現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解課件.ppt

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語法課堂,上一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),下一頁,主菜單,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語及動(dòng)詞過去分詞,短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系,have been 與have gone 比較,與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較,Mother: John, clean your teeth please.,John: Mum, I have already(已經(jīng)) cleaned them.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,主語+have (has）+ 過去分詞,例句：,I have already had lunch. Have you had lunch yet? Yes, I have. No, I havent. I havent had lunch yet. He has gone to the library ? 他是去了圖書館。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型：,肯定式：主語 + 助動(dòng)詞have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞. 疑問式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞? 否定式: 主語 + 助動(dòng)詞have/has + not + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,上一頁,下一頁,-- It’s so dark. --Someone has turned off the light. (有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑),-- Are you free? --I have finished my homework. I am free. (我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空),主菜單,用法1. 表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或影響。 (與一般過去時(shí)對(duì)比，一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,,用法2. 動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，并且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。 I have lived here for 3 years. He has taught English since 2001.,3.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷.,上一頁,下一頁,I have ever been to the Summer Palace? (我曾去過頤和園) Mary has gone to BeiJing with her mother(去了),I have never had a car. (我從未有過汽車。),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,主菜單,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語,◆常與①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before, ⑦up to now, ⑧so far, ⑨for the last few weeks ⑩these days, ⑾since ⑿for a long time 連用,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,12,動(dòng)詞過去分詞的變化規(guī)則,規(guī)則變化： 一般情況下，動(dòng)詞詞尾加 -ed ，如： worked played wanted acted 以不發(fā)音的 -e 結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加 -d，如： lived moved decided hoped 以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-y變?yōu)?i 再加-ed，如： studied tried copied cried 以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加 -ed，如： stopped begged dropped planned,13,不規(guī)則變化 AB型 can -could shall-should will-would may-might AAA型 cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-put set-set-set shut-shut-shut read-read-read AAB型 beat-beat-beaten ABA型 become-became-become come-came-come run-ran-run,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞,1．在表示“用法1”時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和副詞already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等連用。.,a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時(shí)表示強(qiáng) 調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語氣；yet 用于否定句和疑問句。,He has already left here. 他已經(jīng)離開這里了。 Has he already left here? 他（真的）已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語氣） My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。 Have you written to your parents yet? 你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過信了嗎？,2. yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,否定句:句末 “還(沒)”,疑問句: 句末 “己經(jīng)”,Eg. I haven’t had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?,b） never 是否定詞，表示“從來沒有”，而ever 表示“曾經(jīng)”,We have never been to the Great Wall. 我們從來沒有去過長城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你們?cè)?jīng)去過加拿大嗎？,c） just表示“剛剛”（用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，與already，never 等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動(dòng)詞have/has和動(dòng)詞過去分詞之間）,He has just come back. 他剛剛回來。 They have just finished the work. 他們剛剛完成那項(xiàng)工作。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞,1．在表示“用法2”時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與since + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for + 一段時(shí)間，so far ,up to now等時(shí)間狀語連用。,,1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. He’s studied English for 3 years.,一段時(shí)間,2. since +,從句(一般過去時(shí)),,,單詞,詞組,(表示過去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn),Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,since: (自…以來) 1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn) He has stayed here since 5 o’clock. 2)since+ 時(shí)間段+ ago He has stayed here since 5 hours ago. 3)since+ 從句 She has taught English since he came here. for: (長達(dá)） for+ 時(shí)間段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks.,since , for 的用法:,,Take notes,注1): since 也可單獨(dú)使用, 表示“自那時(shí)起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加強(qiáng)語氣. Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.,注2): 對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語提問 必須用how long, 決不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,※短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換,leave-- come/go (to) -- arrive (at/in)-- get (to)-- reach-- buy-- borrow-- finish--,join-- start/begin-- die-- close-- open-- return-- marry-- become--,be away (from),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),have,keep,be over,be in/be a/an…,be on,be dead,be closed,be open,be back,be married,be,短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系,●短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：①become, ②begin, ③buy, ④borrow, ⑤come (go, arrive), ⑥die, ⑦finish, ⑧join, ⑨ leave, 等。,上一頁,下一頁,●為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 來代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。