高考英語大二輪總復習 專題四 語法填空課件.ppt

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專題四語法填空,題型解讀與高考感悟,高頻考點與技巧點撥,高考新編,考點統(tǒng)計(略),題型解讀與高考感悟,近兩年語法填空考點布局充分體現(xiàn)了“實詞考查為主，虛詞考查為輔”的命題原則。注意：1.詞類轉換以實詞中名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞四類為主，而對于名詞的考查近兩年均涉及名詞單復數(shù)的考查，而未涉及到,考情分析,名詞的所有格，在2016年備考中應引起注意；對于代詞的詞形變換考查涉及了人稱代詞與物主代詞的轉換，反身代詞近兩年還未涉及，也應引起注意。2.對于無提示詞類的情態(tài)動詞和助動詞的考查，僅2014年新課標全國樣卷中考查了must表推測，2014年新課標全國考查了助動詞did。指示代詞與不定代詞近兩年均未涉及。,3.特殊句式在近兩年雖然未考查，但備考時應注意：倒裝結構中助動詞、小句替代中so，neither，nor以及only等的考查；省略結構中不定式符號to以及結合狀語從句的省略中非謂語動詞或連詞的考查；強調句式中it或that的考查；感嘆句中how，what或不定冠詞a/an的考查等。,4.連接性副詞與語境填詞雖然在2014年新課標全國樣卷中均有涉及，但可能考慮到這兩類詞均為完形填空考點，故在2014、2015兩年正式考試中均未涉及，但在2015年全國中考查了無提示詞形式的時間副詞before/earlier，故像earlier，ago，later等時間副詞與never，hardly等頻度副詞是否會有考查還需注意。,5.從出題形式上看，近兩年10個設空中都是7個有提示詞、3個無提示詞，預計2016年還應該以這種比例來突出提示詞考查為主的出題形式。,(一)(2015全國)Yangshuo，ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI61.(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidntcare.Afewhours62.，IdbeenathomeinHongKong，with63.(it)chokingsmog.Here，theairwascleanandfresh，evenwiththerain.,真題體驗,arrived,before/earlier,its,IdskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver64.arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65.(painting).Instead，IdheadedstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin，itsonlyanhouraway66.carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetterknowncity.,that/which,paintings,by,Yangshuo67.(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers68.(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysit69.(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople70.(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.,is,conducted,regularly,living,(二)(2015全國)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)41.(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven42.mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir43.(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout,built,the,ability,44.(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat45.(slow)duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough46.(cool)thehouseduringthehotday；47.thesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle48.(go)dayafterday：Thewalls,using,slowly,tocool,at,goes,warmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As49.(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly50.thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.,natural,how,(三)(2014新課標全國)Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969，thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland，Ohio.It61.(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit62.(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now，yearslater，thisriverisoneof63.mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.,was,actually,the,Buttheriverwasntchangedinafewdays64.evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork65.(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally，thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66.(clean)thanever.,or,toreduce,cleaner,Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit67.isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordontknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation，dontyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?,that/which,Whilethereare68.(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthe69.(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70.(patience).,amazing,changes,patient,(四)(2014新課標全國)Onemorning，Iwaswaitingatthebusstop，worriedabout41.(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,42.someofthemlookedveryanxiousand43.