殼體零件機(jī)械加工工藝兩側(cè)面深20 2-M6-7H螺紋底孔鉆夾具設(shè)計(jì)
殼體零件機(jī)械加工工藝兩側(cè)面深20 2-M6-7H螺紋底孔鉆夾具設(shè)計(jì),殼體零件機(jī)械加工工藝兩側(cè)面深20,2-M6-7H螺紋底孔鉆夾具設(shè)計(jì),殼體,零件,機(jī)械,加工,工藝,側(cè)面,20,m6,螺紋,羅紋,底孔,夾具,設(shè)計(jì)
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畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目
倆側(cè)面深20 2-M6-7H螺紋底孔鉆夾具設(shè)計(jì)
開(kāi)題報(bào)告（闡述課題的目的、意義、研究現(xiàn)狀、研究?jī)?nèi)容、研究方案、進(jìn)度安排、預(yù)期結(jié)果、參考文獻(xiàn)等）
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的目的和意義：
夾具是零件加工的夾緊裝置，是加工零件的一種必不可少的裝置。隨著零件的尺寸變化，越來(lái)越多的夾具被淘汰了，因此，設(shè)計(jì)一套專用夾具是十分有必要的。在設(shè)計(jì)專用家具時(shí)要考慮工件的定位方案，工件的夾緊方案和設(shè)計(jì)夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)，夾具的其他組成部分，夾具的結(jié)構(gòu)形式等。
本論文是結(jié)合目前實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中，常常發(fā)現(xiàn)僅用通用夾具不能滿足生產(chǎn)要求，用通用夾具裝夾工件生產(chǎn)效率低勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大，加工質(zhì)量不高，而且往往需要增加劃線工序，而專門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)的一種銑床夾具，主要包括夾具的定位方案、夾緊方案、對(duì)刀方案，夾具體與定位鍵的設(shè)計(jì)及加工精度等方面的分析?？梢杂行У臏p少工件的加工基本時(shí)間和輔助時(shí)間，大大提高了勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)力，從而可以有效地減輕工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度和增加勞動(dòng)效率。
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的研究現(xiàn)狀：
由于專用夾具的設(shè)計(jì)制造在很大程度上影響加工質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)率、勞動(dòng)條件和生產(chǎn)成本，因此，他是各機(jī)械制造廠新產(chǎn)品投資、老產(chǎn)品改進(jìn)和工藝更新中的一項(xiàng)重要生產(chǎn)技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備工作，也是每一個(gè)從事機(jī)械加工工藝的技術(shù)人員必須掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。機(jī)床夾具在機(jī)械加工中起著重要的作用，所以應(yīng)用十分廣泛。歸納起來(lái)有以下幾個(gè)方面的作用：
1、保證工件的加工精度，穩(wěn)定產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量
夾具在機(jī)械加工中的基本作用就是保證工件的相對(duì)位置精度。由于采用了能直接定位的夾具，因此，可以準(zhǔn)確地確定工件相對(duì)于道具和機(jī)床切削成形運(yùn)動(dòng)中的相互位置關(guān)系，不受或者少受各種主觀因素的影響，可以穩(wěn)定可靠地保證加工質(zhì)量。
2、提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率和降低加工成本
提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率，降低單件時(shí)間定額的主要技術(shù)措施是增大切削用量和壓縮輔助時(shí)間。采用機(jī)床夾具，既可以提高工件加工時(shí)的剛度，有利于采用較大的切削用量，又可以省去劃線找正等工作，使安裝工作的輔助工時(shí)大大減小，因此能顯著地提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率和降低成本。
3、改善工人勞動(dòng)條件
采用夾具后，工件的裝卸顯然比不用夾具方便、省力、安全。使用專用夾具安裝工件，定位方便、迅速，夾緊可采用增力、機(jī)動(dòng)等裝置，因此可以減輕工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。還可設(shè)計(jì)保護(hù)裝置，確保操作者安全。
4、在流水線生產(chǎn)中，便于平衡生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍
工藝工程中，當(dāng)某些工件所需要工序時(shí)間特別長(zhǎng)時(shí)，可以采用多工位或高效夾具等，以提高生產(chǎn)效率，使生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍能夠比較平衡。
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）主要內(nèi)容和要求：
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）應(yīng)完成的主要工作：
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的研究方案：
1、在機(jī)械加工工藝設(shè)計(jì)中，已經(jīng)確定殼體的生產(chǎn)類型為大批量生產(chǎn)，在此工序夾具中選擇螺旋夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)夾緊工件。通過(guò)右端面及菱形銷限制工件5個(gè)自由度，在夾具體上直接做出一段螺桿，裝夾工件時(shí)，先將工件定位孔裝入帶有螺母的螺桿上，實(shí)現(xiàn)完全定位，最后擰緊螺母壓緊工件。
2、本工序采用一菱形銷、右端面和壓塊的夾緊裝置，工件始終緊貼夾緊體的右端面，工件自重帶來(lái)一定的平行于夾具體底板的水平力。因此，工件在定位銷正上方，進(jìn)而使加工位置沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)角誤差。但是，由于加工是自由公差，故應(yīng)當(dāng)能滿足定位要求。
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）進(jìn)度安排：
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）主要參考資料：
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[5] 王先逵. 機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程制定[M]. 北京: 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2008. 6.
