凸輪軸零件的數(shù)控加工工藝設(shè)計(jì)及數(shù)控編程【含CAD圖紙全套】

【溫馨提示】 dwg后綴的文件為CAD圖，可編輯，無(wú)水印，高清圖，壓縮包內(nèi)文檔可直接點(diǎn)開預(yù)覽，需要原稿請(qǐng)自助充值下載，請(qǐng)見壓縮包內(nèi)的文件，所見才能所得，下載可得到【資源目錄】下的所有文件哦-有疑問可咨詢QQ:1304139763 或 414951605 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)中期報(bào)告題目: 凸輪軸零件的數(shù)控加工工藝設(shè)計(jì)及數(shù)控編程系 別 機(jī)電信息系 專 業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 班 級(jí) 姓 名 學(xué) 號(hào) 導(dǎo) 師 2013年3月12日1. 設(shè)計(jì)（論文）進(jìn)展?fàn)顩r 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)工作已馬上到了中期，我對(duì)自己的課題有了一定深度的認(rèn)識(shí)。在初期，我已經(jīng)完成了原理圖的設(shè)計(jì)及開題報(bào)告的相關(guān)工作。在假期的時(shí)間里，我又下載了有關(guān)于凸輪軸以及數(shù)控加工方面的外文數(shù)據(jù)，以及對(duì)其進(jìn)行了翻譯。并且我從開學(xué)到現(xiàn)在的這幾個(gè)星期里對(duì)自己的凸輪軸進(jìn)行了工藝分析，夾具設(shè)計(jì)以及工藝卡片的制作。1.1生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng) 生產(chǎn)類型生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)的大小對(duì)生產(chǎn)組織和零件加工工藝過(guò)程起著重要的作用，它決定了各工序所需專業(yè)化和自動(dòng)化的程度，以及所應(yīng)選用的工藝方法和工藝裝備。零件生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)可按下式計(jì)算： N=Qn(1+a%+b%)由此公式可以算的凸輪軸的年生產(chǎn)量為10萬(wàn)件，根據(jù)生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)和生產(chǎn)類型的關(guān)系可以確定其生產(chǎn)類型是大批量生產(chǎn)。表1生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)與生產(chǎn)類型的關(guān)系11生產(chǎn)類型零件的年生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)（件）重型零件中型零件輕型零件單件生產(chǎn)小批生產(chǎn)中批生產(chǎn)大批生產(chǎn)大量生產(chǎn)5510010030030010001000101020020050050050005000100100500500500050050000500001.2材料的選擇凸輪軸材料的選擇：由于軸的載荷通常是變載荷，或變應(yīng)力，故材料應(yīng)具有較好的強(qiáng)度和韌性；對(duì)軸的表面與支承有相對(duì)滑動(dòng)的軸，還須要求較好的耐磨性。材料 常用材料與熱處理：凸輪軸常用材料是20Cr，20Cr的熱處理及主要機(jī)構(gòu)性能（參考）如表110表2 20Cr主要機(jī)構(gòu)性能材料牌號(hào)熱處理毛坯直徑mm硬 度HBS抗拉強(qiáng)度極限b (Mpa)彎曲疲勞極限-1(Mpa)扭轉(zhuǎn)疲勞極限-1/Mpa屈服極限s/Mpa20Cr滲碳淬火回火153060表面HRC50608506506505504004003752802802151601601.3熱處理分析軸類零件的熱處理是保證軸類零件性能的重要工藝過(guò)程，它對(duì)軸類零件的如下性能有著直接的影響：61）軸類零件的制造精度：組織轉(zhuǎn)變不均勻、不徹底及熱處理后形成的殘余應(yīng)力過(guò)大軸在熱處理后的加工、裝配和使用過(guò)程中的變形，從而降低軸的精度，甚至報(bào)廢。2）軸類零件的強(qiáng)度：熱處理工藝制定不當(dāng)、熱處理操作不規(guī)范或熱處理設(shè)備狀態(tài)不完好，造成被處理軸的強(qiáng)度（硬度）達(dá)不到設(shè)計(jì)要求。3）軸的工作壽命：熱處理造成的組織結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、晶粒度超標(biāo)等，導(dǎo)致主要性能如軸的韌性、抗磨損性能等下降，影響軸的工作壽命。4）軸的制造成本：作為軸制造過(guò)程的中間環(huán)節(jié)或最終工序，熱處理造成的開裂、變形超差及性能超差，大多數(shù)情況下會(huì)使軸報(bào)廢，即使通過(guò)修補(bǔ)可以使用，也會(huì)增加工時(shí)，從而增加了軸的成本。凸輪軸材料是20Cr，對(duì)強(qiáng)度和韌性要求比較高，而表面易磨損需滲碳。滲碳的目的就是增加軸的耐磨性能、表面硬度、抗拉強(qiáng)度及疲勞極限。滲碳以后首先要進(jìn)行淬火，用來(lái)提高其硬度和強(qiáng)度極限。但淬火時(shí)會(huì)引起內(nèi)應(yīng)力使之變脆，所以淬火以后必須要回火，回火的目的就是用來(lái)消除淬火后的脆性和內(nèi)應(yīng)力，提高其塑性和沖擊韌度。但是對(duì)于凸輪軸來(lái)說(shuō)，半成品熱處理以前還有一道重要的工序，就是要對(duì)第一和第二個(gè)凸輪之間的外圓；第五和第六個(gè)凸輪之間的外圓用兩頂?shù)难b加方式進(jìn)行粗磨。這樣做是因?yàn)檩S類零件熱處理以后會(huì)產(chǎn)生變形，既保證其同軸度。