現(xiàn)在完成時講解(經(jīng)典).ppt

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現(xiàn)在完成時,現(xiàn)在完成時,,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,,現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成,現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語,短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系,have been 與have gone 比較,與一般過去時的用法比較,現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,have (has）+ 過去分詞,present(now),future,past,do my homework,現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,上一頁,下一頁,-- It’s so dark. --Someone has turned off the light. (有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑),-- Are you free? --I have finished my homework. I am free (我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空),主菜單,1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。,現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,,2.表示過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，謂語動詞多用延續(xù)性動詞。（這一用法與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時相同： have / has + been + v.ing。） They have lived here for 30 years. 他們已經(jīng)在這兒住了30年。 (30年以前開始住在這兒，現(xiàn)在還住在這兒。) I have learned English since I was five years old. 我從五歲時就學(xué)英語。 （五歲時開始學(xué)英語，到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)。）,現(xiàn)在完成時的運用:,1）already 和yet already用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，在句中時，位于助動詞或系動詞后，實義動詞前。 yet用于否定句和疑問句，一般在句末。 I have already finished my homework. I haven’t finished my homework yet.,,2）ever和never ever用于肯定句和疑問句中，在句中位于助動詞或系動詞后，實義動詞前。 never用于句中，助動詞或系動詞后，實義動詞前，表示否定意義。 He has ever been to Paris. He has never been to Paris.,3） just表示“剛剛”（用于完成時態(tài)時，與already，never 等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動詞have/has和動詞過去分詞之間）,He has just come back. 他剛剛回來。 They have just finished the work. 他們剛剛完成那項工作。,4）for 和 since for 后面跟一段時間，since后面跟的是時間點，這個時間點可能是單詞、短語或一般過去時的句子。帶有for或since短語的句子，謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞。 He has been here for three days. He has been here since yesterday. He has been here since two days ago / last Monday. He has been here since his wife died.,3.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷.,上一頁,下一頁,I have ever been to the Summer Palace? (我曾去過頤和園),I have never had a car. (我從未有過汽車。),現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,主菜單,現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語,◆常與①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before, ⑦up to now, ⑧so far, ⑨for the last few weeks ⑩these days, ⑾since ⑿for a long time 連用,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,,I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。 (從10年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時 (半個小時前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游),現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,主菜單,2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài).常與since + 過去的時間點，for + 一段時間，so far 等時間狀語連用。,,1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. He’s studied English for 3 years.,一段時間,2. since +,從句(一般過去時),,,單詞,詞組,(表示過去某一時間的)時間點,Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,注2): 對for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語提問 必須用how long, 決不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,4. 過去分詞的構(gòu)成： 規(guī)則動詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成和過去式一樣，不規(guī)則 動詞的過去分詞見課本（八下或九年級課本最后 一頁）。 記憶不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞，可以分為 以下幾類來記：,A A A 型 原形、過去式和過去分詞同形：,hit,hit hit,cost,cost cost,let,let let,put,put put,read,read read,A B B 型 過去式和過去分詞同形：,buy,bought bought,feel,felt felt,find,found found,have,had had,A B C 型 原形、過去式和過去分詞各異,,do,did done,fly,flew flown,write,wrote written,go,went gone,A B A 型 原形與過去分詞同形,come,came come,become,became become,A A B 型 原形與過去式同形,beat,beat beaten,延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞（終止性動詞） 延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作 如：learn, work, keep, have, wait, stay等。 延續(xù)性動詞可以與表示時間段的狀語連用。 非延續(xù)性動詞也稱終止性動詞、瞬間動詞，表示 不能延續(xù)的動作,這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束,不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。 如:die, begin, finish, come, go, open, leave, join, marry / get married等。,leave-- come/go (to) -- arrive (at/in)-- get (to)-- reach-- buy-- borrow-- finish--,join-- start/begin-- die-- close-- open-- return-- marry-- become--,be away (from),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),have,keep,be over,be in/be a/an…,be on,be dead,be closed,be open,be back,be married,be,短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系,●短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是：①become, ②begin, ③buy, ④borrow, ⑤come (go, arrive), ⑥die, ⑦finish, ⑧join, ⑨ leave, 等。,上一頁,下一頁,●為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞 來代替短暫性動詞。,主菜單,become →be, begin→ have , borrow → keep, buy → have, come (go, arrive, get) →be here/there/in…， die→ be dead, finish→ be over, join→ be in …（be a member of … ） leave→ be away ( from…),,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,●但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時間段連用。 如：I haven’t bought the bike for a year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。 She hasn’t come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個小時。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,? 翻 譯 練 習(xí)： 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.,The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.,,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。 4.自從六點鐘他就來這兒了。 5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。,He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,He has come here since 6 o’clock. He has been here since 6 o’clock.,I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.,,W,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,have been 與have gone 的用法比較,have been to 意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時間了”,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,用have been to, have gone to, have been in的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. - Where is Tom? – He has gone to the library. 2. How many times have you been to Paris? 3. I haven’t seen you for a long time. Where have you been? I have been to Guangzhou. 4. How long have you been in this school? I have been in this school for three years. 5. My brother has been in the army since he left high school.,?與一般過去時的用法比較,一.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過去時，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。,上一頁,下一頁,? 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。,?第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說明。,主菜單,二．當(dāng)有一個表示過去某一特定時間的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用一般過去時:,上一頁,下一頁,eg: I saw the film on television yesterday .,但since(自…以來)+某一過去時間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。,eg： They have known each other since 1950 .,Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.,主菜單,三．常與一般過去時連用的典型的 表示過去時間的狀語:,上一頁,下一頁,yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), just now(剛才)， 時間+ ago, last +時間 等;,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week .,主菜單,動 詞 填 空： 1._____ you ________(clean) the room? Yes, we __________(do) that already. When _______ you ______(do) it? We _______(do) it an hour ago. 2.______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes. When _____ he _____(see) it? He ______ it last week. 3. How many times _____you______(be) there?,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,,seen,did,see,saw,,have,been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,4. I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting. 5. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes. How ______ she _______(go) there? She _______(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _______________(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen ______(give)up smoking last year. 8.Mr Chen __________(give) up smoking since last year.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,have developed,gave,has given,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,選用 for和 since填空: 1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years. 6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空,Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop. ______ you ever _____ to kunming ? Never. Where _____ you ______ these days? Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _______ here for several days. Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________. Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ ? Li Lei is looking for you.,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,改 錯 1. How long have you begun to study English? 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. 5. He has gone out for two years.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,The house is dirty. We _______it for weeks. A didn’t clean B hadn’t cleaned C don’t clean D haven’t cleaned 2. ---____the sports meeting might be put off. ---Yes, it all depends on the weather. A I’ve been told B I’ve told C I’m told D I told 3. ---- I’m sorry to keep you waiting. ----Oh, not at all. I _____here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -----Will you go to Beijing for vacation ? -----I _______ to go , but I don’t know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning,,,,,,6. --When will they leave ? ---They ______very soon . A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7 --Was he studying for an exam ? --Yes , hes ____ it last week. A doing B to take C making D to give 8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth ____ round. A is B would C was D were 9. She _______ such an interesting book before. A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting ______ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts,,,,,,