(disappoint).Whenthebusfinallycame，weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext44.thewindow，soIhadagoodviewofthe,being,and,disappointed,to,sidewalk.Aboyonabike45.(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver，butherefused46.(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still，theboykept47.(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally，whenwecametothenextstop，theboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriver,caught,tostop,riding,stoodupandasked，“48.anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop？”Awomanonthebusshouted，“Ohdear！Its49.(I).”Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone，andthecrowdofstrangers50.(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.,Did,me/mine,suddenly,(五)(2014新課標全國樣卷)Mum：(puttingonhercoat)Imgoingtohavetogodowntotheshopformorebread.Alan：Why?Mum：Imnotsurewhat1.(happen).Imadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetable2.Iwenttoanswerthephone.Butsomeonemusthavetakenthembecausetheyre3.(go).,happened,when,gone,Alan：Oh，itmusthavebeenDad.Imsurehewasinthekitchen4.(early).Mum：No，hewentofftohistennismatchbeforeIfinished5.(make)them，sohecouldnthavedoneit.6.，hecouldntcarryaplateofsandwichesaswellasallhistennisstuff，soImsure7.wasnthim.,earlier,making,Anyway,it,Alan：(openingthefridgedoor)Well，itwasntme.ButMum，look！Aretheseyoursandwicheshereonthebottomshelfof8.fridge?Mum：Aretheythere？Oh，mygoodness，I9.haveputthemintherewhenthephonerang.Oh，dear.Ireallymustbelosingmy10.Now，whydidIputonmycoat?,the,must,memory/mind,一、提示詞填空(一)詞類轉換,高頻考點與技巧點撥,二、提示詞填空(二)詞形變換,三、提示詞填空(三)謂語與非謂語動詞,四、純空格填空,典例1Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysit69(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongKong.(2015全國)分析設空處修飾謂語動詞arrange，需要一個副詞，故填regularly。,考點,考點1形容詞副詞,一、提示詞填空(一)詞類轉換考點例析,典例217(lucky)，healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.(2015廣東)分析用副詞修飾整個句子。故填Luckily。,方法歸納修飾動詞短語、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，或作狀語時，用副詞形式。,典例1Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir43(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.(2015全國)分析形容詞性物主代詞their之后應當用名詞，故將able轉化為其名詞形式ability。,考點,考點2形容詞/動詞名詞,一、提示詞填空(一)詞類轉換考點例析,典例2Severalchildrenareawayfromschoolbecauseof(ill).分析介詞短語becauseof后接賓語，要用名詞，故填illness。,典例3Hehadwitnessedtoomany(die)andwoundsattheBattleofSolferinoinItalyfouryearsearlier，inwhich40,000peoplewerekilled，woundedormissing.分析這里指的是死亡，是可數(shù)名詞，在句中作及物動詞witness的賓語，空前的toomany也暗示應用death的復數(shù)形式deaths。,方法歸納作主語，或在及物動詞、介詞短語后作賓語時，前面可能有限定詞冠詞、形容詞或形容詞性物主代詞修飾，通常用名詞形式；注意單復數(shù)形式。,典例1As49(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015全國)分析修飾名詞architects，故要用形容詞形式natural。,考點,考點3動詞/名詞形容詞,一、提示詞填空(一)詞類轉換考點例析,典例2Whilethereare68(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation，.(2014新課標全國)分析此處用形容詞修飾名詞stories。amaze的形容詞有兩個，一個是amazing，另一個是amazed。修飾物(stories)當然用amazing。,典例3Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand43(disappoint).(2014新課標全國)分析本句的主語是someofthem，此處and連接兩個并列成分，再結合前面的形容詞anxious可知，此處也應該填一個形容詞。故此處用disappointed表示他們中有些人感到失望。,方法歸納作表語系動詞之后、定語修飾名詞或賓語補足語表性質狀態(tài)時，通常用形容詞形式。注意?？紕釉~分詞的形容詞性化，其形容詞的形式有：-ing結尾的和ed結尾的兩種。,用所給詞的適當形式填空1.Theygavemoneytotheoldpeopleshomeeither(personal)orthroughtheircompanies.(2015安徽，31)2.Itwas(consider)ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.(2015福建，23)3.Mostofus，ifweknowevenalittleaboutwhereourfoodcomesfrom，understandthateverybiteputintoourmouthswas(former)alive.(2015浙江，13),考點專練,personally,considerate,formerly,4.Thereisnoneedtotellmeyouranswernow.Giveitsome(think)andthenletmeknow.(2015安徽，30)5.Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughand(comprehension)reviewofthecase.(2015江蘇，31)6.Theclimatehereisquite(please)，thetemperaturerarely，ifever，reaching30insummer.(2014福建，28),thought,comprehensive,pleasant,7.Whatwasso(impress)aboutJasmineWestlandsvictorywasthatshecamefirstinthemarathonbarefooted.(2014湖北，27)8.Lifeis(predict)；eventhepoorestmightbecometherichest.(2014江西，30),impressive,unpredictable,9.ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfelt(please)，becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasnther，itwasprobablythefactthatshesatinthelastrow.(2012廣東)10.Whydoyouchoosetoworkinaninternationaltravelagency?Well，youknow，Englishismy(strong).Soitismybestchoice.(2012福建，25),pleased,strength,典例1IdskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65(painting).(2015全國)分析由于該名詞由somany修飾，故填其復數(shù)形式paintings。,考點,考點1名詞的單復數(shù)與所有格,二、提示詞填空(二)詞形變換考點例析,典例2Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthe69(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbepatient.(2014新課標全國)分析前面是定冠詞the，因此后面要用名詞，再由謂語動詞are可知此空要用其名詞的復數(shù)形式，故填changes。,典例3Itsaboutan(hour)drivefromhere.分析句意為：離這里大約有一個小時的車程?！耙粋€小時的”用所有格，故填hours。,方法歸納若所給提示詞為名詞而空格處也應填名詞，注意要弄清名詞的數(shù)與格，即名詞是否需要復數(shù)形式，或是否需要所有格。,典例1Finally，thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66(clean)thanever.(2014新課標全國)分析從后面的than可知此處要用比較級，因此要用cleaner。,考點2形容詞與副詞的比較等級,考點,二、提示詞填空(二)詞形變換考點例析,典例2Afterourplanelanded，wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths17(early)，butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.(2014廣東)分析由前面提到的wehadplannedformonths(我們已經計劃了數(shù)月)可知，早在六個月之前我們就已經預訂了，故用比較級earlier。,典例3The68(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.(2014遼寧)分析考查固定句式。這里是“the比較級.，the比較級.”句式，表示“越就越”。故填harder。,方法歸納若括號中所給的是形容詞或副詞，有可能考查其比較等級或最高級；注意than或比較級的修飾詞等標志性詞或上下文中暗含的比較；其次還要注意一些特殊句式，如：the比較級，the比較級；“否定詞cant/couldnt比較級”表示最高級等。,典例1Afewhoursbefore，IdbeenathomeinHongKong，with63(it)chokingsmog.(2015全國)分析空格后面的smog為名詞，故要使用形容詞性物主代詞its來修飾限定。,考點3人稱代詞、物主代詞與反身代詞的變換,考點,二、提示詞填空(二)詞形變換考點例析,典例2Thechildrenamused(they)byplayinghideandseekgames.分析缺賓語，應填代詞；這些孩子拿誰取樂，應是“自娛自樂(amuseoneself)”，與主語Thechildren一致，故填themselves。類似的短語還有enjoyoneself(玩得開心)，teachoneself(自學)，adaptoneself(適應)，dressoneself(自己穿衣)，devoteoneselfto(致力于)，byoneself(單獨地)等。,方法歸納若提示詞是物主代詞表示某人的，作主語、賓語或表語用名詞性物主代詞；在名詞前作定語只能用形容詞性物主代詞。反身代詞反指誰，它通常作主語和賓語的同位語，這時應與主語或賓語一致；也可作某些動詞或介詞的賓語，這時需與主語一致。,用所給詞的適當形式填空1.Someschoolswillhavetomake(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.(2015江蘇，32)2.Wetendtohavea(good)memoryforthingsthatexciteoursensesorappealtoouremotionsthanforstraightfacts.(2015浙江，11)3.Andyiscontentwiththetoy.Itis(good)hehasevergot.(2015四川，7),考點專練,adjustments,better,thebest,4.Hegave(him)anewnametohidehisidentitywhenhewenttocarryoutthesecrettask.(2015湖北，22)5.Icanttellyouthewaytothe(Wilson)becausewedonthaveaWilsonhereinthevillage.(2014重慶，6)6.Thisisbyfar(inspiring)moviethatIhaveeverseen.(2013遼寧，33),himself,Wilsons,themostinspiring,7.Tonycanhardlyboilanegg，still(little)cookdinner.(2013新課標全國，25)8.Nexttobiology，Ilikephysics(well).(2012大綱全國，13)9.Shecameacrossanoldfriendof(she)yesterdaywhileshewasshoppingatthedepartmentstore.(2011天津，8)10.Onmydeskisaphotothatmyfathertookof(I)whenIwasababy.(2010四川，7),less,best,hers,me,典例1ItwasraininglightlywhenI61(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidntcare.(2015全國)分析主句謂語動詞使用了過去進行時wasraining，后一句中用了一般過去時didntcare，根據語境此處要用一般過去時態(tài)。故填arrived。,考點,考點1考綱規(guī)定考查的十種時態(tài),三、提示詞填空(三)謂語與非謂語動詞動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài),考點例析,典例2Thiscycle48(go)dayafterday：Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.