帶輪的注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)
帶輪的注塑模具設(shè)計(jì),注塑,模具設(shè)計(jì)
南京理工大學(xué)泰州科技學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書
系 部：
機(jī)械工程系
專 業(yè)：
機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化
學(xué) 生 姓 名：
學(xué) 號(hào)：
0701010349
設(shè)計(jì)(論文)題目：
帶輪注塑模設(shè)計(jì)
起 迄 日 期:
2011.2.25～2011.5.4
設(shè)計(jì)(論文)地點(diǎn):
南京理工大學(xué)泰州科技學(xué)院
指 導(dǎo) 教 師:
唐娟
專業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人:
發(fā)任務(wù)書日期: 2011 年 2 月 25 日
任務(wù)書填寫要求
1．畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書由指導(dǎo)教師根據(jù)各課題的具體情況填寫，經(jīng)學(xué)生所在專業(yè)的負(fù)責(zé)人審查、系部領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽字后生效。此任務(wù)書應(yīng)在第七學(xué)期結(jié)束前填好并發(fā)給學(xué)生；
2．任務(wù)書內(nèi)容必須用黑墨水筆工整書寫或按教務(wù)處統(tǒng)一設(shè)計(jì)的電子文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式（可從教務(wù)處網(wǎng)頁(yè)上下載）打印，不得隨便涂改或潦草書寫，禁止打印在其它紙上后剪貼；
3．任務(wù)書內(nèi)填寫的內(nèi)容，必須和學(xué)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）完成的情況相一致，若有變更，應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)過(guò)所在專業(yè)及系部主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)審批后方可重新填寫；
4．任務(wù)書內(nèi)有關(guān)“系部”、“專業(yè)”等名稱的填寫，應(yīng)寫中文全稱，不能寫數(shù)字代碼。學(xué)生的“學(xué)號(hào)”要寫全號(hào)；
5．任務(wù)書內(nèi)“主要參考文獻(xiàn)”的填寫，應(yīng)按照國(guó)標(biāo)GB 7714—2005《文后參考文獻(xiàn)著錄規(guī)則》的要求書寫，不能有隨意性；
6．有關(guān)年月日等日期的填寫，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照國(guó)標(biāo)GB/T 7408—2005《數(shù)據(jù)元和交換格式、信息交換、日期和時(shí)間表示法》規(guī)定的要求，一律用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字書寫。如“2008年3月15日”或“2008-03-15”。
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）任 務(wù) 書
1．本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題應(yīng)達(dá)到的目的：
通過(guò)大量閱讀了各種技術(shù)資料及手冊(cè)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的設(shè)計(jì)思想，鍛煉學(xué)生工程設(shè)計(jì)的一般程序和方法，鍛煉學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用知識(shí)的能力。在本次設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，學(xué)生不僅要認(rèn)真探討模具設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域的各種問(wèn)題，而且要對(duì)模具零件進(jìn)行全面的分析。因此，不僅加深了學(xué)生對(duì)專業(yè)所學(xué)知識(shí)的理解和認(rèn)識(shí)，而且也拓寬了知識(shí)面。此外，本次設(shè)計(jì)在繪圖過(guò)程中，使用了AUTOCAD、UG等繪圖軟件，進(jìn)一步提高繪圖能力。
2．本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題任務(wù)的內(nèi)容和要求（包括原始數(shù)據(jù)、技術(shù)要求、工作要求等）：
1、模具基本結(jié)構(gòu)
（1）模具的結(jié)構(gòu)和基本參數(shù)是否與注射機(jī)規(guī)格匹配。
（2）模具是否具有合模導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)，機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)是否合理；分型面選擇是否合理；澆注系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)是否合理；出脫模機(jī)構(gòu)與側(cè)向分型或抽芯機(jī)構(gòu)是否合理；等。
（3）外形尺寸能否保證安裝；緊固方式選擇是否合理可靠；安裝用的螺栓孔是否與注射動(dòng)、定模固定板上的螺孔位置一致；壓板槽附近的固定板上是否有緊固用的螺孔。
2、模具設(shè)計(jì)圖樣
（1）裝配圖。零部件的裝配關(guān)系是否明確，配合代號(hào)標(biāo)注得是否恰當(dāng)合理，零件標(biāo)注是否齊全，與明細(xì)表中的序號(hào)是否對(duì)應(yīng)，有關(guān)的必要說(shuō)明是否具有明確的標(biāo)記，整個(gè)模具的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度如何。
（2）模具零件圖。零件號(hào)、名稱、加工數(shù)量是否有確切的標(biāo)注，尺寸公差和形位公差標(biāo)注是否合理齊合；哪些零件具有超高精度要求，這種要求是否合理；各個(gè)零件的材料選擇是否恰當(dāng)，熱處理要求和表面粗糙度要求是否合理。
