2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化類 閱讀理解練習(xí)（2）.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化類 閱讀理解練習(xí)（2） xx高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解--政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化類 13、With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, its not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someones face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps ( 處于沮喪中), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I dont know the person Im joking around with. My Grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is mon courtesy (禮貌) to speak to others that are around you. I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They dont get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke? Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together. 【小題1】According to the author, humor is useful in the aspect that ____________. A．it makes people more confident B．it can pick up people s spirits C．it can help rid the cruelty in the world D．it can help people get on well with others 【小題2】The phrase “busting a gut" in the third paragraph can be replaced by __________. A．explaining carefully B．speaking loud C．keeping silent D．laughing hard 【小題3】In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to __________. A．talk about his own understanding of humor B．encourage people to be humorous in daily life C．introduce a practical way to get through daily life D．convince people of the power of being optimistic about life 【小題4】What is the author s attitude towards the present world? A．Positive. B．Critical. C．Satisfied. D．Indifferent. xx高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解--政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化類 CANYOUMAGINEHOWHARDITWOULDBETOREADSENTENCESLIKES? Every one of us gets so used to punctuation marks that not many of us give them a secondthought．Actually，the ancient Greeks wrote this way．The lack of punctuation marks probably didn’t bother good readers，though．As they read，they just put pauses where they fit best. Also at this time，sentences switched directions．A sentence read from leftto right．The next one read right to left，and then left to right again，etc．The ancient Romans sometimes punctuatedlike this：They put somethingthat can separate words in a sentence．The wordpunctuationactually es from this idea andthe Latin word“punctum”which means a lot. When the 5th century arrived，there were just twopunctuation marks：spaces and points．The spaces separated words while the points showed pauses in reading．Then in the 13th century，a printer named Aldus Manutius tried to standardize punctuation．He always used a period for a plete stop at the end of a sentence．He used a slash(／)toindicate a short pause．Over time．that slash was shortened and curled，and it became the modern ma(逗號(hào))． Since that time，other marks have enlarged the punctuation family．The exclamation mark(感嘆號(hào))es from the Latin word“io”．It means “exclamation of joy”.The question mark originally started out as the Latin word“questio”，meaning“question”．Eventually，scholars put it attheend of a sentence to show a question． Punctuation even keeps changing nowadays．New marks are ing into existence，and old punctuation marks are used in new ways．Take for example the“interrobang”．This 1962 invention bines the question mark and exclamation mark for times when writers want both．For example．“She did what?!”or“How much did you pay for that dress?!”O(jiān)bviously,the interrobang is not widelyused or recognized yet，but its invention shows that English is not yet finishedwith its punctuation． 【小題1】From the first paragraph，we can know that__________. A．good readers had trouble reading without punctuation marks B．a(chǎn) sentence always read from left to right in ancient Greece C．a(chǎn)ncient Greeks switched the direction of punctuation marks D．the use of punctuation marks can date back to ancient times 【小題2】We can learn from the passage that___________． A．a(chǎn)ncient Romans didn’t use any punctuation marks B．exclamation and question marks came from Latin C．spaces and slashes were already used before the 5th century D．Aldus Manutiusfast started to use mas 【小題3】What can be concluded from the last paragraph? A．The binationoftwo marks will not work. B．It takes time for people to accept new punctuation marks． C．Old punctuation marks need to be standardized． D．Punctuation marks are still changing today． 閱讀理解。 閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind. First, you must ask yourself，“Where is the wind ing from? Is it ing from ahead or behind or from the side？” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail. Lets start with the wind blowing from behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90angle(角度)to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best. If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldnt flap(擺動(dòng))．It shouldnt look like a flag on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down. Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you cant go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat. 45. What should you consider first while sailing? A．Sailors strength. B．Wave levels. C．Wind directions. D．Size of sails. 46．What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The boat. B．The wind. C．The sail. D．The angle. 47．What do you have to do when sailing against the wind? A．Move in a straight line. B．Allow the sail to flap. C．Lower the sail. D．Tack the boat. 48．Where can you probably find the text? A．In a popular magazine. B．In a tourist guidebook. C．In a physics textbook. D．In an official report. 【要點(diǎn)綜述】本文主要介紹了航行中關(guān)于風(fēng)向的問題。首先要考慮風(fēng)向，然后再根據(jù)風(fēng)是從船的后面，側(cè)面還是前面來確定航行的方法。 45. C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句話 “And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.”和第二段的內(nèi)容，可知首先要考慮風(fēng)向的問題。