立體車庫(kù)自動(dòng)入庫(kù)裝置結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)【機(jī)械式立體停車庫(kù)】【說(shuō)明書+CAD】
立體車庫(kù)自動(dòng)入庫(kù)裝置結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)【機(jī)械式立體停車庫(kù)】【說(shuō)明書+CAD】,機(jī)械式立體停車庫(kù),說(shuō)明書+CAD,立體車庫(kù)自動(dòng)入庫(kù)裝置結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)【機(jī)械式立體停車庫(kù)】【說(shuō)明書+CAD】,立體車庫(kù),自動(dòng),入庫(kù),裝置,結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),機(jī)械式,立體,車庫(kù),說(shuō)明書,仿單,cad
湖南科技大學(xué)2015屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告
題 目
立體車庫(kù)自動(dòng)入庫(kù)裝置結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
作者姓名
學(xué)號(hào)
所學(xué)專業(yè)
機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化
1、 研究的意義，同類研究工作國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀、存在問題（列出主要參考文獻(xiàn)）
自動(dòng)立體車庫(kù)是我國(guó)的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，具有廣闊的發(fā)展前景。隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)車庫(kù)已經(jīng)不能適應(yīng)城市的發(fā)展需求，自動(dòng)立體車庫(kù)成為解決這一問題的必然途徑。機(jī)械式立體車庫(kù)具有空間利用率高、建造周期短、節(jié)約能源等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。立體車庫(kù)經(jīng)過幾十年的發(fā)展，已由初期的半自動(dòng)化控制方式發(fā)展到全自動(dòng)化的控制方式，機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)也發(fā)展到了模塊化設(shè)計(jì)。國(guó)外經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家其自動(dòng)立體車庫(kù)在過去幾十年中已經(jīng)得到了充分的發(fā)展。國(guó)外的機(jī)械式立體車庫(kù)發(fā)源于20年代的美國(guó)。50年代以后，伴隨著小汽車的大量增加，在西歐、東南亞等地區(qū)立體車庫(kù)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。日本的自動(dòng)立體車庫(kù)行業(yè)現(xiàn)已發(fā)展出較多車庫(kù)種類，同時(shí)，日本在車庫(kù)的技術(shù)研究與開發(fā)、制造、管理等方面的水平都處于亞洲領(lǐng)先水平，所建成的立體停車場(chǎng)的數(shù)量和其容車量也居于世界前列。而在韓國(guó)，自動(dòng)立體車庫(kù)的技術(shù)發(fā)展主要受到了鄰國(guó)日本的影響。再加上韓國(guó)政府的大力支持，自動(dòng)立體車庫(kù)在韓國(guó)得到了大規(guī)模的應(yīng)用和再開發(fā)，進(jìn)入了穩(wěn)步發(fā)展階段。目前，我國(guó)的自動(dòng)立體車庫(kù)行業(yè)正處于快速發(fā)展階段并很快進(jìn)入穩(wěn)定發(fā)展階段，未來(lái)市場(chǎng)巨大。但我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的自動(dòng)立體車庫(kù)產(chǎn)業(yè)并不十分完善，大部分車庫(kù)是引進(jìn)國(guó)外先進(jìn)技術(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)制造，而且技術(shù)水平不高，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力落后于其他國(guó)家。國(guó)內(nèi)沒有較大規(guī)模的車庫(kù)生產(chǎn)加工企業(yè)，大規(guī)模量產(chǎn)能力明顯不足。
2、 研究目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容和擬解決的關(guān)鍵問題（根據(jù)任務(wù)要求進(jìn)一步具體化）
升降橫移式立體停車庫(kù)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)在整個(gè)車庫(kù)中非常重要，主框架部分、載車板部分和傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)是升降橫移式立體停車庫(kù)的主要組成部分，主框架部分承擔(dān)著整個(gè)升降橫移式立體停車庫(kù)的總量，而且它的輕重、穩(wěn)定性和可靠性以及載車板部分還影響著整個(gè)立體停車庫(kù)的重量、材料和成本的多少以及安全性，傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)決定著升降橫移式立體停車庫(kù)運(yùn)行的好壞，研究設(shè)計(jì)主框架部分、載車板部分和傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)成為影響整個(gè)立體停車庫(kù)的關(guān)鍵因素。
隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，轎車擁有量的迅速膨脹，機(jī)械式車庫(kù)的現(xiàn)有功能已落后于人們的要求。現(xiàn)有車庫(kù)技術(shù)的不足主要表現(xiàn)在取車得時(shí)間比較長(zhǎng)，智能化程度比較低，安全程度不夠，設(shè)計(jì)形式比較陳舊。如何提高立體停車庫(kù)的效率以及安全性能成為了我設(shè)計(jì)的主要研究方向。
3、 特色與創(chuàng)新之處
本研究對(duì)以往的立體車庫(kù)自動(dòng)進(jìn)庫(kù)裝置進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)以改善其性能使其得到優(yōu)化，同以往的設(shè)計(jì)相比主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)如下：
1) 節(jié)省占地，配置靈活，建設(shè)周期短。
2) 采用渦輪蝸桿減速器使得整體自鎖能力好。
3) 整體采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，各部分可以拆卸裝換，使用方便。
4) 存取車迅速，等候時(shí)間短。
5) 運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)，工作噪聲低。
6) 適用于商業(yè)、機(jī)關(guān)、住宅小區(qū)配套停車場(chǎng)的使用。
4、 擬采取的研究方法、步驟、技術(shù)路線
所查閱的文獻(xiàn)主要是通過學(xué)校的圖書館、圖書館網(wǎng)站和一些機(jī)械論壇網(wǎng)站和中國(guó)期刊網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行查詢，主要查詢的范圍是有關(guān)于本課題書籍、期刊和學(xué)位論文。
(1) 了解立體車庫(kù)的構(gòu)成
(2) 設(shè)計(jì)立體車庫(kù)的結(jié)構(gòu)裝置
(3) 零件的強(qiáng)度分析
(4) 總體設(shè)計(jì)方案
(5) 校核與檢驗(yàn)
5、 擬使用的主要設(shè)計(jì)、分析軟件及儀器設(shè)備
圖紙繪制
繪制總裝、部件和零件的二維工程圖、裝配圖。（折合1號(hào)圖5張）
采用autocad和SolidWorks繪圖
6、參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]、王永章、《數(shù)控技術(shù)》、高等教育出版社、高等學(xué)校機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)系列教材
[2]、熊詩(shī)波、《機(jī)械工程測(cè)試技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)》、機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社、第三版
[3]、哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)理論力學(xué)教研室、《理論力學(xué)》、高等教育出版社、第七版
[4]、劉鴻文、《材料力學(xué)》、高等教育出版社、第五版
[5]、濮良貴、《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》、高等教育出版社、第八版
[6]、高為國(guó)、《機(jī)械工程材料》、中南大學(xué)出版社、第二版
[7]、潘存云、《機(jī)械原理》、中南大學(xué)出版社、第二版
注：
1、開題報(bào)告是本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的一個(gè)重要組成部分。學(xué)生應(yīng)根據(jù)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書的要求和文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研結(jié)果，在開始撰寫論文之前寫出開題報(bào)告。
2、參考文獻(xiàn)按下列格式（A為期刊，B為專著）
A：[序號(hào)]、作者（外文姓前名后，名縮寫，不加縮寫點(diǎn)，3人以上作者只寫前3人，后用“等”代替。）、題名、期刊名（外文可縮寫，不加縮寫點(diǎn)）年份、卷號(hào)（期號(hào)）：起止頁(yè)碼。
B：[序號(hào)]、作者、書名、版次、（初版不寫）、出版地、出版單位、出版時(shí)間、頁(yè)碼。
3、表中各項(xiàng)可加附頁(yè)。
3
The Stereo Garage
1.1 An overview of the stereo garage
Vehicles parked nowhere is the problem of the urban social, economic and transport development to a certain extent the result, Garage Equipment development in foreign countries, especially in Japan nearly 30-40 years. Whether technically or in terms of experience had been a success. China is also in the beginning of the 1990s developed mechanical parking equipment, which was 10 years in the past. Because a lot of new residents in the district with the ratio of 1:1. To address the size of parking spaces for tenants and business areas contradictions 3D mechanical parking equipment with an average size of a small motorcycle's unique characteristics, the majority of users have been accepted.