,主菜單,become →be, begin→ have , borrow → keep, buy → have, come (go, arrive, get) →be here/there/in…， die→ be dead, finish→ be over, join→ be in …（be a member of … ） leave→ be away ( from…),,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,●但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。 如：I haven’t bought the bike for a year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。 She hasn’t come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個(gè)小時(shí)。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,? 翻 譯 練 習(xí)： 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.,The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.,,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。 4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來這兒了。 5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。,He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,He has come here since 6 o’clock. He has been here since 6 o’clock.,I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.,,W,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,have been 與have gone 的用法比較,have been to 意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去過南京嗎？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去過桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,?與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較,一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,四)It is/has been +一段時(shí)間 +since+句子(一般過去時(shí)) =一段時(shí)間+has passed +since + 句子(一般過去時(shí)),Eg. It is/has been five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。,上一頁,下一頁,? 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。,?第二句用過去時(shí)只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說明。,主菜單,二．當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過去時(shí):,上一頁,下一頁,eg: I saw the film on television yesterday .,但since(自…以來)+某一過去時(shí)間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。,eg： They have known each other since 1950 .,Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.,主菜單,三．常與一般過去時(shí)連用的典型的 表示過去時(shí)間的狀語:,上一頁,下一頁,yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), just now(剛才)， 時(shí)間+ ago, last +時(shí)間 等;,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week .,主菜單,上一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí),主菜單,動(dòng) 詞 填 空： 1._____ you ________(clean) the room? Yes, we __________(do) that already. When _______ you ______(do) it? We _______(do) it an hour ago. 2.______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes. When _____ he _____(see) it? He ______ it last week. 3. How many times _____you______(be) there?,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,,seen,did,see,saw,,have,been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,4. I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting. 5. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes. How ______ she _______(go) there? She _______(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _______________(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen ______(give)up smoking last year. 8.Mr Chen __________(give) up smoking since last year.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,have developed,gave,has given,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,選用 for和 since填空: 1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years. 6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空,Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop. ______ you ever _____ to kunming ? Never. Where _____ you ______ these days? Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _______ here for several days. Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________. Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ ? Li Lei is looking for you.,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,改 錯(cuò) 1. How long have you begun to study English? 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. 5. He has gone out for two years.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,The house is dirty. We _______it for weeks. A didn’t clean B hadn’t cleaned C don’t clean D haven’t cleaned 2. ---____the sports meeting might be put off. ---Yes, it all depends on the weather. A I’ve been told B I’ve told C I’m told D I told 3. ---- I’m sorry to keep you waiting. ----Oh, not at all. I _____here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -----Will you go to Beijing for vacation ? -----I _______ to go , but I don’t know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning,,,,,,6. --When will they leave ? ---They ______very soon . A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7 --Was he studying for an exam ? --Yes , he was ____ it last week. A doing B to take C making D to give 8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth ____ round. A is B would C was D were 9. She _______ such an interesting book before. A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting ______ A is lasting B is lasted C will be lasted D lasts,,,,,,、翻譯下列句子： 1. 你曾經(jīng)吃過魚和薯?xiàng)l嗎？ 2. 我剛剛丟了我的語文書。 3. 我以前從來沒去過那個(gè)公園。 4. 他已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。 5. 你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？ 6. 我哥哥還沒回來。 7. 我自從上星期看過這部電影。 8. 自從1992年他住在這里。 9.這本字典我已買了三年了。 10.他離開中國三年了,1.Have you eatten fish and french frise? 2.I have lost my Chinese book. 3 I have never been to that park. 4.He has already had lunch. 5 Have you seen this movie yet? 6 My brother has not returned. 7 I have seen this movie since last week. 8 He has lived here since 1992. 9 I have had this dictionary for three years. 10 He has been away China for three years.,