以便在熱處理以后以這兩個(gè)外圓為基準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行校核。1.4 夾具的設(shè)計(jì)磨床夾具按其通用化的程度和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，可以分為通用夾具、專用夾具、組合夾具和成組可調(diào)夾具等等。凸輪軸加工時(shí)采用的是傳動(dòng)夾頭，屬于組合夾具類型。組合夾具是在夾具零部件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種新型工藝裝備。它是由一套預(yù)先制造好的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)元件組裝而成的。這些元件有各種不同的形狀、不同規(guī)格的尺寸，它們相互配合部分的尺寸精度高、硬度高、耐磨性好，且具有完全的互換性。根據(jù)加工工藝的要求，可通過(guò)選擇和使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)元件和組合元件，很快裝配出機(jī)械加工、檢驗(yàn)、裝配等所需的夾具來(lái)。使用完畢，可方便地拆卸、清洗、存放、留待以后再使用。組合夾具的特點(diǎn)：1、靈活多變；2、保證加工質(zhì)量、提高生產(chǎn)效率；3、節(jié)省人力和物力；4、減少夾具存放面積。組合夾具的元件按其用途不同可以分為八大類，即：基礎(chǔ)元件、支承元件、定位元件、導(dǎo)向元件、壓緊元件、緊固元件、輔助元件及合件。其中，緊固元件包括各種螺栓、螺釘、螺母和墊圈等這些緊固元件均為常用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件。圖1圖1 夾具圖傳動(dòng)夾頭由非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件手柄、定位銷、定位板、彈簧、螺母、壓蓋、定位螺釘、傳動(dòng)板和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件圓柱銷、螺釘組合而成。 圖2 傳動(dòng)板傳動(dòng)板是整個(gè)夾具的夾具體，也是夾具的關(guān)鍵部位（如圖2），它上面有一個(gè)錐度孔，用來(lái)裝夾凸輪軸的錐形端面。錐度孔和錐度面有自鎖，在磨削時(shí)對(duì)凸輪軸進(jìn)行夾緊，限制其自由度。 圖3定位板定位板是通過(guò)定位螺桿固定在傳動(dòng)板上，它的作用是用來(lái)放置定位銷（如圖3）所示。 圖 4手柄手柄是用來(lái)裝定位銷的，以便于定位銷在使用時(shí)方便。如圖4所示圖5定位銷定位銷是在加工時(shí)對(duì)凸輪軸進(jìn)行定位，裝夾時(shí)定位銷應(yīng)放在凸輪軸裝夾端的鍵槽內(nèi)，限制凸輪軸的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)和移動(dòng)的自由度。如圖5所示1.5 擬定工藝路線清洗熱處理鉆中心孔車螺紋外圓磨（中間軸頸，軸間軸頸，錐面）凸輪磨（凸輪以及偏心輪）輔助加工清洗去毛刺檢驗(yàn)入1.6磨削加工1.6.1外圓磨削1、機(jī)床選定：選用最常見的有MB1320外圓磨床和MK1620端面外圓磨床2、夾緊方案：利用螺母和兩頂尖進(jìn)行夾緊3、刀 具：外圓磨砂輪4、切削用量的選擇：切削用量選擇的順序是先確定背吃刀量ap,再確定進(jìn)給量f，最后確定切削速度uc。背吃刀量ap應(yīng)選擇盡量大的背吃刀量，盡量在一次走刀中，把本工序加工應(yīng)切除的加工余量切除掉。在粗加工時(shí)，當(dāng)加工余量過(guò)大或工藝系統(tǒng)剛性較差時(shí)，也可分兩次走刀。在這一道工序中采用一次進(jìn)刀： ap（2/33/4）A（2/33/4）0.99式中 A單邊余量，mm進(jìn)給量f定義：工件或刀具每轉(zhuǎn)一周時(shí)，刀具與工件在進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)方向上的相對(duì)位移量。進(jìn)給量的選擇與背吃刀量也有關(guān)，在已選定背吃刀量為0.99的前提下，查有關(guān)手冊(cè)，選擇進(jìn)給量為：0.8mm/r切削速度ucUcD n粗/1000式中 D刀具直徑 n加工時(shí)的速度查有關(guān)手冊(cè)，取加工時(shí)的主軸轉(zhuǎn)速為400r/mm。所以， UcD n粗/1000 1.98400/1000 74.1mm/r1.6.2凸輪磨削1、機(jī)床選定：常選用的機(jī)床有MXBS8312A凸輪磨床和CF41數(shù)控凸輪磨床2、夾緊方案：專用夾具和機(jī)床兩頂尖3、刀 具：凸輪磨專用砂輪4、削用量的選擇：切削用量選擇的順序是先確定背吃刀量ap,再確定進(jìn)給量f，最后確定切削速度uc。背吃刀量ap應(yīng)選擇盡量大的背吃刀量，盡量在一次走刀中，把本工序加工應(yīng)切除的加工余量切除掉。在粗加工時(shí)，當(dāng)加工余量過(guò)大或工藝系統(tǒng)剛性較差時(shí)，也可分兩次走刀。在這一道工序中采用一次進(jìn)刀：ap（2/33/4）A（2/33/4）*（0.350.4）0.230.33式中 A單邊余量mm進(jìn)給量f定義：工件或刀具每轉(zhuǎn)一周時(shí)，刀具與工件在進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)方向上的相對(duì)位移量。切削速度uc UcD n粗/1000式中 D刀具直徑 n加工時(shí)的速度查有關(guān)手冊(cè)，取加工時(shí)的主軸轉(zhuǎn)速為3000r/mm。所以， UcD n粗/1000 1.983000/1000 18651600mm/r2. 存在的問題及解決措施本課題主要研究的是凸輪軸零件的數(shù)控加工，主要難點(diǎn)就在于對(duì)凸輪軸的上的凸輪的定位進(jìn)行加工，刀具的選擇等。還有就是自己的數(shù)控模擬仿真技術(shù)軟件的運(yùn)用還不太熟練。