[6] 李旦,邵東向,王杰. 機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué)課程設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)床專用夾具圖冊(cè)[M]. 哈爾濱: 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，2005. 2.
[7] 李益民. 機(jī)械制造工藝設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)明手冊(cè)[M]. 北京: 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1994. 7.
[8] 姜希光. 如何正確地設(shè)計(jì)和使用機(jī)床夾具[J]. 機(jī)械工人, 冷加工, 1974（12）:12-18.
[9] 王賽唐, 李盛宇. 對(duì)《機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)》課程教學(xué)的幾點(diǎn)思考[J]. 現(xiàn)代技能開(kāi)發(fā), 2003:5-9.
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[14] 廖念釗. 互換性與技術(shù)測(cè)量[M]. 北京: 北京中國(guó)計(jì)量出版社, 2007.
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[16] 鄒清. 機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)教程[M]. 北京: 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2004.
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英文資料
High-speed milling
High-speed machining is an advanced manufacturing technology, different from the traditional processing methods. The spindle speed, cutting feed rate, cutting a small amount of units within the time of removal of material has increased three to six times. With high efficiency, high precision and high quality surface as the basic characteristics of the automobile industry, aerospace, mold manufacturing and instrumentation industry, such as access to a wide range of applications, has made significant economic benefits, is the contemporary importance of advanced manufacturing technology. For a long time, people die on the processing has been using a grinding or milling EDM (EDM) processing, grinding, polishing methods. Although the high hardness of the EDM machine parts, but the lower the productivity of its application is limited. With the development of high-speed processing technology, used to replace high-speed cutting, grinding and polishing process to die processing has become possible. To shorten the processing cycle, processing and reliable quality assurance, lower processing costs.
1 One of the advantages of high-speed machining
High-speed machining as a die-efficient manufacturing, high-quality, low power consumption in an advanced manufacturing technology. In conventional machining in a series of problems has plagued by high-speed machining of the application have been resolved.
1.1 Increase productivity
High-speed cutting of the spindle speed, feed rate compared withtraditional machining, in the nature of the leap, the metal removal rate increased 30 percent to 40 percent, cutting force reduced by 30 percent, the cutting tool life increased by 70% . Hardened parts can be processed, a fixture in many parts to be completed rough, semi-finishing and fine, and all other processes, the complex can reach parts of the surface quality requirements, thus increasing the processing productivity and competitiveness of products in the market.
1.2 Improve processing accuracy and surface quality
High-speed machines generally have high rigidity and precision, and other characteristics, processing, cutting the depth of small, fast and feed, cutting force low, the workpiece to reduce heat distortion, and high precision machining, surface roughness small. Milling will be no high-speed processing and milling marks the surface so that the parts greatly enhance the quality of the surface. Processing Aluminum when up Ra0.40.6um, pieces of steel processing at up to Ra0.2 ~ 0.4um.