(2015全國)分析這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了土坯房冬暖夏涼的原理。此處指前面提到的循環(huán)不斷地持續(xù)下去，這種情況是客觀事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。又因為主語thiscycle為單數(shù)第三人稱，故填goes。,典例3In1969，thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland，Ohio.It61(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.(2014新課標全國)分析事情發(fā)生在1969年，是一個過去的時間，故此處要用一般過去時，又因為主語為it，故填was。,方法歸納句中若缺少謂語，注意要考慮所給動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)。判斷時態(tài)首先要確定時間，然后根據動作發(fā)生的狀態(tài)來判斷應該運用哪種時態(tài)。有時也可以根據空格后和該句中已經存在的謂語動詞的并列關系來確定時態(tài)?？荚囌f明中規(guī)定考的有十種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、將來進行時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、過去將來時。近兩年考查一般過去時和一般現(xiàn)在時居多。,典例1Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearbyforotherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat19(leave).(2015廣東)分析由語境可知，整體為過去時態(tài)，且what與leave之間是被動關系，故此處用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填wasleft。,考點,考點2考綱規(guī)定考查的八種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài),三、提示詞填空(三)謂語與非謂語動詞動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài),典例2Bepatient！TaiChi66(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.Itasksyoutoactlikewater：.(2014遼寧)分析整篇對話的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時。TaiChi與call之間是被動關系，所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填iscalled。,方法歸納句中缺少謂語，且與主語存在被動關系，考慮根據時間和動作存在的方式，確定相應時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。注意只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)?？荚囌f明中規(guī)定考的各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)有八種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時。,典例1Unlesssomeextramoney(find)，thetheatrewillclose.(2014大綱全國，22)分析考查一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。由語境可知，此處是unless引導的條件狀語從句，主句用一般將來時態(tài)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表將來；句中主語someextramoney與find之間為動賓關系，要用被動語態(tài)。故填isfound。,考點,考點3時態(tài)與語態(tài)中的幾個特殊用法,三、提示詞填空(三)謂語與非謂語動詞動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài),典例2Jameshasjustarrived，butIdidntknowhe(come)untilyesterday.(2014重慶，8)分析考查過去進行時表過去將來。wascoming為過去進行時態(tài)，表示過去將來。know后面為賓語從句，從句動詞相對于know而言指將要發(fā)生的動作，而come，go，leave，start，arrive等瞬間性動詞可用進行時態(tài)表示將來的動作。根據didnt可知此處應該用過去進行時表示過去將來的動作。,典例3Foodsuppliesinthefloodstrickenarea(run)out.Wemustactimmediatelybeforetheresnoneleft.(2012重慶，27)分析考查現(xiàn)在進行時表一般將來與主動表被動。由句中beforetheresnoneleft可知食物還沒有用完，故用現(xiàn)在進行時表示“(食品供應)快用完了”；此外runout為不及物動詞，不可用于被動語態(tài)。故填arerunning。,典例4Yangshuo67(be)reallybeautiful.(2015全國)分析考查主謂一致和動詞時態(tài)。本段介紹陽朔的自然條件，屬客觀事實，要用一般現(xiàn)在時；由于主語是單數(shù)第三人稱形式，故填is。,方法歸納在確定謂語動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)時，我們可從四個方面來進行判斷：(1)看句子中的時間狀語或時間狀語從句。(2)看上下文的謂語動詞的形式。(3)看是否是特殊的句型。如：was/wereabouttodo.when.did.Itis/hasbeen時間段since.did.,It/This/Thatisthefirsttimethat.have/hasdone.或It/This/Thatwasthefirsttimethat.haddone.Its(hightime)that.did/shoulddoHardlyhad主語done.when.did.或Nosoonerhad主語done.than.did.這樣的句型還有很多，平時要注意積累。(4)看與主語存在主動關系還是被動關系。若是被動，還需看所給是否為及物動詞，是否考查主動表被動等。(5)注意主謂是否一致。,典例1Hewalkedinasifhe17(buy)theschool.AndthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYorkCity.(2012廣東)分析這是由asif引導的虛擬語氣，因為是與過去事實相反，故用過去完成時，填hadbought。,考點,考點4虛擬語氣中的時態(tài)與語態(tài),三、提示詞填空(三)謂語與非謂語動詞動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài),典例2Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishI(dance)aswellasher.(2015陜西，23)分析wish后跟賓語從句時，從句中需要用虛擬語氣。由語境可知，此處敘述的是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設，謂語動詞應用過去式(be用were)。故填danced。,典例3Itisluckywebookedaroom，orwe(have)nowheretostaynow.