解決措施：認(rèn)真下功夫進(jìn)行軟件的學(xué)習(xí)并進(jìn)行多次的模擬實(shí)踐，和老師進(jìn)行溝通，自己查閱書籍對(duì)凸輪軸進(jìn)行更深一步的了解，借鑒別人經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行對(duì)自己的凸輪軸加工方案的修改。3. 后期工作安排（1）9 -12周：完成工藝規(guī)程方案設(shè)計(jì)以及其他的零件圖繪制（2）13-14周：撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 （3）15 周： 準(zhǔn)備論文答辯 指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 年 月 日- 7 -畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯系 別： 機(jī)電信息系 專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 班 級(jí)： 姓 名： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 外文出處： Modern Machine Shop 附 件： 1. 原文； 2. 譯文 2013年3月附件一：原文Digital system in the horizontal grinder application of the status quo and developmentRaymond Cooper，AmericanModern industrial production ,small and large parts for the production of products of the increasing proportion of parts complexity and precision requirements rapidy increase , the traditional general machine tools has become increasingly difficult to met the requirements of modern production ,and a high-precision CNC machine tools ,high-efficiency ,the use of a manchine can complete comple type face processing characteristics ,in particular the rapid development of computer technology and the widespread use of digital systems ,digital devices from almost all major software functions to achieve ,almost to a hardware ,thereby making it more flexible processing ,functional stronger. Manufacturing competition from lower labour costs early, product cost and improve their overall efficiency and qualitiy of competition ,to meet customer demands comprehensive ,actively develop new products competitive ,will face knowledgetechnicalupdated products has become shorter and shorter, an increasing number of small products, and the quality ,performance requirements are higher ,Meanwhile community to environmental protection ,the growing awareness of green manufacturing .therefore advanced manufacturing technology will be quickly won the competition and survival of the enterprise ,the principal means of development .Computer information technology and manufacturing automation tas an important foundation for digital machine in the production of machine tools to share more. First digital Ping finds the status quo and digital systems primaril . First, digital ping finds the status quo and digital systems primarily . Horizontal grinder compared to the lathe ,milling machine ,using digital systems later ,the special requirements because of its digital sustems .In the past decade ,with the technical facility ,grinder ,the grinding wheel for repair ,automatic compensation ,automatic exchange grinding wheel ,and more workstations ,such as automatic transmission and Zhuangjia working inoperable