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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化類 閱讀理解練習(xí)（4） xx高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解--政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化類 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity — or extreme overweight — among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% — and is growing. 【小題1】 In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola? A．They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently. B．They squeeze eating between the other daily activities. C．They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyles. D．They usually eat too much canned and frozen food. 【小題2】This text is mainly about the relationship between _________. A．Americans and the French B．life style and obesity C．children and adults D．fast food and overweight 【小題3】This text is mainly developed _____________ A． by contrast B．by space C．by process D．by classification(分類) 【小題4】 Where does this text probably e from? A． A TV interview B． A food advertisement C．A health report D．A book review xx高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解--政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化類 Americans get some of their news and entertainment from public television and radio. These public media receive money to operate from private citizens, organizations and government. Many of their programs are educational. But most of the American media are run by businesses for profit. These privately owned media have changed greatly in recent years. Newspapers, magazines and traditional broadcast television organizations have lost some of their popularity. At the same time, online, cable and satellite media have increased in numbers and strength. So have media that serve racial groups and those municating in foreign languages. In general, more media than ever now provide Americans with news and entertainment. At the same time, fewer owners control them. Huge panies have many holdings(股份). In some areas, one pany controls much of the media. One dramatic change in American media is the increased success of cable television. It es into most homes over wires. It does not use the public airwaves to present programs, as broadcast television does. Like broadcast television, most cable television programs perform advertisements. This is true although people must pay to see cable television in their homes. Thirty years ago, few people had cable. Today, about sixty-eight percent of American homes have cable television. Television by satellite also is gaining popularity. Over the years, traditional broadcast organizations have tried to appeal to as many watchers as possible. Many cable panies, however, present programs for one special group of viewers. For example, there are cable stations for people who like books, cooking, travel, golf or edy. 【小題1】Which of the following is true about American public media? A．They depend on the government. B．They are controlled by the government C．They are free D．They can earn money. 【小題2】Which of the following properly shows the change in these privately owned media? A．Newspapers are getting more popular. B．Satellite media is getting more popular. C．Traditional media also serve racial groups. D．Some media make their programs in foreign languages 【小題3】From the second paragraph, we learn that. A．broadcast TV and cable TV programs include sales messages B．more media are out of control C．American media is dramatic D．cable TV is free 【小題4】What would be the best title for the text? A．American news and entertainment B．Public television and radio media C．media in the United States D．Cable programs in the United States 閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 An idea that started in Seattles public library has spread throughout America and beyond.The concept is simple：help to build a sense of munity in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time. In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all，the program allows strangers to municate by discussing the book on the bus，as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched(發(fā)起)the“If All of Seattle Read the Same Book”project in 1998.Her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities，and even to Hong Kong. In Chicago，the mayor (市長(zhǎng)) appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the “One Book，One Chicago”program.As a result，reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city.Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character. The only problem arose in New York，where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.This may show that the idea works best in mediumsized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity (一致) can be achieved.Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point，putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than into discussion about a book itself. Ultimately，as Nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book，but by how many people are enriched by the process，or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared_a_word. 西雅圖的一名圖書管理員建議大家在同一時(shí)間閱讀同一本書，并允許陌生人在公共場(chǎng)所對(duì)這本書進(jìn)行討論，這樣做既可以促進(jìn)陌生人之間的交流，又能培養(yǎng)公眾的社區(qū)意識(shí)。然而，在像紐約等一些大城市，由于人口背景復(fù)雜，很難選出一本具有代表性的書，或許這一想法在一些中等城市更容易實(shí)施。 12．What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy? A．To invite authors to guide readers. B．To encourage people to read and share. C．To involve people in munity service. D．To promote the friendship between cities. 答案：B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段“Her original program used author visits，study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book”．可以推知正確答案。 13．Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project? A．They had little interest in reading. B．They were too busy to read a book. C．They came from many different backgrounds. D．They lacked support from the local government. 答案：C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第一句話可知，紐約城市大，人口眾多且文化背景多樣化，因此人們很難選出一本有代表性的書。 14．According to the passage，where would the project be more easily carried out? A．In large munities with little sense of unity. B．In large cities where libraries are far from home. C．In mediumsized cities with a diverse population. D．In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached. 