2019-2020年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 3-4 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 新人教版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 3-4 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 新人教版 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Strenuous exercise can often do more________(有害)than good. 2．Opportunities________(存在)in our pany for experienced engineers. 3．What he said________(使困惑)me. 4．There was a shortage of________(氧氣)at the top of the mountain. 5．The________(氛圍)over dinner was warm and friendly. 6．Water was f________to the development of life. 7．This kind of plant m________very quickly in warm weather. 8．The social s________needs to be improved. 9．If you are right, my m________will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely. 10．V________crime is only one of the maladies affecting modern society. 答案：1.harm　2.exist　3.puzzled　4.oxygen　5.atmosphere 6．fundamental　7.multiplies　8.system　9.mass　10.Violent Ⅱ.完成句子 1．既然已做完了作業(yè)，你可以去玩會足球休息一下。 ________ ________youve finished your homework, you can go and play football to have a rest. 2．沒有什么可以阻止我愛她。 Nothing on earth can________me________loving her. 3．努力干好你的工作，你一定會成功的。 Do your best in your career, and youll succeed________ ____ ____. 4．甲型流感今年在全球多個國家爆發(fā)。 H1N1 flu________ ________in many countries all over the world this year. 5．給瑪麗打個電話，她需要鼓勵。 Give Mary a call; she needs________ ________. 答案：1.Now that　2.prevent; from　3.in time　4.broke out　5.cheering up Ⅲ.單項填空 1．Noticing some broken toys______on the floor, I picked them up and________them on the chair, so I wasnt________. A．lay; lay; lying　　　　　 B．lying; lay; lying C．laid; laid; laying D．lying; laid; lying 答案：D　本題考查易混詞lie, lay的用法辨析。句意：看到地上有一些弄壞的玩具，我把它們撿起來，放在椅子上，因此我一直沒有躺著(睡覺)。第一空用lie(躺)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補語；第二空為lay(放下)的過去式laid，與picked并列作謂語；第三空用lie的現(xiàn)在分詞，與be一起構(gòu)成過去進行時。 2．The girl looked at me with a______expression. Maybe the problem was quite______. A．puzzled; puzzling B．puzzling; puzzled C．puzzled; puzzled D．puzzling; puzzling 答案：A　本題考查puzzle的用法。句意：這個女孩滿臉迷惑地看著我。也許那個問題很讓人迷惑。puzzled“迷惑的”，可修飾人，也可修飾expression, look等；puzzling“令人迷惑的，讓人費解的”，常用來說明事物。 3．They managed to________the old buildings to widen the street and beautify the city. A．break down B．pull down C．put down D．burn down 答案：B　本題考查動詞短語辨析。句意：為了加寬街道、美化城市，他們已設(shè)法拆除了那些舊樓。pull down“拆毀，推翻”，符合語境。break down“分解，中止”；put down“放下，鎮(zhèn)壓”；burn down“燒光，燒成平地”，均不符合句意。 4．—Im thinking of tomorrows maths test. Im afraid I cant pass it. —________. Im sure youll make it. A．No problem B．Good luck C．Give up D．Cheer up 答案：D　本題考查交際用語。從上句可知，說話人“擔(dān)心明天數(shù)學(xué)考試不及格”；而從答語人的“Im sure youll make it.(我相信你會成功的)”可推測，是在鼓勵對方，故用cheer up“振作起來，高興起來”。no problem“沒問題”；good luck“祝你好運”；give up“放棄”，都不符合語境。 5．I cant help________the cleaning________Im busy making some dumplings now. A．doing; because B．to do; now that C．doing; since D．to do; therefore 答案：B　本題考查非謂語動詞及連詞的用法。本題很容易誤選A，誤認為是cant help后就跟動名詞。句意：我不能幫助大掃除，因為我現(xiàn)在正忙著包餃子。從Im busy making some dumplings now來看，此處help應(yīng)為“幫助”，cant help(to)do sth. 表示“不能幫助做某事”；now that意為“既然”，表示原因。 6．The study shows that the________scenes in movies and TV are harmful________children. A．cheerful; for B．violent; to C．disappointing; for D．touching; for 答案：B　本題考查形容詞辨析及介詞用法。violent“暴力的”，violent scenes“暴力場景”；be harmful to...意為“對……有害”。 7．Some policemen were sent there to________the villagers________the trees. A．keep; cutting down B．prevent; cutting down C．prevent; to cut up D．stop; to cut up 答案：B　prevent/stop...(from)doing sth.表示“阻止……做某事”，不能說prevent/stop...to do sth.。keep...from doing sth. 也有“阻止……做某事”的意思，但from不能省略。 8．Fortunately, I was just________to catch the last bus to the hotel. A．