Compared with the traditional natural underground garage, Machinery garage demonstrates its superiority in many respects. First, the mechanical garage has a prominent section of superiority. Past due to the underground garage must elapse enough lanes, the average car will occupy an area of 40 square meters, If the use of double-mechanical garage, which would enable ground to improve the utilization rate of around 80% to 90%, If using ground multi-storey (21 storeys), three-dimensional garage, 50 square meters of land area will be placed on the 40 cars, which can greatly save the limited land resources, Civil and save development costs.
To underground garage, Mechanical garage can be more effective to ensure personal and vehicle safety in the garage or car kept prospective location, the entire electronic control equipment would not operate. It should be said that the mechanical garage from the management can do a thorough separation of people and vehicles.
In the underground garage using mechanical parking, it also can remove the heating ventilation; therefore, Operation of the power consumption than workers in the management of underground garage is much lower. Mechanical garage don't usually do complete system, but as a single machine containers. This will give full play to its small space, the advantages of decentralized, Each of the residential areas or groups downstairs to make a complete circuit can be set up random mechanical parking building. This garage of the district can solve the shortage of parking difficulty in providing convenient conditions right now.
Currently, three-dimensional garage mainly in the following forms: lifting and transferring, aisle stacking garage, vertical garage, vertical cycle, box-level cycle, the level of circulating round.
1.1.1 Lifting and transferring
Lifting and transferring Garage modular design, each module can be designed into two, three, four levels, the five-story, semi-submerged in various forms, such as the number of parking spaces from a few to hundreds. Three-dimensional garage applies to the ground and underground car parks, configuration flexibility and cost is low.
1. Product features:
1) Save land, the configuration flexibility, and shorter construction period.
2) Low prices, firefighting and exterior decoration, with a total investment on small foundations.
3) Use automatic control, simple structure, safe and reliable.
4) Access to a quick, short waiting time.
5) Run a smooth, low noise.
6) Applies to commercial, offices, and residential quarters supporting the use of car parks.
2. Safety devices: anti-dropping device, a photoelectric sensor, spacing protectors, emergency stop switch.
1.1.2 Aisle stacking garage
Aisle stacking garage used as a stacking machine tool access vehicles. All vehicles are stacking machine access, so the technical requirements for stacker higher, a single stacker cost is higher. So aisle stacking apply to the parking garage needs a few more customers.
1.1.3 Vertical Garage
Vertical Garage Elevator similar to the principle that both sides of the hoist layout spaces. Generally need a ground vehicle rotary tables can be saved by the driver away. Vertical Garage generally higher high (tens of meters), safety equipment, Installation precision machining requirements are very high, high cost, but has the smallest area.
1.1.4 Vertical cycle
Product features:
1) covers an area of small; two berths area can stop 6-10 vehicles.
2) The decoration can be added only roof, fire hydrants available.
3) Low prices, foundation, external decoration, fire and other small investment, short construction periods.
4) Use automatic control, safe and reliable operation.
2.2.1 The stereo garage automatic control system
The modern large-scale building mainstream is intelligent mansion and community. So, automated parking equipment or garage automatic control system will become intelligent mansion and an important part of community. Simple, fast, easy to use, safe, reliable, and less maintenance, to provide users with a safe, easy to use environment, This is auto-parking feature of the basic equipment. All parking equipment operating conditions, vehicles parked in time, vehicle storage Malaysia, garage storage capacity. Vehicles kept high and low peaks, and other information can be transmitted through the network of intelligent control center through intelligent control center operator, and the broadcasting system and the management office of the Division linked related to early release control, management information, thus achieving all the intelligent management. Building and the Community through the intelligent control of the center could also associate with social networking functions. Information released to the collection coming out or expands utilization of the garage social and economic benefits. This will be the automation of the development direction of the garage.
Solid Garage automation control system include the following five major subsystems: automatic toll collection management system automatic access systems for remote diagnosis system, automatic Gate, control security system.
