《讀后續(xù)寫課件》PPT課件

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1、高考英語(yǔ)新題型讀后續(xù)寫 傳統(tǒng)高考英語(yǔ)試卷中的寫作部分多為命題作文，對(duì)考生的想象創(chuàng)造思維多有限制。作為考試改革的一部分，新題型的引入可望促進(jìn)語(yǔ)言教學(xué)實(shí)踐良性發(fā)展。讀后續(xù)寫題型具有較好的效度和信度。讀后續(xù)寫要求學(xué)生在理解一篇不完整文章的基礎(chǔ)上，充分調(diào)動(dòng)想象創(chuàng)新思維，大膽預(yù)測(cè)文章缺失部分的內(nèi)容走勢(shì)，進(jìn)行充滿個(gè)性色彩的設(shè)計(jì)，并用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫表達(dá)。該題型的啟用在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力（尤其是閱讀和寫作）和思維品質(zhì)（尤其是想象能力和創(chuàng)新精神）方面將發(fā)揮積極作用，這完全符合國(guó)家考試改革的理念和課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求。 一、讀后續(xù)寫的要求和特征（一）讀后續(xù)寫的要求 讀后續(xù)寫任務(wù)要求考生在一段350詞以內(nèi)的語(yǔ)言材料

2、基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)該材料內(nèi)容、所給段落開頭語(yǔ)和所標(biāo)示關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行續(xù)寫（150詞左右），將其發(fā)展成一篇與給定材料有邏輯銜接、情節(jié)和結(jié)構(gòu)完整的短文。續(xù)寫部分分為兩段。原文給出10處左右的標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，所續(xù)寫短文應(yīng)使用5個(gè)以上。 （二）讀后續(xù)寫的特征 考試說(shuō)明中評(píng)分原則部分規(guī)定，讀后續(xù)寫閱卷時(shí)按5個(gè)檔次給分。參考最高檔次第五檔（21-25分）的描述并考慮寫作部分評(píng)分的其它因素，可以認(rèn)為一篇優(yōu)秀的讀后續(xù)寫具備以下特征： 1. 內(nèi)容豐富充實(shí)，與所給短文融洽連貫； 2. 連接成分應(yīng)用得當(dāng)，行文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊一體，與所提供各段落開頭語(yǔ)的銜接緊密合理； 3. 使用并用下劃線標(biāo)示5個(gè)以上短文中標(biāo)出的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)； 4.

3、詞匯豐富高級(jí)，語(yǔ)法準(zhǔn)確多變（主被動(dòng)句式、各類從句、特殊句式、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等的使用情況靈活恰當(dāng)、不拘一格、游刃有余）； 5. 詞數(shù)充分，150詞左右。評(píng)分細(xì)則規(guī)定少于130詞的，從總分中減去2分； 6. 拼寫準(zhǔn)確，英式或美式拼法皆可； 7. 標(biāo)點(diǎn)合理，使用得當(dāng)。 二、讀后續(xù)寫的步驟 讀后續(xù)寫的過(guò)程主要包括定位（Determine）、分類(Divide)、設(shè)計(jì)(Design)、初稿(Draft)、核查(Check)等五個(gè)步驟（簡(jiǎn)稱“DDDDC”），具體如下。 （一）定位 第一個(gè)步驟，是通過(guò)閱讀定位所提供語(yǔ)言材料的核心信息，包括核心單詞、短語(yǔ)和句子等，目的是梳理內(nèi)容的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)和推進(jìn)方向。本步驟的關(guān)鍵在

4、于高效的閱讀，要求學(xué)生在盡可能短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，基于對(duì)某種語(yǔ)言的掌握，利用分析綜合、分類比較、歸納演繹、抽象概括等邏輯思維技能，調(diào)動(dòng)知識(shí)體中的有關(guān)部分，去洞穿語(yǔ)篇的文脈肌理，積極尋找信息。 考試說(shuō)明并未對(duì)讀后續(xù)寫材料的體裁做出明確說(shuō)明，僅描述為“一段350詞以內(nèi)的語(yǔ)言材料”，但王初明（2012）給讀后續(xù)寫下的定義是“閱讀一篇未完的故事，并隨后將它補(bǔ)全”，而且考試說(shuō)明中的樣題也是記敘文，因此，可以推測(cè)，所給短文的體裁應(yīng)以記敘文為主，要尤其關(guān)注記敘文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和信息重點(diǎn)（人物、情節(jié)、環(huán)境、人稱、描寫手段、主題意蘊(yùn)等）。 （二）分類第二個(gè)步驟，對(duì)原文給出的10個(gè)下劃線關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行分類，目的是在第三步驟設(shè)計(jì)