（3）零件圖。 通過(guò)UG軟件對(duì)零件進(jìn)行二維、三維造型，通過(guò)軟件生產(chǎn)零件的凸凹模零件圖。圖面表達(dá)的幾何圖形與技術(shù)內(nèi)容是否容易理解。
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）任 務(wù) 書
3．對(duì)本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題成果的要求〔包括畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文、圖表、實(shí)物樣品等〕：
學(xué)生完成畢業(yè)課題后，應(yīng)該遞交相關(guān)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)材料包括：
1、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書（1份）；
2、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)圖（裝配圖1張，零件圖若干）。
4．主要參考文獻(xiàn)：
1、塑料模具技術(shù)手冊(cè)/《塑料模具技術(shù)手冊(cè)》編委會(huì)編； ——北京； 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社出版；1997.6
2、 塑料制品成型及模具設(shè)計(jì)/ 葉久新、趙龍主編； ——長(zhǎng)沙； 湖南科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社；2004.7
3、塑料成型工藝及模具簡(jiǎn)明手冊(cè)/ 王孝培主編； ——北京； 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社；2000.6
4、實(shí)用模具技術(shù)手冊(cè)/ 陳錫棟、周小玉主編； ——北京； 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社； 2001.7
5、模具制造工藝學(xué)/ 甄瑞麟主編；楊善義、張永軍副主編；王哲明主審；——北京； 清華大學(xué)出版社；2005.1
6、聚合物材料/ 凌繩、王秀芬、吳友平編著；——北京； 中國(guó)輕工業(yè)出版社；2000.6（2004.7重?。?
7、注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)點(diǎn)評(píng)/ 王永平編著；——北京； 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社；2001.7
8、幾何量公差與檢測(cè)/ 甘永立主編；——5版、——上海；上海科用技術(shù)出版社；2001.4
9、畫法幾何及機(jī)械制圖/ 賀光誼、唐之清主編；——重慶；重慶大學(xué)出版社；
10、 朱凱.UG NX4基本功能與典型實(shí)例.北京:人民郵電出版社，2007
11、李開(kāi)林.UG NX4三維造型.北京:電子工業(yè)出版社，2007
12 、Ｕnigraphics Solutions Inc .UG高級(jí)銑加工應(yīng)用培訓(xùn)教程.北京:清華大學(xué)出版社，2003
13 、葉南海，崔向陽(yáng).UG自動(dòng)編程基礎(chǔ).北京：國(guó)防工業(yè)出版社，2006.8
14、汪旭東.UG NX4中文版自動(dòng)手冊(cè)——入門提高篇.北京:電子工業(yè)出版社，2007
15、羅和喜.UG NX4中文版數(shù)控加工專家實(shí)例精講.北京:中國(guó)青年出版社，2007
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）任 務(wù) 書
5．本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題工作進(jìn)度計(jì)劃：
起 迄 日 期
工 作 內(nèi) 容
2011.2.25～2011.3.11
2011.3.12～2011.3.18
2011.3.19～2011.3.25
2011.3.26～2011.4.8
2011.4.9～2011.4.15
2011.4.16～2011.4.22
2011.4.23～2011.5.3
2011.5.4
完成外文翻譯。
熟悉課題，調(diào)研，完成開(kāi)題報(bào)告。
“被加工零件圖”二維、三維各一張。
開(kāi)始模具設(shè)計(jì)，繪制模具裝配圖。
繪制模具裝配圖和零件圖
完成說(shuō)明書初稿。
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)定稿。
論文答辯。
所在專業(yè)審查意見(jiàn)：
負(fù)責(zé)人：
年 月 日
系部意見(jiàn)：
系部主任：
年 月 日
外文原文：
Modern fast economy manufacture mold technology
1 introduction
Along with the global economy development, the new technological revolution made the new progress and the breakthrough unceasingly, the technical leap development already becomes the important attribute which the impetus world economics grew. The market economy unceasing development, urges the industry product more and more to the multi- varieties, high grade, the low cost direction to develop, in order to maintain and strengthens the product in market competitive power, product development cycle, production cycle more and more short, thereupon to makes each kind of product the essential craft equipment mold request to be more and more harsh.
