《并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)》PPT課件.ppt

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并列平行結(jié)構(gòu),英語句子中的并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)最常用的方法是通過使用一些關(guān)聯(lián)詞，如 and、or等，或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)如：分號(hào)，逗號(hào)，破折號(hào)等，若干個(gè)在語義上有聯(lián)系或相互照應(yīng)的單詞、詞組或子句連在一起組成一種并列或平行結(jié)構(gòu)的長句，以表達(dá)一個(gè)復(fù)雜得多層次含義。這種句式雖然難度不一定很高，但在復(fù)雜長句中還是占了相當(dāng)大的比例的.,并列： 語義并列 語用并列 語法功能并列 形式并列,Keeping your head, instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit, may make the different between life and death when fire breaks out.,要點(diǎn)分析：句中主語為動(dòng)名詞短語“Keeping……” “crowding”和“pushing”兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞是并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)。,參考譯文：當(dāng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)，保持冷靜，不要向安全出口亂擠亂擁，這樣就會(huì)使生與死的機(jī)會(huì)截然不同。,The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced.,要點(diǎn)：主語the way 有一個(gè)很長的定語從句修飾，定語從句中有三個(gè)并列的不定式短語作動(dòng)詞“is used”的目的狀語即to achieve privacy， to build homes，和to design cities。本句的主干部分為：The way is culturally influenced。,參考譯文：怎樣利用空間實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人隱私，修建住宅及規(guī)劃城市都受到文化上的影響。,And neither friends nor family can convince phobic people that most animals are harmless, that thousands of travelers fly safely every day, and millions of people ride safely in elevators several times each day.,要點(diǎn)：neither…nor連接并列主語?！癱onvince”后接“people”作賓語，另外三個(gè)“that……”從句并列作convince 的賓語，其中最后一個(gè)“that……”從句前省略了“that”補(bǔ)齊則為（that） millions of……。,參考譯文：朋友們及家庭成員都無法說服恐懼癥患者，使他們相信：多數(shù)動(dòng)物對(duì)人無害，數(shù)以千計(jì)的旅行者每日都安全的飛行，數(shù)百萬的人每天都安全地乘好幾次電梯。,并列句的省略,為了使講話和行文簡潔并列句句中某些成分有時(shí)可以省略。 在并列句中后面的分句往往省略和上文重合的部分尤其當(dāng)?shù)诙涑霈F(xiàn)and, but, neither, either, nor, so too時(shí)那么后一個(gè)分句與前一個(gè)分句相同的句子成分可以省略。在英漢翻譯時(shí)省略部分常常要翻譯出來。,It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada (it is) inevitable and in California (it is) optional.,I think you’ll win the race; indeed we all think so. By taking thought, men can move mountains--and have (moved mountains). In note-taking, a strict discipline has to be kept to and all inessential details (have to be) ignored and unnecessary words (have to be) eliminated.,[真題再現(xiàn)] If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not（） as protection against legal liability.  1999年text1,[真題再現(xiàn)] Foreign clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration.  1995年text5,