a(chǎn)t times B．a(chǎn)bout C．in time D．too late 答案：C　句意：很幸運，我及時趕上了去賓館的最后一班車。in time“及時”，作表語。at times“有時”；be about to do表示“就要做……”；too late“太晚了”，均與題意不符。 9．—What did she want to know, Tom? —She wondered________we could plete the experiment. A．when was it B．it was when that C．when was it D．when it was that 答案：D　本題考查從句的語序及強調(diào)句。wonder后跟連接副詞when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，用陳述句語序；該從句使用了強調(diào)句式。 10．________！ Dont get too close to the building of which walls are being painted. A．Get along B．e on C．Watch out D．Set off 答案：C　考查短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)心！不要太靠近那座建筑物，它的墻正在被刷漆。watch out在這里用來提醒別人注意。get along “進展，相處”；e on“加油”；set off“動身，出發(fā)”。 11．The doctor had almost lost hope at one point but the patient finally________. A．pulled through B．pulled over C．pulled up D．pulled out 答案：A　pull through“康復(fù)，痊愈”，符合語境。pull over“把車開到路邊，靠岸”；pull up“停車；停止”；pull out“駛出，退出”。 12．Early in April, this year some experts indicated that H1N1 would________this winter. A．break down B．break out C．break up D．break off 答案：B　句意：今年四月，一些專家預(yù)測甲流會在今冬爆發(fā)。break out“發(fā)生”；break down“(機器等)壞了，(談判等)失敗，分解”；break up“解散，分裂，解體，打碎”；break off“折斷”。 13．The young dancers look so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took________pictures of them. A．many of B．masses of C．the number of D．a(chǎn) large amount of 答案：B　句中的them指上文的young dancers；若用many of指“照片中的許多”，不合題意，應(yīng)該用many；masses of“大量的”，可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞；the number of指“……的數(shù)目”；a large amount of“大量的”，只接不可數(shù)名詞。 14．The new bridge is________the one built last year. A．three times as wider as B．three times the width of C．three times the width D．a(chǎn)s three times as 答案：B　考查倍數(shù)表達法。A項wider應(yīng)改為wide；C項width后應(yīng)加of。 15．Sometimes he found________very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor. A．him B．this C．that D．it 答案：D　句意：他發(fā)現(xiàn)晚上有時候很難入睡，于是他就去看醫(yī)生了。it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是to fall asleep at night。其他選項都不能作形式賓語。 Ⅳ.閱讀理解 (xx江西) Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked. Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因構(gòu)成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible. Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be pletely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects. Exploration also allows minerals and other potential(潛在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spinoffs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in munications systems. Even nonstick pans and mirrored sunglasses are byproducts(副產(chǎn)品) of technological developments in the space industry! While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human beings to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist. While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. 文章大意：本文是一篇議論文，向我們闡述了人類進行太空探索的原因。人類的基因構(gòu)成決定了人類探索其他領(lǐng)域包括太空的能力。人類探索太空可能暫時沒有多大用處，但是在將來這可能會幫助人類生存下去。 1．Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph 1? A．To express his doubts. B．To pare different ideas. C．To introduce points for discussion. D．To describe the conditions on Earth. 答案：C　推理判斷題。作者在第一段提出問題目的是引出下面要討論的話題。 2．What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph 2? A．Humans are natureborn to do so. B．Humans have the tendency to fight. C．Humans may find new sources of food. D．Humans dont like to stay in the same place. 答案：A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句可知人類探索太空的原因是其基因的構(gòu)成。 3．The underlined word “spinoffs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to ________. A．survival chances B．potential resources C．unexpected benefits D．physical possessions 答案：C　詞義猜測題。