On the one hand the enterprise for the pursue scale benefit, causes the mold to turn towards high speed, is precise, the long life direction develops; On the other hand enterprise in order to satisfy the multi- varieties,, the product renewal quickly, wins the market the need, requests the mold to turn towards the manufacture cycle to be short, the cost low fast economy direction develops. The computer, the laser, electronic, the new material, the new technical development, causes the fast economical pattern making technology even more powerful, the application scope expands unceasingly, the type increases unceasingly, the creation economic efficiency and the social efficiency are more and more remarkable.
2 fast economical pattern makings technologies type
The fast economical pattern making technology and the traditional machine-finishing compares, has the pattern making cycle short, the cost is low, the precision and the life can satisfy in the production the operation requirements, is synthesizes an economic efficiency quite remarkable kind to make the mold the technology, summarizes below, has several types to leave.
2.1 fast prototypes manufactures technology
The fast prototype manufacture technology is called RPM, is one kind of new manufacture technology which the 80's later period develops. US, Japan, England, Israel, Germany, China have all promoted own commercialization product, and has formed the new industry gradually.
RPM is the computer, the laser, the optical scanning, the advanced new material, the computer-aided design (CAD), the computer assistance processing (CAM), the numerical control (CNC) synthesizes the application the high technology and new technology. In takes shape in the concept take the plane separate, piles up as the instruction, in the control take the computer and the numerical control as the foundation, take biggest flexibility as general goals. It has abandoned the traditional machine-finishing method, to the manufacturing industry transformation is a significant breakthrough, uses the RPM technology to be possible directly or indirectly the fast pattern making, this technology already by profession widespread application and so on automobile, aviation, electrical appliances, ships, medical service, mold. Under summarized already commercialization several kind of models fast to take shape at present the craft.
2.1.1 lasers three-dimensional photoetching technology (SLA)
The SLA technology hands over the computer CAD modelling system to obtain the product the three-dimensional model, through the microcomputer control laser, according to the determination path, is carrying on to the liquid state photosensitive resin by the level scanning, causes layer upon layer to solidify by the scanned sector, is united as one body, forms the final three dimensional entity, after again passes through the related finally hardening to polish and so on place the quantity, forms the workpiece or the mold.
The laser three-dimensional photoetching technology main characteristic is may take shape wilfully the complex shape, takes shape the precision high, simulation strong, material use factor high, performance reliable, the performance price quite is high. Suits the product outlook to appraise, the function experiment, fast makes the electrode and each kind of fast economical mold. But this technology uses equipment and photosensitive resin price expensive, causes its cost to be high.
2.1.2 pack of levels outlines manufacture technology (LOM)
The LOM technology is through the computer three-dimensional model, the use laser selectively to its lamination slice, will obtain each section outline layer upon layer will cake, finally will fold the addition three dimensional entity product.