1.3 Cutting reduce the heat
Because the main axis milling machine high-speed rotation, cutting a shallow cutting, and feed very quickly, and the blade length of the workpiece contacts and contact time is very short, a decrease of blades and parts of the heat conduction. High-speed cutting by dry milling or oil cooked up absolute (mist) lubrication system, to avoid the traditional processing tool in contact with the workpiece and a lot of shortcomings to ensure that the tool is not high temperature under the conditions of work, extended tool life.
1.4 This is conducive to processing thin-walled parts
High-speed cutting of small cutting force, a higher degree of stability, Machinable with high-quality employees compared to the company may be very good, but other than the company's employees may Suanbu Le outstanding work performance. For our China practice, we use the models to determine the method of staff training needs are simple and effective. This study models can be an external object, it can also be a combination of internal and external. We must first clear strategy for the development of enterprises. Through the internal and external business environment and organizational resources, such as analysis, the future development of a clear business goals and operational priorities. According to the business development strategy can be compared to find the business models, through a comparative analysis of the finalization of business models. In determining business models, a, is the understanding of its development strategy, or its market share and market growth rate, or the staff of the situation, and so on, according to the companies to determine the actual situation. As enterprises in different period of development, its focus is different, which means that enterprises need to invest the manpower and financial resources the focus is different. So in a certain period of time, enterprises should accurately selected their business models compared with the departments and posts, so more practical significance, because the business models are not always good, but to compare some aspects did not have much practical significance, Furthermore This can more fully concentrate on the business use of limited resources. Identify business models, and then take the enterprise of the corresponding departments and staff with the business models for comparison, the two can be found in the performance gap, a comparative analysis to find reasons, in accordance with this business reality, the final identification of training needs. The cost of training is needed, if not through an effective way to determine whether companies need to train and the training of the way, but blind to training, such training is difficult to achieve the desired results. A comparison only difference between this model is simple and practical training.
1.5 Can be part of some alternative technology, such as EDM, grinding high intensity and high hardness processing
High-speed cutting a major feature of high-speed cutting machine has the hardness of HRC60 parts. With the use of coated carbide cutter mold processing, directly to the installation of a hardened tool steel processing forming, effectively avoid the installation of several parts of the fixture error and improve the parts of the geometric location accuracy. In the mold of traditional processing, heat treatment hardening of the workpiece required EDM, high-speed machining replace the traditional method of cutting the processing, manufacturing process possible to omit die in EDM, simplifying the processing technology and investment costs .
High-speed milling in the precincts of CNC machine tools, or for processing centre, also in the installation of high-speed spindle on the general machine tools. The latter not only has the processing capacity of general machine tools, but also for high-speed milling, a decrease of investment in equipment, machine tools increased flexibility. Cutting high-speed processing can improve the efficiency, quality improvement, streamline processes, investment and machine tool investment and maintenance costs rise, but comprehensive, can significantly increase economic efficiency.
2 High-speed milling
High-speed milling the main technical high-speed cutting technology is cutting the development direction of one of it with CNC technology, microelectronic technology, new materials and new technology, such as technology development to a higher level. High-speed machine tools and high-speed tool to achieve high-speed cutting is the prerequisite and basic conditions, in high-speed machining in the performance of high-speed machine tool material of choice and there are strict requirements.