Subsystems are more unified control of the central control room, for customers planning Garage form of management, Published garage inventory capacity, traffic control program.
2.1.1 Automatic Toll Management System
Automatic charge adopts contactless IC card. IC card points long-term card and the stored-card. For fixed users, the issue of long-term cards, the cost of fixed users pays management fees paid together; on the temporary users, issue stored-value cards, namely: the user fees paid cards exist within each parking card reader automatically deducted from the cost.
2.1.2 Automatic vehicle access system
Automatic vehicle access system is generally controlled by small PLC. Including the identification card number and mobile disc contains two cars process. Users enter the garage at the entrance to Swiping cards, reader data automatically transmitted to the PLC control system, PLC system through the judgment card number and automatically set the corresponding site mobile trucks and vehicles to the handover location, the garage door opened, shorten the time access to cars. Truck drivers light signals in accordance with the guidelines created only when vehicles parked in a safe location, parking will be normal light-on. Access car after the completion of the garage doors shut down automatically. Mobile site contains car, the system in strict accordance with the various signal detection mobile state, including long signal detection, Detection in place, the position detection limit, officers hit detection, emergency stop signal detection. If cars are running plate is not in place or vehicle length in excess of the permitted length of the garage, all vehicles disc will contain no action, If detected emergency stop signal to stop all action until the emergency stop signal disappeared. Above signals are hardware signals, in addition, the software can also be installed to control signal protection, such as the protection of the time, to ensure that the damage due to hardware failure to signal equipment and the main guarantee for the safety of vehicles.
2.1.3 Remote diagnosis system
Controllers can spot card, hubs and other network equipment and control center connected to the LAN, MODEN through remote management, monitoring the operation of the scene, when the scene failure, in the control center can be addressed to facilitate the management, e-office security personnel.
2.1.4 Automatic Gate
In the garage entrance of the no-contact reader, and the Gate of coil users in the garage entrances Swiping cards, the system automatically discriminates validity of the card, if valid, the Gate open automatically, through induction coils, Automatic self-closing fence; If invalid, the Gate is not open, and sound and light alarm.
2.1.5 Monitoring security system
Monitoring security system is in the central control room for monitoring and controlling the operation of the garage scene conditions. It has motion detection, license plate recognition, network connections, different types of alarm systems linkage, and other functions, can be achieved unguarded.
System catalog:
Video monitoring function : the garage entrances, and the duty, the main segments within the garage installation focusing cameras, On the larger spaces installation spherical platforms, in order to achieve all-round garage on real-time monitoring. If the garage light conditions of the poor would use black-and-white cameras.
Motion Detection functions: setting up the night in the garage of motion detection region, detecting when there are a moving target, Motion Detection and Alarm function remind staffs.
LPR functions: it can set up the garage light vehicle license plates, vehicle. When the light vehicles entering the garage regional surveillance, the system automatically cross-referenced with images of a very odd situation, issued a warning signal and automatic switching and record their images.
Alarm linkage functions: all can move even the police mainframe, if activated relay acousto-optic warning issued notice of security personnel to voluntarily disarm gate interception of vehicular access.
Digital video functions : it with a continuous record of what happened in the garage, can be synchronized intervals over images arbitrary choice of the overall image to enlarge and local amplification, recording, playback, backup can be conducted all kinds of information.
Reportedly, has begun an increasing number of residential quarters began to use a mechanical garage. Taking into account the cost and maintenance, the majority of the district is a multi-storey lifting and transferring parking equipment, mass storage mechanical garage also rarely. Lifting and transferring Garage Equipment parking flow indicate the following:
1、The sense of light yellow instructions garage operation
Red lamp was ongoing operating instructions, please wait; Green light is currently no operating instructions, can operate; yellow light instructions were to fail, the garage can not work.
2、The operation
Drivers of vehicles enter from the garage entrance. At the entrance of non-contact sensors Reader former regional shaken following their IC cards, induction process completed, the fence automatically rises driver drove into the garage. The fence shut down automatically after vehicles entering. Card is the controller to read spaces, corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location, Automatic garage door open units. Car drivers entering and parking in place, Latin hand brake, alighted out of the garage, using IC cards in the garage exit Huang about IC cards Garage door modules to shut down automatically. Completed deposit truck operators.