Its craft characteristic is takes shape the speed quickly, takes shape the material small advantage, the cost lowly, because does not have changes, therefore does not have the thermal load, the contraction, the inflation, the warp and so on, therefore the shape is stable with an inch precision, after but takes shape the waste material block to strip takes time, specially the duplicate miscellaneous items interior waste material strips. This craft is suitable for the aviation, the automobile and so on and center the volume big workpiece manufacture.
2.1.3 lasers powder electoral district agglutinates takes shape the technology (SLS)
The SLS technology is the computer three-dimensional model through the lamination software its lamination, under the computer control, causes the laser beam basis lamination the slice section information to the powder by the level scanning, scans to the powder agglutinates the solidification (polymerization, agglutinates, caking, chemical reaction and so on), layer upon layer superimposes, piles up the three dimensional entity workpiece. This technical most major characteristic is can at the same time use several kind of different materials (the polycarbonate, the polyethylene chloride, the paraffin wax, the nylon, ABS,
The casting granulated substance) makes components.
2.1.4 fuses the deposition to take shape the technology (FDM)
The FDM technology is may squeeze out by the computer control fuses the condition material the spray nozzle, determines the geometry information according to the CAD product model lamination software, squeezes out half flow regime the heat to model the material deposition to solidify the precise actual workpiece thin layer, from bottow to top layer upon layer piles up a three dimensional entity, may make the mold or the product directly.
2.1.5 three dimensional printing take shape the technology (3D-P)
The 3D-P technology controls with the microcomputer to spurt the ink printing head continuously, the basis lamination software selectively deposits the liquid cementing material by the level on the powder level, finally piles up a three dimensional entity by the smooth printing two-dimensionalleve Justs like does not use the laser the fast pattern making technology. This technical main application takes shape in advance in the cermet compound materials porous ceramics on, its goal is produces the mold or ??? the manufacture directly by the CAD product model.
2.2 surfaces take shape the pattern making technology
The surface takes shape the pattern making technology, mainly is the use spurts spreads, the electrolytic casting, chemistry corrosion and so on the new technique formation cavity surface and the fine pattern one kind of craft technology, in the practical application including following several kind of types.
2.2.1 electric arcs spurt spread take shape the pattern making technology
The electric arc spurts spreads takes shape the technical principle is: Has the electric arc quantity of heat using between 2 circular telegrams tinsel to melt the tinsel, depends upon the compressed gas its full atomization, and gives the certain kinetic energy, high speed sprays in the type mold surface, layer upon layer mounts, forms a metal shell, namely the cavity internal surface, uses to fill the substrate material again (generally for metal silt and resin compound materials) performs to support the reinforcement, enhances its intensity and the rigidity, combines the mold together with the metal pattern frame. This kind of pattern making technology craft simple, cost low, manufacture cycle extremely short, the cavity surface takes shape only needs for several hours, saves the energy and the metal material, general cavity surface 2-3mm is only thick, simulation greatly strengthened, the pattern precision may achieve 0.5 mu m.
At present this technology widely uses in superficial shape and so on airplane, automobile mold, electrical appliances, furniture, shoemaking, fine arts handicraft is complex and the pattern fine each kind of polyurethane product blow molding, attracts models, the PVC injection, PU becomes spongy and each kind of injection takes shape in the mold.
2.2.2 electrolytic castings take shape the technology
The electrolytic casting takes shape the technical principle to be same with the galvanization, is according to model the mold (ready-made product or female mold which makes according to product blueprint) is the datum (negative pole), places in the electrolytic casting fluid (anode), causes in the electrolytic casting fluid the metallic ion to return to original state a latter place deposition on the type mold, forms the metal shell, after strips it, contacts the surface with the type mold namely for the mold the cavity internal surface.
This technical main characteristic is saves material, the mold manufacture cycle short, electrolytic casting level degree of hardness may reach 40HRC, enhanced the resistance to wear and the life, roughness, the size precision is completely consistent with the type mold, is suitable for the injection, attracts models, the blow molding, keeps out models, mold cavity and the electric spark and so on bakelite mold, glass mold, compression casting mold takes shape the electrode manufacture.