2.1 High-speed milling machine in order to achieve high-speed machining
General use of highly flexible high-speed CNC machine tools, machining centers, and some use a dedicated high-speed milling, drilling. At the same time a high-speed machine tool spindle system and high-speed feeding system, high stiffness of the main characteristics of high-precision targeting and high-precision interpolation functions, especially high-precision arc interpolation function. High-speed machining systems of the machine a higher demand, mainly in the following areas:
General use of highly flexible high-speed CNC machine tools, machining centers, and some use a dedicated high-speed milling, drilling. At the same time a high-speed machine tool spindle system and high-speed feeding system, high stiffness of the main characteristics of high-precision targeting and high-precision interpolation functions, especially high-precision arc interpolation function. High-speed machining systems of the machine a higher demand, mainly in the following areas:
High-speed milling machine must have a high-speed spindle, the spindle speed is generally 10000 ~ 100000 m / min, power greater than 15 kW. But also with rapid speed or in designated spots fast-stopping performance. The main axial space not more than 0 .0 0 0 2 m m. Often using high-speed spindle-hydrostatic bearings, air pressure-bearing, mixed ceramic bearings, magnetic bearing structure of the form. Spindle cooling general use within the water or air cooled.
High-speed processing machine-driven system should be able to provide 40 ~ 60 m / min of the feed rate, with good acceleration characteristics, can provide 0.4 m/s2 to 10 m/s2 acceleration and deceleration. In order to obtain good processing quality, high-speed cutting machines must have a high enough stiffness. Machine bed material used gray iron, can also add a high-damping base of concrete, to prevent cutting tool chatter affect the quality of processing. A high-speed data transfer rate, can automatically increase slowdown. Processing technology to improve the processing and cutting tool life. At present high-speed machine tool manufacturers, usually in the general machine tools on low speed, the feed of the rough and then proceed to heat treatment, the last in the high-speed machine on the half-finished and finished, in improving the accuracy and efficiency at the same time, as far as possible to reduce processing Cost.
2.2 High-speed machining tool
High-speed machining tool is the most active one of the important factors, it has a direct impact on the efficiency of processing, manufacturing costs and product processing and accuracy. Tool in high-speed processing to bear high temperature, high pressure, friction, shock and vibration, such as loading, its hardness and wear-resistance, strength and toughness, heat resistance, technology and economic performance of the basic high-speed processing performance is the key One of the factors. High-speed cutting tool technology development speed, the more applications such as diamond (PCD), cubic boron nitride (CBN), ceramic knives, carbide coating, (C) titanium nitride Carbide TIC (N) And so on. CBN has high hardness, abrasion resistance and the extremely good thermal conductivity, and iron group elements between the great inertia, in 1300 ℃ would not have happened significant role in the chemical, also has a good stability. The experiments show that with CBN cutting tool
HRC35 ~ 67 hardness of hardened steel can achieve very high speed. Ceramics have good wear resistance and thermal chemical stability, its hardness, toughness below the CBN, can be used for processing hardness of HRC <5 0 parts. Carbide Tool good wear resistance, but the hardness than the low-CBN and ceramics. Coating technology used knives, cutting tools can improve hardness and cutting the rate, for cutting HRC40 ~ 50 in hardness between the workpiece. Can be used to heat-resistant alloys, titanium alloys, hightemperature alloy, cast iron, Chungang, aluminum and composite materials of high-speed cutting Cut, the most widely used. Precision machining non-ferrous metals or non-metallic materials, or the choice of polycrystalline diamond Gang-coated tool.
2.3 High-speed processing technology
High-speed cutting technology for high-speed machining is the key. Cutting Methods misconduct, will increase wear tool to less than high-speed processing purposes. Only high-speed machine tool and not a good guide technology, high-speed machining equipment can not fully play its role. In high-speed machining, should be chosen with milling, when the milling cutter involvement with the workpiece chip thickness as the greatest, and then gradually decreased. High-speed machining suitable for shallow depth of cut, cutting depth of not more than 0.2 mm, to avoid the location of deviation tool to ensure that the geometric precision machining parts. Ensure that the workpiece on the cutting constant load, to get good processing quality. Cutting a single high-speed milling path-cutting mode, try not to interrupt the process and cutting tool path, reducing the involvement tool to cut the number to be relatively stable cutting process. Tool to reduce the rapid change to, in other words when the NC machine tools must cease immediately, or Jiangsu, and then implement the next step. As the machine tool acceleration restrictions, easy to cause a waste of time, and exigency stop or radical move would damage the surface accuracy. In the mold of high-speed finishing, in each Cut, cut to the workpiece, the feed should try to change the direction of a curve or arc adapter, avoid a straight line adapter to maintain the smooth process of cutting.