realized,and digital technology in the horizontal grinder ,gradually spread .In recent Hanover ,Tokyo ,Chicago ,and other large domestic machine tool exhibition ,CNC grinder throughout the grinder ,for the majority of the exhibits ,such as Germany Blohm company ELB conpanies such famous grinder factories no longer proudce ordinary grinder Japanese Forces ,Japan ,the company also Hing bulk production facility-wide functional ping himself .in the development of high-grade digital ping himself while actively developing ,low digital ping himself. German production company a few years ago ELB brilliant series two Coordinates facility shaped grinder ,the vertical and horizontal axis for digital ,vertical for hydraulic control ,grinding wheel repair work platform installed in a roller diamonds ,the application of brodader ;SUPER-BRILLIANT series is one-dimensional and shaped grinder Snzuobiao facility ,the beds are manufactured using natural granite ,high geometric accuracy ,slide away from straight rolling guide ,driving without recoiling machinery ,thus ensuring a better working surface smoothness ; BRILIANT-FUTURE series of improvements to the above two products ,using artificial granite bed was produced by static pressure vertical guide ,Chixing belt transmission ,vertical and horizontal guide for pre reinforced straight rolling guide , Gunzhusigang transmission ,three-axis CNC control AC servo electrical ,measuring 0.5m 16ug image .ELB company has also developed the latest Technology grinder contemporary products ,and integration with computer and technology-based series of soft skills CAM-MASTER processing modules CAD-MASTER series and COMPACT-MASTER series grinding processing center ,a maximum of up to 24 axis control axis ,As the full implementation of modular.Design and anufacture of dedicated grinder cycle shortened ELB company has also developed a variety of highly efficient dedicated grinder ,such as SFVG100/2 dedicated grinder ,which will tilt Motou ,continuous improvements, toease into ,processing center . British and Amrrican companies JONES&SHIPMAN A-B company developed A-B8600 digital systems for igital FORMAT5 type ping himself form the facility hydraulic control valves ,driven vertical movement can be governor, to the use of horizontal and Motou into Gunzhusigang deputy ,Electrical DC servo driven, intermittent style grinding wheel repair ,CRT graphics simulation showed .Also be used with other types of digital systems to meet different user requirements. Currently ,the semiconductor master degrees continual incrase in the newly introduced system in the appearance of smaller ,more compact strccture functions increased distance ommuications ,remote diagnosis ,multiple plane networking etc ;Interface