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2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) Unit3 The puter the information age grammar教案(1) 冀教版必修3
一?？偸觯?為了便于講解，我將英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)，分為現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在時(shí)包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，姑且把將來(lái)時(shí)也歸入此類。過(guò)去時(shí)包括，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng)是指現(xiàn)在時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過(guò)去時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)過(guò)去時(shí)。當(dāng)然，特殊語(yǔ)境需要特別分析。
二。時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng)主要包括以下的典型用法。
1。下列情況下，如果主句是將來(lái)時(shí)《用will/shall/can/must/》或者主句是祈使句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
1》在 if /unless/ even if/ 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中.如：
You will be punished unless you go though with the work.
I wont attend the party even if I am invited.
2》在when/before/until
/as soon as/the moment/ once/引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。如：
Ill let you know the moment I get timely information.
Once you realize your mistake, youll regret for what youve done.
3》在 no matter what/no matter who/no matter when/no matter where/no matter how/no matter which/或者 whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however/whichever 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中。如：
Ill believe whatever you have said.
However difficult the problem is ,well overe it .
Wherever you go,Ill follow you.
We can help whoever gets in trouble.
2。在 祈使句+and/or+句子 的模式中，and/or 后的句子常用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。如：
Put on the coat,or youll catch a cold
Work hard,and youll make rapid progress.
3。注意used to/would 區(qū)別。他們都表示過(guò)去常常。但would 常和時(shí)間連用，而used to 不可以。如：
When I was a boy, I would swim every day.<不用used to>
4.be about to do 如果用在簡(jiǎn)單句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如果用在復(fù)合句中，常和when 引導(dǎo)的過(guò)去時(shí)的從句連用。如：
I am about to leave
when i was about to fall asleep when someone knocked the door.
但要注意be about to do 不和具體的時(shí)間連用。我們不可以說(shuō)，We are about to leave this afternoon ,應(yīng)說(shuō)，we are about to leave或者說(shuō)，we will be leaving this afternoon.
5.語(yǔ)境中的過(guò)去時(shí)常表示“剛剛，剛才”之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不是這樣..如：
Sorry,I didnt know you were here .
6.表示愿望，打算一類的詞，如hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want 等，其過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。如：
----Why havent you attended the party?
---I had meat to,but I was busy.
7.在 It/This be the first/second/---time+that 句中。如果be 為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，that后的句子一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如果 be為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，that后的句子為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：
This is the first time that I have met the famous scientist.
This is the first time that he gets involved in the tournament.
8.在 It be +段時(shí)間 +since 從句中，如果be 表現(xiàn)為 is或has been 形式，since 從句用過(guò)去時(shí)，如果be 表現(xiàn)為was 或 had been,從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：
It is 3 years since he has taught in this university.
9.在...hardly...when/...no sooner...than...結(jié)構(gòu)中，hardly/no sooner 所在的主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，when/than所在的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。而且，如果 hardly/no sooner 放在句首，主句部分要部分到裝，從句結(jié)構(gòu)不變。如：I had hardly recognized him when he turned up.
Hardly had I recognized him when he turned up.
No sooner had the train left than I got to the railway station.
10. 在“主句+before+從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果主句和從句中動(dòng)詞先后順序明顯，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如果主句和從句的動(dòng)作先后順序不明顯，主從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如，
The film had been on for 30 minutes before I got there .
He hurriedly went out before I said a word.
11.在" it be+段時(shí)間+before從句"中，如果從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句中的 動(dòng)詞用will be形式。如果從句中的動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞用 was的形式。如：
It will not be some time before he graduates.
It was 3 years before he graduated.
12.在“will/shall be doing"結(jié)構(gòu)中《將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)》，其后往往跟上具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間。如：
The plane will be flying over the Pacific this time tomorrow morning.
13.在“by + 時(shí)間”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果時(shí)間是過(guò)去時(shí)間，主句中的行為動(dòng)詞常為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，但如果句中的動(dòng)詞是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞be ,仍然用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如果時(shí)間是將來(lái)時(shí)間，主句中的行為動(dòng)詞用將來(lái)完成時(shí)，同樣，如果句中的動(dòng)詞是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞be,仍然用將來(lái)時(shí)。如：
By the end of last year,they had pleted the task.
By last month,he was 10 years old.
By he joined the army,he had served us as a cook for 5 years.
By next month,we will have learned Lesson 21.
14.在“主語(yǔ)+介詞+主語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句中的動(dòng)詞要以第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這類介詞有with/together with/as well as/等。如：
The teacher together with the students is going to Hongkong tomorrow.
The dog ,as well as ten sheep is going to be shipped to Qingdao .
15.在 neither...nor.../either...or.../there be...等結(jié)構(gòu)中，采用“就近原則”。如：
Were neither you nor he there when the accident happened ?
Neither you nor he was there when the accident happened.
There is a pen and ten books on the desk.
There are ten books and one pen on the desk.
16.注意一般過(guò)去時(shí) 和 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別。一般過(guò)去時(shí)可以指過(guò)去動(dòng)作的完成，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)僅表示動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行。如：
---Has he finished the book?
---Ive no idea, but he_____ it last week.
A.wrote B.was writing
學(xué)生很容易選A。從 Ive no idea仔細(xì)分析，可以知道本句的動(dòng)作是進(jìn)行，而不是完成。所以B是正確的。
2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) Unit3 The computer the ination age grammar教案(1) 冀教版必修3.doc
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