3 Die in high-speed milling processing of
Milling as a highly efficient high-speed cutting of the new method,in
Mould Manufacturing has been widely used. Forging links in the regular production model, with EDM cavity to be 12 ~ 15 h, electrodes produced 2 h. Milling after the switch to high-speed, high-speed milling cutter on the hardness of HRC 6 0 hardened tool steel processing. The forging die processing only 3 h20min, improve work efficiency four to five times the processing surface roughness of Ra0.5 ~ 0.6m, fully in line with quality requirements.
High-speed cutting technology is cutting technology one of the major developments, mainly used in automobile industry and die industry, particularly in the processing complex surface, the workpiece itself or knives rigid requirements of the higher processing areas, is a range of advanced processing technology The integration, high efficiency and high quality for the people respected. It not only involves high-speed processing technology, but also including high-speed processing machine tools, numerical control system, high-speed cutting tools and CAD / CAM technology. Die-processing technology has been developed in the mold of the manufacturing sector in general, and in my application and the application of the standards have yet to be improved, because of its traditional processing with unparalleled advantages, the future will continue to be an inevitable development of processing technology Direction.
4 Numerical control technology and equipping development trend and countermeasure
Equip the engineering level, level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation, spaceflight, etc. national defense industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Marx has ever said "the differences of different economic times, do not lie in what is produced, and lie in how to produce, produce with some means of labor ". Manufacturing technology and equipping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity, and numerical control technology is nowadays advanced manufacturing technology and equips the most central technology. Nowadays the manufacturing industry all around the world adopts numerical control technology extensively, in order to improve manufacturing capacity and level, improve the adaptive capacity and competitive power to the changeable market of the trends. In addition every industrially developed country in the world also classifies the technology and numerical control equipment of numerical control as the strategic materials of the country, not merely take the great measure to develop one's own numerical control technology and industry, and implement blockading and restrictive policy to our country in view of " high-grade, precision and advanced key technology of numerical control " and equipping. In a word, develop the advanced manufacturing technology taking numerical control technology as the core and already become every world developed country and accelerate economic development in a more cost-effective manner, important way to improve the overall national strength and national position.
Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry, namely the so-called digitization is equipped, its technological range covers a lot of fields: (1)Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2)Information processing, processing, transmission technology; (3)Automatic control technology; (4)Servo drive technology; (5)Technology of the sensor; (6)Software engineering ,etc..
Development trend of a numerical control technology
The application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revolutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the application, the development of some important trades (IT , automobile , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the people's livelihood of his plays a more and more important role, because the digitization that these trades needed to equip has already been the main trend of modern development. Numerical control technology in the world at present and equipping the development trend to see, there is the following several respect [1- ] in its main research focus.
5 A high-speed, high finish machining technology and new trend equipped
The efficiency, quality are subjavanufacturing technology. High-speed, high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly , improve the quality and grade of the products, shorten production cycle and improve the market competitive power. Japan carries the technological research association first to classify it as one of the 5 great modern manufacturing technologies for this, learn (CIRP) to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century and study one of the directions in international production engineering.
In the field of car industry, produce one second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year, and many variety process it is car that equip key problem that must be solved one of; In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry, spare parts of its processing are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle, rigidity is very bad, the material is aluminium or aluminium alloy, only in a situation that cut the speed and cut strength very small high, could process these muscles, walls. Adopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy method that blank " pay empty " make the wing recently, such large-scale parts as the fuselage ,etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous rivet , screw and other connection way, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the component improved. All these, to processing and equipping the demand which has proposed high-speed, high precise and high flexibility.
According to EMO2001 exhibition situation, high-speed machining center is it give speed can reach 80m/min is even high , air transport competent speed can up to 100m/min to be about to enter. A lot of automobile factories in the world at present, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country, have already adopted and substituted and made the lathe up with the production line part that the high-speed machining center makes
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