2.2.3 cavities surfaces fine pattern takes shape etching technology
The etching technology is optics, chemistry, the machining synthesis application one kind of technology, its basic principle is makes first the pattern design the film, then in has spread the film on pattern design duplication the photosensitive material on the mold cavity surface, process chemistry processing, the mold cavity surface does not form by the etching partial protectors, then acts according to the mold material quality, the choice corresponding etching craft, pattern design etching in mold internal surface.
This technical main characteristic is the time short, the expense is low, patching damages the pattern design to be possible to achieve flawlessly.
2.3 sprinkle to cast into the type system mold technique
Sprinkling to cast into technical and common characteristics of the type system mold is according to the kind piece for basis, sprinkle a convex and cave mold, a surface do not need the machine to process.Make physically to mainly have following several categories type in the mold.
2.3.1 tin metal alloy system mold technique
The tin metal alloy makes the mold technique quickly is a basis through the kind piece, with total metal alloy of ( the orders 138 ℃s, the bulge rate is thousand times it three) of the Bi- Sn( tin of ) two dollars for material, have the precise foundry of method at the same time a convex mold, cave mold, press a kind of technique of the side turn.Should the technical characteristics is to make the mold cost low, the metal alloy is re-usable, the manufacturing period is short, the size accuracy is high, the shape, size and the kind pieces agree with completely, a mold for casting life span can amount to 500-3000, very in keeping with new product development, craft verification, the sample manufacture on a trial basis and win small batch quantity peace.
2.3.2 zinc metal alloy system mold technique
This is a kind of to take the kind piece( or the kind mold) as the basis, with the order for 380 ℃s or so zinc metal alloys for material, sprinkle to note the convex and cave mold respectively, a surface does not carry on one kind system mold technique that the machine process in principle.The technique's characteristics is to make the mold cost low, the period is short, being applicable to create the lamella large pull to stretch the mold and hurtle to cut the mold and plastics molds.
2.3.3 resin compounds model the molding tool technique
This is a kind of to take the kind mold( or the craft model) as the basis, taking resin or its compound materials as the fluid material, sprinkling the convex( cave) mold of outpouring first, again the convex( cave) mold of basis sticks up the wax slice( the cleft layer), sprinkling to note the convex( cave) mold.A surface that that technique model does not need the machine to process.The that technique and CAD/ CAMs combine together, the characteristics is the molding tool size accuracy high, the manufacturing period is short, the cost is low, is the new product manufacture on a trial basis, the small batch quantity produces the craft material of new path.Be applicable to the creation large overlay the piece to pull to stretch the mold( also can the part inset the steel), vacuum to absorb the and gather the ammonia ester hair bubble to model the mold, porcelain and ceramics mold and imitate the type to depend the mold and cast mold etc..
2.3.4 rubbers of system mold technique
That technique take making a prototype or models as the basis, making into soft rubber of system piece, then depend the high pressure dint and models to fit together completely.
2.4 extrusions takes shape the technology
2.4.1 cold extrusions takes shape
Using the berylliuim copper alloy good thermal conductivity and the stability, after the solid melt aging treatment of metal, use the swaging pressure to make the mold concave model cavity. Its characteristic is makes the cycle short, the cavity precision is high (the IT7 level), surface roughness Ra=0.025 mu m, The intensity is high, the life may reach 500,000 times, does not have the environmental pollution.
2.4.2 ultra models takes shape the pattern making technology
This technology is using the metal material in the thin crystal grain, certainly takes shape the temperature, under the low distortion speed condition, when the material has the best superplasticity, toes attend to carry out raised mold which the initiative finishes, then may extrude the concave mold with the small strength one kind of fast economical pattern making technology. Ultra models takes shape material typical representative is Zn-22%AL.