to the Window operating system to increase the mouse .remote operation of vehicles .Fanuc major company this year launched 18,16I,20I,21Isystem Siemens is 840D,810D,802D are tight structure type system .There are a number of manufacturers such as : Taiwan Precision CNC controls on the use of the window operating system of NC ,and NT immediate multi-processing core ,single-section procedures for processing speed 2000 pieces /s,single-section pre-1000 time to deal with a few pieces ,with Aart (pre adaptation technologies) and the parameters of the best learing function would follow error convergence to zero ,the software process sing path filter tore duce maching process gener ate dby theac leration changes excessive me chanica lreson ance ,thereby improving surface roughness ; with the use of servo flexible ,with+, -10v analogy servo interface It also provides international standards SERCOS digital servo commu ication sinter face design Tixing tu PLC procedures ,structure expressions, functional pieces ,instructions code ,flowcharts , five grammar.Facilitate design ,communication and maintenance; long-range communications with the computer, instant remote maintenance functions; control can be extended to a maximum axle and spindle axis 64. I/O points which can be expanded to 792/528 point, the introduction of Pentium processors, high-speed Plc processing speed to 25K.Apart from the world famous Siemens, Fanuc digital systems, such as professional development and production of the plant has been applied to many horizontal or shaped grinding system, a number of production plants Ping finds itself actively developed application in the digital grinder system. Notably: Siemens SINUMERIK 840D of the system, the system has more than 20 roots servo axis, the coordinates for the trip control, manual data entry or imported through external computer, remote diagnosis may reduce the grinding wheel diameter change itinerary, grinding wheel repair of automatic compensation Gunzhusigang gap error compensation, Siemens 3G system is specifically for grinding and processing development, for both dialogue with the presentation devices operate in axis tilt, can also be straight and arc widely in grinding, recurring operational cycle, such as the main axis swing, and use external signal interruption implementation procedures, grinding wheel cut, grinding wheel repair, and other special functions for the preparation of a fixed cycle procedures. Not only can use its external measurement devices (switches signal), but when connected to a suitable time to first measurement and control devices directly to the ultimate size comparison.American companies ALLEY-BRANDLY production 8400CNC digital series apply lathe, milling machine and grinder, 8400CNC up to 6 roots servo axis control, the Section 2 axle may drain, the three axis may helix spaced, six axle straight drain. 