎。故填were based。 【小題6】考查動詞的名詞形式finding 發(fā)現(xiàn)，故填finding。 【小題7】考查形容詞的比較等級用法。原文中此處含有更有效的意思。故寫more effective。 【小題8】考查定語從句的引導詞。當定語從句引導詞前油介詞時，引導詞只能用which。 【小題9】考查冠詞。該處泛指一個，故寫a。 【小題10】考查連詞。If引導的是條件狀語從句。故填If。 4.【xx山東省菏澤市一模】Nowadays, more and more schools in China have rules making students wear school uniforms to School .A lot of Chinese students plain about 1 (wear) their school uniforms every day But 2 American students get annoyed about their uniforms, too? American high schools usually have a dress code,__ 3 is about requirements for students dressing. Boys at school must wear clean jackets every day. Girls are__ 4 (luck) than boys, they have more flexible 5 (choose) than boys. They can either dress similarly to the boys_6 wear a dress. In general, it takes a student 10-15 minutes every morning 7 (dress) up for class. As students do in China, plenty of American students also have their plaints about school uniforms. What if students really dislike the dress code and want to get rid of it? Instead of getting punished,__ 8 (actual) therere ways to do that. At my school, "dress down" tickets__. 9 (sell) on school days If students are willing to buy a ticket, they dont need to wear school uniforms the following day. I have a strong__ 10 (believe) that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets, too 【答案】 【小題1】 wearing 【小題2】do 【小題3】which 【小題4】luckier 【小題5】choices 【小題6】or 【小題7】to dress 【小題8】 actually 【小題9】are sold 【小題10】belief 【解析】 試題分析：該類試題主要考察考生的單詞水平和上下文銜接能力。做題時要注意不僅選擇適合的單詞，還要根據(jù)不同的語境變換單詞的形式。 【小題3】which考察非限制性定語從句引導詞。這里的which代指的是前面整個句子，并且在定語從句中做主語。故填which 【小題4】luckier考察比較級。根據(jù)該空后面的than以及所給單詞luck是形容詞可以判斷出這里是要用比較級，故將luck變?yōu)閘uckier。該句意思為：女孩比男孩更幸運。 【小題5】choices考察名詞。根據(jù)該空其那面的助動詞have（有）以及形容詞flexible（靈活的）可以判斷出空中應該是一個名詞，故將所給動詞choose改為choice。因為選擇不止一個，所以要將s表示復數(shù)。故填choices。 【小題6】or 考察固定短語。Either…or不是…就是。根據(jù)前面句子中的either可以判斷出這是either or結(jié)構。該句意思為：他們既可以穿的像一個男孩也可以穿裙子。故填or 【小題7】to dress考察固定結(jié)構這里是it takes sometimes to do sth結(jié)構，所以要將所給的單詞dress變?yōu)椴欢〞rto dress。 【小題8】actually 考察副詞，這里是副詞在句子中間做插入語。故將所給形容詞actual變?yōu)閍ctually。 【小題9】are sold 考察被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意，在我的學校，上學的日子里有賣“換裝”票，如果學生愿意買一張票，他們就不需要在明天穿學校制服。 【小題10】belief考察名詞。前面有一個形容詞strong，形容詞后面一般都是名詞，故將所給動詞believe變?yōu)槊~belief。 5.【黑龍江省雙鴨山市第一中學xx屆高三期末】 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 A 24-year-old Long Island man was charged early Thursday morning after crashing his car and killing his girlfriend while driving over the speed limit. Kevin Daly 　1　 (sentence) to nearly three years in prison after losing control of 　2　 partner Alice Hicks’ car on a country road 　3　 80mph. She was a passenger in the Mini-cooper and was thrown from the car 　4　 he crashed into another vehicle 　5　 (move) in the opposite direction. Daly, 24, denied causing 　6　 (die) by dangerous driving and was found guilty by a jury (陪審團) at Taunton Crown Court. The court heard that neither Daly 　7　 Miss Hicks, 22, was wearing seatbelts at the time of the collision that happened on November 17, 2011. NBC New York reports Kevin Daly, was driving on County Road 83, when the road was blocked by a truck that was waiting 　8　 (turn) right. Witnesses described 　9　 Day had little or no chance of stopping behind the still traffic and he turned to avoid the van 　10　 hit a Mazda on the other side of the road.. 