A項(xiàng)是不需要考慮的，B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)沒有提及。 46. C　代詞指代題。結(jié)合第四段中“In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat.”中的the sail可知后面的it指的是“風(fēng)帆”。而不是“船”，“風(fēng)”或“角度”。 47. D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從最后一段的“You may want to go in that direction.…This is called tacking.”可知是逆風(fēng)航行的時(shí)候要不斷地改變方向，因此選D。 48. A　推理判斷題。本文主要涉及的是大眾的航行運(yùn)動(dòng)的知識(shí)，而不是有關(guān)旅游和物理方面的知識(shí)，也不是一個(gè)官方的報(bào)告，因此選A。 閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions(使命)often work very long days. Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the days work. This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station(ISS)．ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can municate with family and friends by email, Internet phone and through private video conferences. While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. Before a mission, the family and friends of each ISS crewmember put together a collection of family photos, messages, videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth. During their mission, the crew also receives care packages with CDs, books, magazines, photos and letters. And as from early xx, the Internet became available on the ISS, giving astronauts the chance to do some “web surfing(沖浪)” in their personal time. Besides relaxing with these more mon entertainments, astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space. Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out the window and stare at the universe and the Earth. Both the shuttle and the ISS circle the planet several times each day, and every moment offers a new view of the Earths vast land mass and oceans. 60．What does the word “mimic” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Find. B．Copy. C．Change. 　D．Lose. 61．Which of the following best describes the families of the astronauts on the ISS? A．They are caring and thoughtful. B．They are worried and upset. C．They are impatient and annoyed. D．They are excited and curious. 62．In the final paragraph, the author shows that astronauts ________. A．get more pleasure in space than on the Earth B．find living in space a bit boring and tiring C．regard space life as mon D．love to see the Earth from space 63．The passage mainly discusses how astronauts ________. A．work for longer missions in space B．connect with people on the Earth C．observe the Earth from space D．spend their free time in space 【要點(diǎn)綜述】本文是記敘文。宇航員的生活往往是與眾不同的，但是在國(guó)際空間站的工作人員的生活可以跟在地球上的生活很相似。他們可以與家人或者朋友聯(lián)系，也可以做一些日常的活動(dòng)。 60. B　詞義猜測(cè)題。聯(lián)系They work five days on and two days off我們知道，他們的生活與地球上是一樣的，因此答案為B。 61. A　推理判斷題。從第二段我們知道，在飛行前，這些航天員的家人以及朋友為他們準(zhǔn)備了照片、書籍等供他們消遣的東西，因此他們是很體貼和想法周全的。D有一定干擾性，文章沒有講述家人或者朋友對(duì)于這些宇航員工作的興奮與好奇，因此可以排除。 62. D　推理判斷題。從最后一段我們知道，這些宇航員喜歡從窗口看外面的世界，并且地球在不同時(shí)間提供了不同的畫面。 63. D　主旨大意題。全文講述了國(guó)際空間站的宇航員是如何度過工作之余的閑暇時(shí)間的。B、C有一定的干擾性。文章提到過宇航員與地面上的家人和朋友的聯(lián)系，也提到了他們透過窗子看地球上的景觀，但是這些都是細(xì)節(jié)，而不是主題。 閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to remend it, from the babys point of view. Mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth. It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a fourhourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. Ive never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks. Well, at last we have copperbottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ (智商) scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research es from Oxford and Essex University using a sample (樣本) of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s, taking account of parental education, family ine, a childs sex and age, the mothers health and feeding style. These results dont surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels. I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices. 31. According to Paragraph 2, one reason why a baby cries is that it feels ________. A．sick B．upset C．sleepy D．hungry 32. What does the author think about Dr King? A．He is strict. B．He is unkind. C．He has the wrong idea. D．He sets a timetable for mothers. 33. The word copperbottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to________. A．basic B．reliable C．surprising D．interesting 34. What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand? A．The baby will sleep well. B．The baby will have its brain harmed. C．The baby will have a low blood sugar level. D．The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8. 35. The author supports feeding the baby ________. A．in the night B．every four hours C．whenever it wants food D．a(chǎn)ccording to its blood sugar level 【要點(diǎn)綜述】這是一篇議論文。主要介紹了怎樣喂嬰兒，是根據(jù)嬰兒的需求還是按照時(shí)間表。根據(jù)調(diào)查研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，按照嬰兒的需求喂嬰兒要比按照時(shí)間規(guī)定喂嬰兒要好很多。 31. D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.看出嬰兒哭是因?yàn)轲I了。故選D。 32. C　作者觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)第三段I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn’t follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.看出作者認(rèn)為Dr Frederic Truby King的觀點(diǎn)是不正確的。故選C。 33. B　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)本段的…research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7 , 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ (智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.看出這個(gè)研究是非?？煽康?。basic“基礎(chǔ)的，基本的”；reliable“可依賴的，可靠的”；surprising“令人吃驚的”；interesting“有趣的”。故選B。 34. D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段By the age of 8, their IQ (智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.看出答案。故選D。 35. C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本文的第一句(I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly)就提出觀點(diǎn)，“反對(duì)定時(shí)喂嬰兒”，最后一句(I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices)希望結(jié)束嚴(yán)格按時(shí)喂養(yǎng)的習(xí)慣。既然是“不定時(shí)”，也就是按嬰兒需要喂養(yǎng)，故選C。