8600CNC series of coordinates to control 17, including eight in the drain axle, eight spaces control axle and one allegation that a graphic shown that the expansion of branch procedures that processing time, high-speed access procedures, cutlery life monitoring.Japanese companies developed FANUC OG high-speed high performance digital system, which 0-GSG applicable to horizontal grinder ,the grinding parts under different shapes ,four different methods of grinding ,a grinding wheel axle angle cycle of grinding wheel flow position after finishing compensation function .Compared to repair vehicles were repaired round noemal line direction control functional grinding wheel shape graphics and grinding parameters show that the functional ,system smallest unit set 0.116ugm, a “tight ” type digital systems, lower prices .There are also companies such as Germany and University jointly developed by ELB UNICON system . Japanese big cove ironworker OSP5000G-G,OSP30-NF such as self development and shaped grinding digital print system ,the maximum control OSP5000G-G nine coordinates ,which can be linked six coordinates a 12-inch hall ,intractive programming, automatic identification of cutting factor used dikrttes imported ,into automated systems .the smallest pulse equivalent ,the mobile equivalent and testing equivalent 16ug are 0.1 m ,Ping himself also used simultaneously by the entire loop detectors.Although there is the ping himself factory using digital Zhujichang system ,but self development of software ,use it more suitable for horizontal and shaped grinding ,such as German company Siemens SINUMERIK 810 Jung based ,the company specialized software used by Jung Kontur programming language for a shaped grinding wheel repair, and graphics supporting operational functions. Japan sincerely companies in Fanuc digital systems hardware companies ,the OPL development language for grinding processing ,and so on .The liner electrical ,balance ,technology ,the growing due process,and greatlt enhance the efficacy of achine tools ,the application of appropriate measurement techniques for the development.附件二：譯文數(shù)控系統(tǒng)在平面磨床上應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)雷蒙德庫(kù)珀 美國(guó)現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，中、小批量零件的生產(chǎn)占產(chǎn)品數(shù)量的比例越來(lái)越高，零件的復(fù)雜性和精度要求迅速提高，傳統(tǒng)的普通機(jī)床已經(jīng)越來(lái)越難以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)的要求，而數(shù)控機(jī)床具有高精度、高效率、一機(jī)多用，可以完成復(fù)雜型面加工過(guò)程的特點(diǎn)，特別是計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展并廣泛應(yīng)用于數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中，數(shù)控裝置的主要功能幾乎全有軟件來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，硬件幾乎能通用，從而使其更具加工柔性，功能更加強(qiáng)大。 