(2015安徽，32)分析本題考查了虛擬語氣在含蓄條件句中的運用，條件句部分在or中體現(xiàn)，相當于ifwehadntbookedaroom，wewouldhavenowheretostaynow，根據“now”可知，是對現(xiàn)在進行虛擬。故填wouldhave。,方法歸納一旦判定所給動詞在句中作謂語后，就要考慮其時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等。除了if虛擬條件句，還應注意虛擬語氣的標志詞，如：suggest，wouldrather，asif，wish，otherwise，or，butfor等。,用所給動詞的適當形式填空1.JustasIgottotheschoolgate，IrealizedI(leave)mybookinthecafe.(2015安徽，24)2.Itisreportedthataspacestation(build)onthemooninyearstocome.(2015安徽，29)3.IsPetercoming?No，he(change)hismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.(2015重慶，1),考點專練,hadleft,willbebuilt,changed,4.Janecantattendthemeetingat3oclockthisafternoonbecauseshe(teach)aclassatthattime.(2015天津，6)5.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks，noagreement(reach)sofarbythetwosides.(2015天津，9)6.Marty(work)reallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshellhavefinisheditbyFriday.(2015陜西，22),willbeteaching,hasbeenreached,hasbeenworking,7.Therealreasonwhyprices(be)，andstillare，toohighiscomplex，andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.(2015江蘇，30)8.Asyougothroughthisbook，you(find)thateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarhadadifferentexperience.(2015湖南，22),were,willfind,9.HemusthavesensedthatI(look)athim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly，“Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat？”(2015湖南，28)10.Tomydelight，I(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.(2015福建，26),waslooking,waschosen,11.Inthelastfewyears，China(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.(2015北京，26)12.IwasntabletohidemyeagernesswhenI(ask)，“Whatdoyouwishmetodonow？”(2015湖南，25),hasmade,asked,典例1Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough46(cool)thehouseduringthehotday；atthesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.(2015全國)分析“be形容詞enough動詞不定式”為常用句式，意為“足夠，能夠做某事”。故填tocool。,考點,考點1動詞不定式,三、提示詞填空(三)謂語與非謂語動詞非謂語動詞,考點例析,典例2Sincetheplantstookawhiletogrow，hestartedcuttingdowntrees23(sell)thewood.(2015廣東)分析砍樹的目的是賣錢，故這里用動詞不定式形式在句中作目的狀語。故填tosell。,典例3Ittookyearsofwork65(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.(2014新課標全國)分析句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式，該句結構為“Ittakes時間todosth.”。故填toreduce。,典例4Shewishedthathewasaseasy32(please)ashermother，whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.(2009廣東)分析該句空格前是形容詞，所以用動詞不定式作狀語。故填toplease。,方法歸納首先分析句子結構，若句子中已有謂語動詞且不是并列謂語時，需考慮非謂語動詞。然后分析非謂語動詞在句中作何成分，再根據各非謂語動詞的特點確定填哪種形式。對于不定式的考查，需注意不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，熟記?？几欢ㄊ阶髻e語的動詞以及一些常考句式。,典例1Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople70(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.(2015全國)分析句中已有謂語動詞arranges，故應考慮非謂語動詞。由于live與其所修飾的名詞people之間為邏輯上的主謂關系，故用表示主動意義的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語。故填living。,考點,考點2動詞的-ing形式,三、提示詞填空(三)謂語與非謂語動詞非謂語動詞,典例2Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout44(use)electricequipment.(2015全國)分析句中已有謂語，介詞without之后的動詞要用動名詞形式。故填using。,典例3Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver，butherefusedtostopuntilwereachedthenextstop.Still，theboykept47(ride).(2014新課標全國)分析根據空格前面的kept可知，此處是keepdoingsth.結構，意為“繼續(xù)做某事”。故后面應使用v.ing形式，因此需將ride變成riding。,方法歸納現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示自然而然的結果或伴隨，且與句子主語構成邏輯上的主動關系；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作的主動進行行為或正在進行中；動名詞作主語表示一般的、抽象的或習慣性動作；此外，應熟記能用動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語。,典例1Astudyoftravelers68(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.(2015全國)分析句中出現(xiàn)雙動詞conduct與names且無連詞，通過name的第三人稱單數(shù)形式可判定names為句子的謂語，故判定設空處應填非謂語動詞形式作astudy的定語。