【答案】 【小題1】was sentenced 【小題2】his 【小題3】at 【小題4】when 【小題5】moving 【小題6】death 【小題7】nor 【小題8】to turn 【小題9】that 【小題10】but 【解析】 試題分析：本文講述了一個交通事故，故事主人翁危險駕車，與搭乘車輛的人均未系安全帶，最后引起了一起事故，最后Kevin Daly因此被判三年刑期。此類題型要注意句子間的邏輯關系，以及時態(tài)，固定搭配等用法。 【小題1】考查sentence的用法。①用作名詞時，意為“句子；宣判”；②用作動詞時，意為“宣判；判決”。此題考查其作動詞的用法，be sentenced to 被判處，且因為全文時態(tài)以過去時為主，故填was sentenced. 【小題2】考查句子理解。從句子結(jié)構上判斷，空白處應填入的成分為形容詞來修飾partner. 根據(jù)句意，此題填入形容詞性物主代詞最符合邏輯，且主人翁為男性，故填his. 【小題3】考查介詞用法。mph=miles per hour 每小時英里數(shù)?？芍懊鎽钚揎椝俣鹊慕樵~。at常用來表示速度、價格、溫度等，eg: The train runs at fifty kilometers an hour.句意：Daly在以80英里每小時的時速駕駛朋友Alice的車時，車子失控，他被判處近三年的刑期。故填at. 【小題4】考查狀語從句。句意：當他撞上對向駛來的汽車時，她被甩出了車子。此題要注意when和while的區(qū)別，兩者均表示“當…時候”，when多強調(diào)某一時間點；而while則表示某一時間段，謂語動詞要為延續(xù)性動詞。此題“was thrown”和“crashed”均為瞬間動詞，故此題應填入when. 【小題7】考查固定搭配。neither… nor… 既不…也不… ；兩者都不 句意：Daly和Hicks在撞擊發(fā)生時都沒有系安全帶。故填nor. 【小題8】考查wait用法。wait to do sth. 等著做某事 句意：當?shù)缆繁灰惠v等著右轉(zhuǎn)的卡冊堵住時…。故填to turn. 【小題9】考查從句。填空處后面為完整句子，可知describe后接賓語從句，故填that引導賓語從句。 【小題10】考查but的用法。句意：目擊者描述道他很少有可能或幾乎不可能將車停在停著的車后面，轉(zhuǎn)向為了避讓貨車，然而撞到另一邊的馬自達。but作連詞時，意為“但是；然而”；but作介詞時，意為“除…之外”，eg：I had nothing to do but wait. 除了等待，我別無他法。but作副詞，意為“只不過”，eg：She is but a young girl. 她只不過是一個小女孩。 考點：考查句子理解、動詞用法、固定搭配等語法知識。 6.【xx屆河北保定市高三調(diào)研試題】 Over the years Ive been teaching kids about a simple but powerful concept – the ant philosophy（哲學）, an _____1 (amaze)four-part philosophy. First, ants never quit. If theyre heading somewhere and you try to stop them, theyll climb over. theyll climb under, or theyll climb around They never quit_____2 (look) for a way to get where they_____3 ____ (suppose) to go! Second, ants think about winter and summer. They are always gathering in their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making____4_ . (prepare) for the long cold winter. So you have to think about storms in summer; think about rocks______5 _ _ you enjoy the sand and sun Third, ants think about summer all winter. During the winter, they remind _____6 , "This wont last long and well soon be out of here. " On ______7_ first warm day, the ants are out. If it_____8 _ (turn) cold again, theyll dive back down. But they e out again if it is warm Last, how much will an ant gather during the summer to prepare for the winter? All that it______9 (possible) can. ______10 you can learn from the ant philosophy is: Never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can 【答案】 【小題1】amazing 【小題2】looking 【小題3】are supposed 【小題4】preparations 【小題5】when/as 【小題6】themselves 【小題7】the 【小題8】turns 【小題9】p