5、情節(jié)時(shí)對(duì)其靈活地使用。對(duì)于記敘文，分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以采用人物、動(dòng)作、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、具體名詞和抽象名詞等。 （三）設(shè)計(jì)第三個(gè)步驟，參考分類后的10個(gè)下劃線關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，設(shè)計(jì)出與上下文內(nèi)容連貫、豐富充實(shí)、自然流暢、引人入勝的情節(jié)走勢(shì)。頭腦風(fēng)暴出核心詞（以名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等內(nèi)容詞為主）即可，無(wú)需完整句子。在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，應(yīng)充分考慮以下幾點(diǎn)。 1. 續(xù)寫第一段的內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì)既要考慮與上文的融洽銜接，同時(shí)也要考慮本段和最后一段開頭語(yǔ)的呼應(yīng)和銜接，而后者是容易忽視的部分。簡(jiǎn)言之，第一段的內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì)要成功搭建本段與前文、后文的橋梁。 2. 續(xù)寫第二段是文章的結(jié)尾，要關(guān)注與文章開頭的遙相呼應(yīng)，根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境弘揚(yáng)感情的真、人

6、性的善或拼搏的美，從而凸顯主題，升華精神。考慮利用抒情和議論等表達(dá)方式使得畫龍點(diǎn)睛之處能夠表露文章深處蘊(yùn)涵的主題意蘊(yùn)、思想感情或人生哲理。 3. 靈活運(yùn)用各種描寫手法，以幫助打造鮮活靈動(dòng)的人物形象和豐富充實(shí)的情節(jié)鏈條。以動(dòng)作描寫、語(yǔ)言描寫和心理描寫為主，輔之以恰當(dāng)?shù)耐饷裁鑼懞铜h(huán)境描寫。情節(jié)的推動(dòng)主要靠動(dòng)作描寫，要完整描繪每一動(dòng)作的前因和后果。語(yǔ)言描寫包括獨(dú)白和對(duì)話，可以反映人物情感、行為動(dòng)機(jī)、或預(yù)示和推動(dòng)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展。心理描寫聚焦于在某一境況下人物的內(nèi)心活動(dòng)，可以細(xì)膩地展示人物跌宕起伏的心路歷程。外貌描寫和環(huán)境描寫的使用應(yīng)根據(jù)情節(jié)發(fā)展和主題表達(dá)的實(shí)際需要。（百度百科，動(dòng)作描寫；語(yǔ)言描寫；心理

7、描寫；外貌描寫；環(huán)境描寫）。 （四）初稿第四個(gè)步驟，按照情節(jié)鏈條進(jìn)行初稿的撰寫。此過(guò)程應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)。 1. 分析原文語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方面的顯著特征，觀察有無(wú)直接引語(yǔ)、各類從句、特殊句型、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等。通過(guò)模仿和創(chuàng)造，盡量提高與原文的協(xié)同，力求在各個(gè)語(yǔ)言層次（關(guān)鍵詞、短語(yǔ)和句型等）的表達(dá)風(fēng)格上和原文保持一致。 2. 先在頭腦里組織整個(gè)句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容走勢(shì)，然后動(dòng)筆書寫，從而下筆流暢、整潔美觀，避免字字艱難、反復(fù)涂改。 3. 對(duì)詞匯的選擇務(wù)必字斟句酌、精挑細(xì)選。文章是語(yǔ)言文字編成的織錦，詞匯是構(gòu)成文章唯一的材料，是文章的色彩和音色，要確保圍繞主題之下的詞匯使用在理性思維引導(dǎo)下能夠豐富多彩和恰當(dāng)合理。

8、 （五）核查第五個(gè)步驟，核查連接詞、下劃線標(biāo)明原文給出的5個(gè)以上關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)、詞數(shù)、語(yǔ)法詞匯、和標(biāo)點(diǎn)等五個(gè)方面。核查有無(wú)連接詞的使用；如無(wú)，應(yīng)增添連接詞，以保持上下文的銜接和連貫。核查是否使用下劃線標(biāo)明原文給出的5個(gè)以上關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。字?jǐn)?shù)控制在150-160詞范圍內(nèi)為佳。最后通讀全文核查標(biāo)點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法詞匯。以上五個(gè)步驟和評(píng)分第五檔（21-25分）的要求是相互對(duì)應(yīng)的。五個(gè)步驟的逐個(gè)實(shí)施可以確保滿足評(píng)分第五檔在四個(gè)方面的要求。 三、范例分析閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)一個(gè)完整的故事。注意：1. 所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2. 應(yīng)使用5個(gè)以上短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)；3. 續(xù)寫部分分為兩段