conduct,考點,考點3動詞的過去分詞,三、提示詞填空(三)謂語與非謂語動詞非謂語動詞,與study之間為動賓關系，故用表示被動的過去分詞形式。此外，by是解題的關鍵詞，conductedby.意為“由所做的”。故填conducted。,典例2Theadobedwellings(土坯房)41(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2015全國)分析build與句子謂語areadmired之間無連詞，故應填非謂語動詞。主語adobedwellings與動詞build之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，故用過去分詞形式作后置定語。又由by一詞的暗示也可知用表示被動意義的過去分詞。故填built。,方法歸納過去分詞可作狀語、定語或補語，表示被動與完成；若作表語?？嫉臑樾稳菰~性化的過去分詞；過去分詞不可作主語或賓語。,用所給動詞的適當形式填空1.(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow，hehadalong，hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.(2015重慶，6)2.Likeancientsailors，birdscanfindtheirway(use)thesunandthestars.(2015重慶，11),考點專練,Raised,using,考點一非謂語動詞作狀語,3.(work)fortwodays，Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.(2015天津，8)4.Whentheclerksawakindoffacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile，shestoodrootedtotheground，(wonder)whethertostayorleave.(2015湖南，30)5.(learn)moreaboutChineseculture，JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.(2015福建，28),Havingworked,wondering,Tolearn,6.Anxiously，shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton，only(find)itdidntfit.(2014天津，5),tofind,考點二非謂語動詞作定語1.Theparkwasfullofpeople，(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.(2015北京，23)2.AmieSalmon，disabled，isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse(appoint)toguardher.(2014浙江，14)3.Theresanotepinnedtothedoor(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.(2014山東，6),enjoying,appointed,saying,4.Todaytherearemoreairplanes(carry)morepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.(2014大綱全國，23)5.Therearestillmanyproblems(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(2014北京，28)6.Volunteeringgivesyouachance(change)lives，includingyourown.(2013北京，21),carrying,tobesolved,tochange,考點三非謂語動詞作主語、賓語或表語1.(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.(2015安徽，27)2.AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress，AnneBenedictwenton(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.(2015陜西，17),Ignoring,tothank,3.Itsstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone(employ)asecurityofficer.(2014山東，9)4.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore，hecangoshoppingwithout(recognize).(2014北京，35)5.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway，thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying(connect).(2014福建，30)6.Theenginejustwontstart.Somethingseems(go)wrongwithit.(2013重慶，34),toemploy,beingrecognized,connected,tohavegone,考點四非謂語動詞作賓補或主補1.Listeningtomusicathomeisonething；goingtohearit(perform)liveisquiteanother.(2015浙江，18)2.LittleTomsat(amaze)watchingthemonkeydancinginfrontofhim.(2015四川，9),beingperformed,amazed,3.BackfromhistwoyearmedicalserviceinAfrica，Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother(take)goodcareofathome.(2015陜西，18)4.Heisthought(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.(2014江西，34)5.Whenwesawtheroad(block)withsnow，wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.(2013北京，29),taken,tohaveacted,blocked,6.Letthoseinneed(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.(2013陜西，13),understand,考點五省略句中的非謂語動詞及獨立主格1.Muchtime(spend)sittingatadesk，officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.(2015江蘇，24)2.Children，when(accompany)bytheirparents，areallowedtoenterthestadium.(2014湖南，21)3.Thelecture(give)，alivelyquestionandanswersessionfollowed.(2014江蘇，29),spent,accompanied,havingbeengiven,4.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden，weather(permit).(2012新課標全國，28)5.Batsaresurprisinglylonglivedcreatures，some(have)alifespanofaround20years.(2011浙江，3),perm