制造業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)已從早期降低勞動(dòng)力成本、產(chǎn)品成本，提高企業(yè)整體效率和質(zhì)量的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，發(fā)展到全面滿足顧客要求，積極開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，將面臨知識(shí)技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的更新周期越來(lái)越短，產(chǎn)品批量越來(lái)越小，而對(duì)質(zhì)量、性能的要求更高，同時(shí)社會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)、綠色制造的意識(shí)不斷加強(qiáng)。因此敏捷先進(jìn)的制造技術(shù)將成為企業(yè)贏得競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和生存、發(fā)展的主要手段。計(jì)算機(jī)信息技術(shù)和制造自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的結(jié)合越來(lái)越緊密，作為自動(dòng)化柔性生產(chǎn)重要基礎(chǔ)的數(shù)控機(jī)床在生產(chǎn)機(jī)床中所占比例將越來(lái)越多。數(shù)控平磨現(xiàn)狀及主要數(shù)控系統(tǒng) 平面磨床相對(duì)于機(jī)床、銑床等采用數(shù)控系統(tǒng)較晚，因?yàn)樗麑?duì)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的特殊要求。近 十幾年來(lái)，借助CNC技術(shù)，磨床上砂輪的連續(xù)休整，自動(dòng)補(bǔ)償，自動(dòng)交換砂輪，多工作臺(tái)，自動(dòng)傳送和裝夾工件等操作工程得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，數(shù)控技術(shù)在平面磨床上的逐步普及。在今年漢諾威、東京、芝加哥、及國(guó)內(nèi)等大型機(jī)床展覽會(huì)上，CNC磨床在整個(gè)磨床展品已占大多數(shù)，如德國(guó)BLOHM公司，ELB公司等著名磨床制造廠已經(jīng)不再生產(chǎn)普通磨床，日本的岡本，日興等公司也成批生產(chǎn)全功能CNC平磨，在開發(fā)高檔數(shù)控平磨的同時(shí)，積極發(fā)漢中、低檔數(shù)控平磨。 前幾年德國(guó)ELB公司生產(chǎn)的BRILLIANT系列二坐標(biāo)CNC成型磨床，其垂直和橫向?yàn)閿?shù)控軸，縱向?yàn)橐簤嚎刂?，砂輪修整采用安裝在工作臺(tái)上的金剛石滾輪，適用范圍較廣；SUPER-BRILLIANT系列是三坐標(biāo)CNC平面和成型磨床，床身用天然花崗巖制成，幾何精度較高，導(dǎo)軌用直線滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌，機(jī)械驅(qū)動(dòng)無(wú)反沖，從而保證工件有較好的表面光潔度；BRILLIANT-FUTURE為以上二個(gè)系列的改進(jìn)產(chǎn)品，床身用人造花崗巖制成，縱向用靜壓導(dǎo)軌，齒形帶傳動(dòng)，垂直和橫向都貴為預(yù)加荷直線滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌，滾珠絲杠傳動(dòng)，三軸CNC控制AC伺服電機(jī)，0.5um的測(cè)量分辨率。同時(shí)ELB公司開發(fā)了具有當(dāng)代最新技術(shù)的磨床產(chǎn)品，即以機(jī)電一體化和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的CAM-MASTER系列柔性加工單元，CAD-MASTER系列和COMPACT-MASTER系列磨削加工中心，控制軸最多可達(dá)24軸，另外由于全面推行模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，使專用磨床制造周期縮短，ELB公司還開發(fā)了多種高效專用磨床，如SFVGA100/2專用磨床，具有可傾斜磨頭，連續(xù)休整，緩進(jìn)給，斜切入磨削功能，用十一根CNC控制軸，如同一臺(tái)磨加工中心。英國(guó)JONES&SHIPMAN公司與美國(guó)A-B公司開發(fā)了A-B8600數(shù)控系統(tǒng)用于FORMAT5型數(shù)控平磨，由CNC控制液壓閥，驅(qū)動(dòng)縱向可調(diào)速運(yùn)動(dòng)，橫向與磨頭進(jìn)給用滾珠絲杠副，直流伺服電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，間斷式砂輪修整，CRT圖形模擬顯示。同時(shí)還可以配用其他型號(hào)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，以滿足不同用戶的需求。 目前，隨著半導(dǎo)體集成度的不斷提高，新推出的系統(tǒng)在外形上越來(lái)越小，結(jié)構(gòu)上越來(lái)越緊湊，功能上增加了遠(yuǎn)程通訊，遠(yuǎn)程診斷，多機(jī)聯(lián)網(wǎng)等等；操作界面向WINDOWS系統(tǒng)靠近，增加鼠標(biāo)，遙控器等操作件，F(xiàn)ANUC公司今年主要推出18I,16I,.20I，21I系統(tǒng)，SIEMENS是840D、810D、803D均為結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊型系統(tǒng)。