答案：D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第二句話可知，這一想法在中等城市或大的城鎮(zhèn)較容易實(shí)施，因?yàn)樵谀莾喝藗兒苋菀走_(dá)成一致。C項(xiàng)為人口多樣化的中等城市，與句意不符。 15．The underlined words“shared a word”in Paragraph 5 probably mean______. A．exchanged ideas with each other B．discussed the meaning of a word C．gained life experience D．used the same language 答案：A。詞義猜測(cè)題。由第二段內(nèi)容可知，該活動(dòng)的目的就是讓陌生人通過討論這本書而達(dá)到交流的目的，故A項(xiàng)正確。 16．According to Nancy，the degree of success of the project is judged by______. A．the careful selection of a proper book B．the growing popularity of the writers C．the number of people who benefit from reading D．the number of books that each person reads 答案：C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“...the level of success is not measured by how many peope read the book，but by how many people are enriched by the process...”可知C項(xiàng)正確。 閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical achievements. A newspaper reporter interviewed him why he was able to be so much more creative than the average person. What set him so far apart from others? He responded that it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he dropped the slippery bottle, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor—a real sea of milk! When his mother came into the kitchen，instead of shouting at him, giving him a lecture or punishing him, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up？” Indeed, the boy did. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. How would you like to do that? We could use a sponge(海綿)，a towel or a mop. Which do you prefer？” He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mother then said，“You know，what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Lets go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can find a way to carry it without dropping it. ”The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could make it. What a wonderful lesson! This famous scientist then said that it was at that moment that he knew he didnt need to be afraid to make mistakes. 當(dāng)記者采訪一位富有創(chuàng)造性的杰出科學(xué)家為什么他與眾不同時(shí)，這位科學(xué)家說這一切源于2歲時(shí)媽媽給他上的一課，從中我們可以意識(shí)到孩提時(shí)代的教育方法的重要性。 1．When the mother found the kitchen floor covered with milk, she ________. A. gave the boy a lecture instead of shouting at him B. praised the boy instead of punishing him C. felt satisfied with the boys trying to help himself D. calmed down the boy and helped him find a way to clean the floor 答案：D。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第三、四、五段的內(nèi)容可知，媽媽看到牛奶灑了一地后，首先安慰那個(gè)男孩讓他鎮(zhèn)定下來，然后幫助他找到清潔地板的方法并找到最終解決怎樣用一雙小手拿穩(wěn)瓶子的方法，故選D。 2．The childs experience resulted in the following BUT ________. A. offering the boy a chance to grasp the bottle B. benefiting the boy all his life C. helping the boy be more creative D. making the boy realize the mistake is of value 答案：A。推理判斷題。由第一段和第二段可知當(dāng)這位富有創(chuàng)造性的科學(xué)家被采訪到他為何富有創(chuàng)造性時(shí)，他說起兩歲時(shí)的一次經(jīng)歷可以推斷出這件事啟迪了他的創(chuàng)造性同時(shí)也使他終生受益可知B、C正確；由尾段可推知他通過這次經(jīng)歷意識(shí)到了錯(cuò)誤的價(jià)值，故只有A項(xiàng)不是那次經(jīng)歷導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，故答案選A。 3．According to the passage, the way the scientists mother used is ________. A. instructive B. strict C. formal D. strange 答案：A。推理判斷題。通讀文章可知媽媽的方法具有教育性、啟發(fā)性和指導(dǎo)意義。故選A。 4．The purpose of the passage is to show ________. A. a usual way to cultivate a child B. a scientists medical achievements C. a mothers wise way of helping her child D. the advantages of making mistakes 答案：C。推理判斷題。總覽文章可知作者的目的和意圖是展示媽媽幫助孩子的明智的方法，故選C。 閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A few months before I was born, my Dad met a stranger who was new to our small town. From the beginning, Dad was fascinated with this enchanting newer and soon invited him to live with our family. The stranger was quickly accepted and was around to wele me into the world a few months later. As I grew up, I never questioned his place in my family. In my young mind, he had a special position. My parents were plementary instructors：Mom taught me the words, and Dad taught me to obey them. But the stranger... He was our storyteller. He would keep us spellbound for hours on end with adventures, mysteries and edies. If I wanted to know anything about politics，history or science，he always knew the answers about the past, understood the present and even seemed able to predict the future! He made me laugh, and he made me cry. The stranger never stopped talking, but Dad didnt seem to mind. I now know that my early concepts about relationship were influenced strongly by the stranger. Time after time, he opposed the values of my parents, yet he was seldom blamed...and NEVER asked to leave. More than fifty years have passed since the stranger moved in with our family. He has blended right in and is not nearly as fascinating as he was at first. Still, if you were to walk into my parents room today, you would still find him sitting over in his corner, waiting for someone to listen to him talk and watch him draw his pictures. His name? We just call him...“TV”． He has a younger sister now. We call her“puter”． 作者以生動(dòng)形象的擬人手法描述了電視對(duì)自己的影響。 5．When the stranger came to live with our family, he was ________. A. ingnored by the children B. driven away for no reason C. abandoned because it was too noisy D. accepted by every family member 答案：D。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由首段尾句可知答案。 6．The stranger can do all the following things EXCEPT that he can ________. A. tell us some funny stories B. reject our proposals C. influence the childrens character D. predict the future 答案：B。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第3段內(nèi)容可知電視具有A、C、D項(xiàng)所說的功能，而不能“拒絕建議”，故按題意要求選B。 7．The underlined word“spellbound” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________. A. concentrated B. puzzled C. fascinated D. astonished 答案：C。詞義猜測(cè)題。由第2段尾句語(yǔ)境“數(shù)小時(shí)連續(xù)地看冒險(xiǎn)故事、神秘故事和喜劇”可知應(yīng)是“沉迷于，對(duì)……著迷的”，故答案為C。倒數(shù)第3段第2句中的fascinating也是暗示。本題易誤選A，但是如果注意一下后面的介詞就可排除，因?yàn)閏oncentrate和on搭配。 8．What can we learn from the last three paragraphs of the passage? A. The puter is more advanced and has gained greater popularity. B. Old as he is，we like the stranger best. C. The TV set is out of fashion and often breaks down. D. We decide to throw the TV set away immediately. 答案：A。推理判斷題。文章中提到電視伴隨我們五十年，而現(xiàn)在它有了一個(gè)年輕的妹妹那就是電腦，說明了產(chǎn)品已推陳出新，暗示了電腦更先進(jìn)更受人們青睞，故答案為A。