9、，每段的開頭語(yǔ)已為你寫好；4. 續(xù)寫完成后，請(qǐng)用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。接下來(lái)，我們將運(yùn)用上述五個(gè)步驟來(lái)進(jìn)行讀后續(xù)寫。 A Faithful Friend Neil loves to travel and he was so fond of forests. Whenever he plans for a holiday, he would choose a place that is blessed by Mother Nature. To celebrate his sons second birthday, he decided to stay and enjoy the cele

10、bration in woods, located at the lap of a mountain. He with his family and friends, reached the village located near the woods and had his stay in the cottage. The cottage was located at the entrance of the dense forest, where the guests can see wolves wandering in the nearby place. Neils son saw a

11、dog at the door and offered him a biscuit. The dog was happy and very soon the little son befriended the dog. On second day, the birthday of the boy was celebrated grandly in the woods within beautiful nature. The dog did not leave the boy even for a minute and they both became close friends. The ne

12、xt day, Neil, his wife and others decided to go for hunting in the forest and arranged a babysitter to take care of the little boy for half a day. After 3 hours, all of them returned to the cottage and they seemed very tired. The cottage was open and nobody was there. The dog saw Neil and others, it

13、 rushed to them and licked (舔) Neils shoes. Neils wife was shocked to see the blood strain in the dogs mouth. Paragraph 1: Everyone was shocked to see the blood-spattered mouth._ _ _ Paragraph 2: Hearing the noise from the dog, the babysitter rushed out of the room._ _ _ 一、Read and answer the questi

14、on (3mins): 1. Why did Neil choose such a place for their holiday? A. because its scenery is beautiful. B. because the villagers are kind. C. because he likes nature very much. D. because he loves different tastes. 2.What does “ befriend” mean in para 3? A. make friends with B. be similar to C. be f

15、amiliar with D.be friendly to 3.Why was Neils wife shocked to see the blood strain in the dogs mouth? A. because she did not know what happened. B because she thought something dangerous happened to her son. C.because she was scared of the dog. D. because she was timid. 二、Grammar: Neil is a gentlema

16、n 1_ (have) a lovely family, with his wife and a little son, who loves to travel and is especially fond of forests and woods. Whenever he plans 2_a holiday, 3 _ would choose a place that is blessed by Mother Nature.4 _ celebrate his sons second birthday, he decided to stay and enjoy the birthday cel

17、ebration in woods,5 _ (locate) at the lap of a mountain. The cottage was at the entrance of the dense forest, 6 _ the guests can view animals wandering in the nearby place.having forhe Tolocated where 7 _the natural scenes were beautiful, the local villagers warned the guests to watch 8 _ because th

18、ere may be 9 _ (wolf) living in the forest. Soon the little boy played with a dog happily as if they 10 _ ( know) each other for a long time.Although/ Thoughoutwolveshad known 1.Tor F: Neil is a gentleman has a lovely family. =Neil is a gentleman who has a lovely family. =Neil is a gentleman having

19、a lovely family. 2.Translation: 蘆湖公園位于高青縣中部。 Lu Hu Park is in the middle of Gaoqing county. Lu Hu Park lies in the middle of Gaoqing county. Lu Hu Park is located in the middle of Gaoqing county. 3.Translation: 盡管他很年輕，但他知道很多。 (although /though/ as) Although / Though / While he is young, he knows muc

20、h. Young though / as he is, he knows much. 4. Soon the little boy plays with a dog happily as if they _ ( know) each other for a long time.knew 三、 Discussing for Writing A short story : where when who what how why 1.Who? Neil and his family, including his wife and his little son; his friends; a baby

21、sitter; 2.Where? A cottage in the woods (forest) 3.What ? Neils family and his friends celebrated his sons second birthday 4.How many animals are referred to in the text? What are they? Two, dog and wolves. 5.What qualities will you remember when you think of dogs? loyal ,fainthful(忠誠(chéng)的), friendly(友善