2.5 does not have the mold multi- spots forming technology
Does not have the mold multi- spots fast forming technology is by CAD/CAM/CAT The technology is the main method about, may adjust the base main body group highly using the computer control to form forms the surface, replaces the traditional mold to carry on the three dimensional curved surface forming to the sheet an modern advanced manufacture technology. This technology may change the distortion way and the stressful condition at will, enhances the material the formed limit, may form repeatedly, by this elimination material interior remaining stress, the realization does not have the snapping back forming
2.6 triumphant Uygur bright steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology
The new steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology is one kind is different with has raised, the concave mold structure steel belt mold generally, it is with specially makes the new fast economical pattern making technology by the single edge steel belt which the backing strip is composed. This kind of mold weight is light, only then 200kg, the processing precision for ±0.35-0.50mm, may suit each kind of black and the non-ferrous metal 0.5-0.65mm thick sheet processing generally. The life may achieve 5-25 ten thousand, the production cost is low.
2.7 molds semifinished materials fast manufacture technology solid casting
Because the massive molds are belong to the single unit or the production, the mold semifinished materials manufacture quality and the cycle and the cost to the final mold quality and cyclical and the cost influence are very important.
The modern mold semifinished materials widely have used the seeds casting technology, the so-called solid casting is (polystyrene PS either polymethacrylate PMMA) manufactures using the foam plastics replaces traditional the wooden mold or the metal pattern, after the modelling does not have to take out the model, then may the casting, under the foam plastics model high temperature liquid metal function, deflagrate the gasification but to vanish, the molten metal substitution original foam plastics model holds the position, after the condensation forms the casting. The solid casting has the following several kind of situations in the practical application.
2.7.1 dry sands solid casting
Namely all does not do any cementing agent quartz sand modelling with 55-100 goal, spreads with EPS or the PMMA foam plastics manufacture model hangs the 0.2-1mm thick permeability good fireproof coating level, by enhances the casting superficially attractive fineness, prevented the fat sand or collapses the box.
2.7.2 negative compactions casting
The negative compaction casting calls V law modelling. This technology is the use all does but does not have the cementing agent the quartz sand to make the molding sand, makes the model with EPS or the PMMA foam plastics, in under the plastic film seal condition, entire lets cast (vacuum degree 0.4-0.67MPa) carries on the liquid metal casting under the negative pressure condition, after the casting coagulates relieves the negative pressure then to obtain the superficial bright and clean casting.
2.7.3 resins granulated substance solid casting
Makes the molding sand using the resin granulated substance, makes the model with EPS or the PMMA foam plastics, under the normal temperature, the atmospheric pressure carries on the liquid metal casting but to make takes the casting. uses the solid casting the technical manufacture mold semifinished materials to have the size precision high (the ISO9 level), processing remainder small (generally about 5mm), does not need to pull out the mold ascent, does not need the making core and the sand core brace, saves the metal material, economical makes the wooden model the lumber, the manufacture cycle short, the cost is low. This technology suits large-scale, is complex, the single unit mold semifinished materials production. the ceramics fine cast, lose the cerotin to cast and so on the technology are increasing the mold semifinished materials precision, reduce the processing man-hour, reduce the manufacture cycle, reduce aspect and so on cost also demonstrate its unique superiority.
2.8 other aspects technologies
in order to simplify the mold the structural design, reduces the mold cost, reduces the mold manufacture cycle, in domestic and foreign also successively appeared some other aspects new technology application, like trades the mold frame, the ramming unit, the cutting edge built-up welding quickly, inlays the block casting, the nitrogen spring and so on.
2.8.1 nitrogen springs on mold application
The nitrogen spring is one kind of new elastic function part, replaces the spring, the rubber, the polyurethane or the air cushion with it side, it can accurately provide presses the strength, then may have the greatly initial ball pressure in the small space, does not need pre- tightly, is basically hit the pressure basically in the mold entire work process to be constant. The ball pressure size and the working point position may, accurate, conveniently adjust as necessary, simplifies the mold to stretch, nearby the pressure, ex-denning isostructuralism,
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