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1、高考英語中的 “并列平行結(jié)構(gòu) ”及應(yīng)試策略
一、 平行結(jié)構(gòu)：由并列連詞連接兩個或兩個以上對等的語言成分構(gòu)成。
二、并列連詞及詞組 (平衡連接詞 )：連接多個平行的詞、短語、分句或者從句。
1.
單一式： and, or ,but
2.
短語式： as well as, rather than ,other than, instead of
3.
相 關(guān) 式 ： both...and,between...and,
not
only
...but also, from...to,from...until,either...o
2、r,
neither...nor,the same as, such as,
as...
as,
not...
but
對連接詞連接的成分 要求：形式對稱；
功能相同（充當(dāng)同樣的句子成分） 。
并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是名詞和名詞，副詞和副詞，分詞和分詞，不定式和不定式，動詞和動詞，句子和句子等的并列，而不能其中一個概念用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)，而另一個概念用不定式或從句來表達(dá)。
比如下面兩個句子就違反了平行結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)則：
Do some nice things for your parents that they dont expect like coo
3、king, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean the floors.
三、平行結(jié)構(gòu)主要類型
1. 名詞和名詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)The patients symptoms were fever, dizziness, and headache.
2. 形容詞和形容詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
3. 副詞和副詞平行結(jié)構(gòu) The work is handsomely and skillfully
4、done.
4. 分詞平行結(jié)構(gòu) (現(xiàn)在分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞/ 過去分詞與過去分詞 )
The boys were running, shouting and laughing.
The old man returned home, disappointed and exhausted.
5.
動名詞 doing 平行結(jié)構(gòu) Henrys work is reading books and writing book reviews.
6.
動詞不定式平行結(jié)構(gòu)
On the other hand, 40% think that fees shou
5、ld be charged because you need moneyto pay gardeners and
other workers, and to buy plants and young trees.
7. 介詞短語平行結(jié)構(gòu)
1） Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test, but also on how you participate in
class.
2） We often go to the countryside as well as
6、to factories.
8. 謂語動詞平行結(jié)構(gòu) 謂語形式時態(tài)要一致
He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter.
Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not used in warfare until two hundred years later.
9. 排列位置的平行
1
主 not only
謂 but also 謂 對
Not only 主謂（倒）， 主 +a
7、lso+謂
Not only
主謂（倒裝）， but also 謂
錯
Not only
主謂（倒）
but 主謂
10. 句子的并列（并列句）
I was tired, but I felt happy.
四、在高考中的體現(xiàn)及解題思路
解題思路：當(dāng)并列連詞連接兩項或多項對等成分時，這些被連接的成分必須是同一詞性、同一形式。
特別要注意出現(xiàn)三項以上 (含三項 )的并列成分。
在短文改錯中的體現(xiàn)：違反平行結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)則是高考短文改錯慣用的出題手段之一。
1． I was often a little tired after a day
8、
’ s work and watch TV demands． very(1999little全國effort卷短文改錯 )
2.However my father had to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon.
（ 2011 全國 )
3． However,we seldom felt lonely or helplessly
．(2004 年天津卷短文改錯）
在單選中的體現(xiàn)：
1.The house belongs to my aunt but she
9、＿＿ here any more． (2006 年全國卷 )
A ． hash’t lived
B ． didn ’t live
C． hadn’t lived
D． doesn’t live
2. The old couple married for 40 years and never once ____with each other. (2003 全國卷 )
A. they had quarreled.
B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled
D. had they quarreled
10、
3. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later. （ 1994 ）
A. arriving
B. to arrive
C. having arrived
D. and arrived 不規(guī)則動詞
4.
website 網(wǎng)站 of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting(
湖南卷 )
A. Having searched
B. To search
C. Searc
11、hing
D. Search
5. It is worth considering what makes
“ convenience ” foods so popular, and _________ better ones of your own
A. introduces
B. to introduce
C. introducing
D. introduced
6． One learns a language by making mistakes and＿＿＿ them．
A ． correct
B． correcting
C．
12、corrects
D ． to correct
7.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _____ at the end of last March.
A. has been launched
B. having been launched
C. being launched
D. to be launched
The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _____ for t
13、he day. (
重慶卷
A. finishing
B. finished
C. had finished
D. were finished
9. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ________ some bananas and visited her cousin.
A. bought
B. buying
C. to buy
D. buy
10. He wrote a lot of novels, none of which _________ into a foreig
14、n language.
A. translating
B. translated
C. were translated
D. had translated
●用并列平行思維改正以下句子。
The school bus skidded, turned sideways, then comes to a stop.
The mechanic explained the problem, method, and the tools that he was going to use.
I meant to give it ba
15、ck to you before four in the afternoon ， and I was hold up on my way back.
●用并列平行思維寫出單詞正確形式。
The baby in the next room
(睡醒 ) and began to cry.(2010 全國 2)
He
（按下） the button and the doorbell rang.(2009 全國 2)
平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)
2
1.
He paid more attention to what he
16、 ate than________.
A. what he wore
B. that he wore
C. that which he wore
D. to what he wore
2.
He would sooner resign than _____ part in such dishonest business deals.
A. to take
B. Taking
C. take
D. have taken
3.
Communication has created a world economy in which working smarter
17、 is more important than______.
A. work harder
B. working harder
C. to work harder
D. to working harder
4.
I was advised ________ for reservation.
A. to either telephone or to write the hotel
B. either to telephone or to write the hotel
C. that I should telephone or either write th
18、e hotel D. I ought either to telephone or write the hotel
5 Having gone there and ____ out the truth, she started to cry.
A .finding
B. finds
C. found
D. to find
6.
My approach is not to pass the test, but ______ the prize.
A. rather getting
B. to rather get
C. rather to get
D. mo
19、re than getting
7.
The physician considers going to bed early to be more sensible _____ late.
A. but staying up
B. than to stay up
C. for staying up
D. than staying up
8.
Nature has a number of different ways of burying and thus________ the past.
A. conserve
B. Conserving
C. prese
20、rve
D. preserving
9.
Heat the soup for ten minutes, and then _______from the stove.
A.you should remove it
B. removing it
C.to remove it
D. remove it
10. The purpose of the organization is ________ all newcomers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.
A. gree
21、ting B. to greet C. having greeted D. to have greeted
11. Its better to die on ones feet than_______.
A. living on ones knees B. live on ones knees C.on ones knees D. to live on ones knees
12. When that happens the computer system can be asked for alternatives or the operator _____ interrog
22、ate ( 訊問 ) the computer to find out what would happen if the officers own solution was put into action.
A. ought to
B. should
C. dare to
D. can
13.
Either you come in person, or_________.
A. to entrust someone with the matter
B. entrusting someone with the matter
C. you entrust
23、someone with the matter
D. you entrusted someone with the matter
14.
The more precise ________ ,the more effective the communication.
A. a writers words
B.that a writers words
C.there are a writers words
D. they are a writers words
15.
Having no money but _______ to know, he sim
24、ply said he would go without dinner.
A. not to want anyone
B.not wanting anyone
C.wanted no one
D.to want no one
16.
I like watching TV________ to the cinema.
A.more than to go
B. than going
C. more than going
D. rather than to go
17.
Nowadays people usually prefer driving to________.
A. driving
B. drive
C.to drive
D. drove
18. Allen has stated that he has always had a great ______ and admiration for the work of the British economist Keynes.
A . interest B. interest in C. interesting in D. interested
3
并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)及練習(xí)