后面所說的“improvements in earthquake prediction，in satellites for weather forecasting and in munications systems”可知此處的劃線短語意為“益處，好處”。 4．What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets? A．Our genetic makeup. B．Resources on the earth. C．The adaptive ability of humans. D．Byproducts in space exploration. 答案：C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句話可知，人類的適應(yīng)能力會讓人類在其他星球生存下去。 5．Which of the statements can best sum up the passage? A．Space exploration has created many wonders. B．Space exploration provides the best value for money. C．Space exploration can benefit science and technology. D．Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth. 答案：D　主旨大意題。A、B兩項可以容易地排除。全文主要講的是太空探索對幫助人類生存的益處，而不是對科技的益處。 B If your cellphone suddenly stops working, dont blame the service provider. The malfunction(故障) might have been caused by something bigger—a solar storm. Experts expect that the earth will see more solar activities in the near future. The malfunction of electronic devices is just one of the effects. Sunspots(太陽黑子) serve as an indicator of the suns activity. For the past two years, sunspots have mostly been missing. Their absence, the longest in nearly 100 years, has taken even sun watchers by surprise. When the number of sunspots drops at the end of each 11year cycle, solar storms die down and all bee much calmer. This “solar minimum” doesnt last long. Within a year, sunspots and solar storms begin to build toward a new crescendo,_the next solar maximum. Whats special about this latest cycle is that the sun is having trouble starting the next solar cycle. The sun began to calm down in late xx, so no one expected many sunspots in xx. They should return in xx. Scientists have predicted that the next solar cycle could be the most active on record: more sunspots and more solar storms. However, sunspots are mostly missing now. Since the earth is in close contact with the sun, strong solar activities can bring trouble to our life. People of the 21 st century rely on hightech systems for the basics of daily life. Air travel and radio munications can be affected by strong solar activities. A big solar storm could cause 20 times more economic damage than Hurricane Katrina. What the sun will do next is beyond our ability to predict. Most astronomers think that the solar cycle will go on but at low level. However, there is also evidence that the sun is losing its ability to produce sunspots. By xx, they could be gone altogether. 文章大意：如果你的手機不能正常工作了，請不要把責(zé)任推向服務(wù)提供商。這樣的故障也許是太陽黑子引起的。 6．The sun watchers feel surprised at________. A. the longest sunspots absence B. the largest sunspot number C. the malfunction of electronic devices D. the serious damage by sunspots 答案：A　細節(jié)理解題。從文章第二段可知太陽黑子長時間的消失讓太陽觀測者很吃驚。 7．What does the underlined word “crescendo” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. small number B. high level C. usual cycle D. fresh start 答案：B　詞義猜測題。從畫線詞前面的solar minimum和其后的the next solar maximum可知太陽黑子和太陽風(fēng)暴會在一年內(nèi)形成新高潮，故答案為B。 8．We can infer that in the past two years________. A. solar activities have brought much trouble to our life B. the number of sunspots has increased to a large extent C. the solar minimum took the place of the solar maximum D．our cellphones have seldom been interrupted by the solar storm 答案：D　邏輯推理題。從第一段可知手機故障可能是由太陽風(fēng)暴引起的，再結(jié)合第二段For the past two years, sunspots have mostly been missing.可推知D項正確。 9．Which statement does the text lead you to believe? A. Solar activities do no harm to our daily life. B. Hurricane Katrina is also a type of solar storms. C. Its difficult to predict sunspots. D. From now on therere no sunspots. 答案：C　推理判斷題。從最后一段可推知太陽黑子是不好預(yù)測的，故C項正確。