還有一些廠商如：臺(tái)灣精密機(jī)械研究發(fā)展中心開發(fā)的PA800NT系列CNC控制器，就使用了WINDOWS NC操作系統(tǒng)，和NT及時(shí)多工處理核心，單節(jié)程序處理速度達(dá)2000塊/秒，單節(jié)預(yù)讀處理數(shù)可達(dá)1000塊，具有AART（預(yù)適應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)技術(shù)）及參數(shù)最佳化學(xué)習(xí)功能，可使跟隨誤差趨近于零，軟件加工路徑濾波器可降低切削過(guò)程中，因加速度變化過(guò)大所產(chǎn)生的機(jī)械共振，從而改善表面粗超度；配用伺服靈活，具備+，- 10V類比伺服界面，同時(shí)提供國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的SERCOS數(shù)字伺服通訊界面；PLC程序設(shè)計(jì)有梯形圖，結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)句、功能塊、指令碼、流程圖等五種語(yǔ)法，便于設(shè)計(jì)、溝通和維護(hù)；具有計(jì)算機(jī)遠(yuǎn)程通訊，即時(shí)遠(yuǎn)程維護(hù)功能；控制軸和主軸最多可擴(kuò)展到64軸，I/O可擴(kuò)展到792/528點(diǎn)，采用奔騰處理器，高度PLC處理速度達(dá)到25K。 世界上除有名的SIEMENS、FAUNC等數(shù)控系統(tǒng)專業(yè)廠已經(jīng)開發(fā)生產(chǎn)了許多使用于平面或成型磨削的系統(tǒng)外，一些平磨生產(chǎn)廠本身也積極開發(fā)了適用于其磨床的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。主要有： 西門子公司的SINUMERIK840D系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)具有二十多根伺服軸，坐標(biāo)連續(xù)行程控制，手動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)輸入或通過(guò)外部計(jì)算機(jī)輸入，遠(yuǎn)程診斷，可隨砂輪直徑減小而變化行程，砂輪修整量自動(dòng)補(bǔ)償，滾珠絲杠間隙誤差補(bǔ)償?shù)取?西門子3G系統(tǒng)更是轉(zhuǎn)為磨削加工而開發(fā)的，裝有用來(lái)人機(jī)對(duì)話的操作提示裝置，在軸線傾斜時(shí)，也可進(jìn)行直線和圓弧插補(bǔ)，在磨削中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的運(yùn)行循環(huán)，如主軸擺動(dòng)，用外部信號(hào)中斷執(zhí)行程序，砂輪切入，砂輪修整等專用準(zhǔn)備功能，編制固定循環(huán)程序。其不僅能使用外部測(cè)量裝置（開關(guān)信號(hào)），還能當(dāng)鏈接上一個(gè)適合的測(cè)量頭時(shí)能直接去控制裝置與最終尺寸進(jìn)行比較。 美國(guó)ALLEY-BRANDLY公司生產(chǎn)的8400CNC、8600CNC數(shù)控系列，適用于車床、銑床和磨床，其8400CNC最多可控制六根伺服軸，任2軸可進(jìn)行圓弧插補(bǔ)，任3軸可進(jìn)行螺旋線插補(bǔ)，8個(gè)位控制軸及1個(gè)主軸，具有圖形顯示，擴(kuò)展分支程序，顯示加工時(shí)間，高速程序校驗(yàn)，刀具壽命監(jiān)測(cè)等功能。 日本FANUC公司開發(fā)了OG高速高性能數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，其中O-GSG適用于平面磨床，可根據(jù)磨削零件不同形狀，有四種不同的磨削方法，具有砂輪軸角度傾斜控制功能，荒磨、粗磨、精磨、無(wú)火花磨削一整套磨削循環(huán)，砂輪滾壓修正后位置補(bǔ)償功能，修整器相對(duì)于被修整輪法線方向控制功能，修整滾輪外緣圓弧半徑補(bǔ)償功能，砂輪形狀圖形顯示功能及磨削參數(shù)顯示燈，系統(tǒng)最小設(shè)定單位0.1um ，屬“緊湊”型數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，價(jià)格較低。 另外還有如德國(guó)ELB公司與大學(xué)聯(lián)合研制的UNICON系統(tǒng)。日本大隈鐵工所OSP5000G-G最多可控制9個(gè)坐標(biāo)，其中6個(gè)坐標(biāo)可聯(lián)動(dòng)，帶12英寸彩顯，人機(jī)對(duì)話編程，自動(dòng)確定切削系數(shù)，可采用軟鍵盤輸入，納入FMS系統(tǒng)，最小脈沖當(dāng)量、移動(dòng)當(dāng)量和檢測(cè)當(dāng)量均為0.1um，平磨上還采用了感應(yīng)同步器全閉環(huán)方式。 還有的平磨制造廠雖然采用數(shù)控主機(jī)廠的系統(tǒng)，但自行開發(fā)軟件，使用之更適合平面和成型磨削，如德國(guó)JUNG公司以西門子SINUMERIK810為基礎(chǔ)，采用該公司專用軟件，用JUNG KONTUR編程語(yǔ)言對(duì)砂輪進(jìn)行成型修整，并有圖形輔助操作功能。日本岡本公司在FANUC公司數(shù)控系統(tǒng)硬件上，開發(fā)了OPL語(yǔ)言用于磨削加工，等等。當(dāng)今直線電機(jī)、動(dòng)平衡技術(shù)、工藝的日益發(fā)展應(yīng)有，又大大提高了機(jī)床的工效，適宜的測(cè)量技術(shù)應(yīng)用對(duì)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)利用，增強(qiáng)機(jī)床的電器自動(dòng)化控制功能如虎添翼。12