22、的), lovely,cute(可愛), smart(敏捷), intelligent, clever(聰明的). Good points 6.What qualities will you remember when you think of wolves? tricky (狡猾的） cruel（殘忍的） aggressive （進(jìn)攻性的） snaky (陰險(xiǎn)的). Bad points Para1. Everyone was shocked to see the blood-spattered（濺、灑、潑） mouth. 1. Why was everyone shocked? Becau

23、se they saw the blood-spattered mouth 2. Why was the dogs mouth blood- spattered? Maybe something dangerous happened to the babysitter or the little son, especially the little son-he was hurt or he was killed. More questions about the first paragraph: Para2: Hearing the noise from the dog, the babys

24、itter rushed out of the room. 1.Whats the truth? How about the dog? the little son? the woves? The dog tried its best to protect the little son, fighting against the wolves, accounting for its blood-spattered mouth. The little son was safe, and the wolves were killed or escaped. 2. Whats the main id

25、ea of this para? The truth of the story. 3. Who saw the truth? The babysitter saw the scene. Attention: 1. 5處劃線； 2.有邏輯地大膽預(yù)測(cè)； 3. 抓住每段的關(guān)鍵詞； 4. 兩段間是否有邏輯關(guān)系； 5.注意字體和卷面 Para1: Everyone was shocked to see the blood-spattered（濺、灑、潑） mouth. They started to beat the dog. The poor dog screamed in pain, which w

26、as wounded badly soon. Neil could not believe that the dog seeming to be friendly should be so fierce and even killed his little son. His wife cried sadly while calling the name of the little son. Para2: Hearing the noise from the dog, the babysitter rushed out of the room. She was surprised why the

27、y were beating the dog, so she cried to make them stop. Then, she explained that the dog saved the boy when he was about to be attacked by some wolves wandering around the cottage. The dog fought with the wolves and finally killed them. As a result, the boy was not hurt at all. Neil then realised th

28、at the dog was indeed a fainthful friend. He also learned not to make decision in a hurry because haste makes waste.（欲速則不達(dá)） Conclusion: 1.續(xù)寫是原有文本的基礎(chǔ)上故事有邏輯的發(fā)展，而不是從文本中隨便摘錄語(yǔ)句的堆砌； 2.故事的發(fā)展要結(jié)合文本的提示以及常識(shí)：如：人們對(duì)于 狗和狼的普遍認(rèn)識(shí)； 3.結(jié)尾最好要積極向上、有正能量。 如：最好不要預(yù)言小孩被傷害掉，邪惡戰(zhàn)勝了正義。 4. 兩段間的邏輯關(guān)系， 如：第一段要解釋第二段的noise。 四、備考建議面對(duì)讀后續(xù)寫這

29、一新寫作題型，在了解了其特點(diǎn)和寫作技巧之后，考生只要加以適度練習(xí)，對(duì)此新題型可以做到得心應(yīng)手。 1. 充分利用記敘文故事類的閱讀理解或者完形填空?？忌谧龃祟愇恼碌脑囶}時(shí)，讀到適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?，可以短暫停止，根?jù)已讀部分文章的脈絡(luò)，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行發(fā)散思維，設(shè)想可能的幾種結(jié)尾，最后對(duì)照原文的結(jié)尾，看自己的設(shè)想是否與原文一致。 2. 經(jīng)常實(shí)施微型化訓(xùn)練，也就是對(duì)所讀文章的某一段落進(jìn)行設(shè)想。根據(jù)某一段落的首句提示，結(jié)合文章的上文對(duì)該段進(jìn)行合理設(shè)想，具體推斷該段可能要講述的內(nèi)容。 3. 與傳統(tǒng)寫作類似，續(xù)寫文章更加要注意句與句之間的連接詞，或其的暗示作用。如范例中的續(xù)寫部分的第二段“the noise”中的“noise”表明在上一段中已經(jīng)提到，并且與后面發(fā)生關(guān)系。 4. 進(jìn)行適度專題化練習(xí)。俗話說(shuō)，熟能生巧。對(duì)于讀后續(xù)寫這一新題型也是如此。通過(guò)適度地練習(xí)，可以進(jìn)一步熟知該種題型的特色，更好地掌握該種題型的寫作技巧，更有效地調(diào)動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)寫作的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，從而寫出一篇優(yōu)美的續(xù)寫短文。需要注意的是，后續(xù)寫補(bǔ)全的是語(yǔ)篇，而非單詞或短語(yǔ)。 5.在平時(shí)的教學(xué)中，老師要幫助學(xué)生釋放創(chuàng)造力和想象力，激發(fā)表達(dá)動(dòng)機(jī)。