3、Collect the car operation
Drivers entering the garage at the entrance to the non-contact sensors Reader former regional shaken following their IC cards Controller automatically read spaces, corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location, Automatic garage door open modules, drivers entering the garage and drive out, in the garage exit of the automatic reader before induction regional dazzle your own IC cards, sensors finished, the reader receive information, Host controller automatically recorded, prepaid, automatically raising the fence, the driver drove the playing field, appeared after fencing to shut down automatically. Meanwhile, Controller automatically read spaces, corresponding to the garage door unit shut down automatically. Vehicle operation finished.
The garage has a complete self-protection device in the course of operation. A series of photoelectric switches, proximity switches, trip switches and other vehicles on site contains accurate operation in place to play a decisive role; falling unique defense installations, broken rope warning device, speeding vehicle protection device to protect the security role played. Detection of long vehicles, vehicle parking is not in place detection, and personnel into a detection signal of vehicles and the safety play a decisive role.
立體車庫(kù)
1.1 立體車庫(kù)概述
車輛無(wú)處停放的問題是城市的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、交通發(fā)展到一定程度產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，立體停車設(shè)備的發(fā)展在國(guó)外，尤其在日本已有近3040年的歷史，無(wú)論在技術(shù)上還是在經(jīng)驗(yàn)上均已獲得了成功。我國(guó)也于90年代初開始研究開發(fā)機(jī)械立體停車設(shè)備，距今已有十年的歷程。由于很多新建小區(qū)內(nèi)住戶與車位的配比為1:1，為了解決停車位占地面積與住戶商用面積的矛盾，立體機(jī)械停車設(shè)備以其平均單車占地面積小的獨(dú)特特性，已被廣大用戶接受。
機(jī)械車庫(kù)與傳統(tǒng)的自然地下車庫(kù)相比，在許多方面都顯示出優(yōu)越性。首先，機(jī)械車庫(kù)具有突出的節(jié)地優(yōu)勢(shì)。以往的地下車庫(kù)由于要留出足夠的行車通道，平均一輛車就要占據(jù)40平方米的面積，而如果采用雙層機(jī)械車庫(kù)，可使地面的使用率提高80％—90％，如果采用地上多層（21層）立體式車庫(kù)的話，50平方米的土地面積上便可存放40輛車，這可以大大地節(jié)省有限的土地資源，并節(jié)省土建開發(fā)成本。
機(jī)械車庫(kù)與地下車庫(kù)相比可更加有效地保證人身和車輛的安全，人在車庫(kù)內(nèi)或車不停準(zhǔn)位置，由電子控制的整個(gè)設(shè)備便不會(huì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。應(yīng)該說(shuō)，機(jī)械車庫(kù)從管理上可以做到徹底的人車分流。
在地下車庫(kù)中采用機(jī)械存車，還可以免除采暖通風(fēng)設(shè)施，因此，運(yùn)行中的耗電量比工人管理的地下車庫(kù)低得多。機(jī)械車庫(kù)一般不做成套系統(tǒng)，而是以單臺(tái)集裝而成。這樣可以充分發(fā)揮其用地少、可化整為零的優(yōu)勢(shì)，在住宅區(qū)的每個(gè)組團(tuán)中或每棟樓下都可以隨機(jī)設(shè)立機(jī)械停車樓。這對(duì)眼下車庫(kù)短缺的小區(qū)解決停車難的問題提供了方便條件。
目前，立體車庫(kù)主要有以下幾種形式：升降橫移式、巷道堆垛式、垂直提升式、垂直循環(huán)式、箱型水平循環(huán)式、圓形水平循環(huán)式。
1.1.1 升降橫移式
升降橫移式立體車庫(kù)采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，每單元可設(shè)計(jì)成兩層、三層、四層、五層、半地下等多種形式，車位數(shù)從幾個(gè)到上百個(gè)。此立體車庫(kù)適用于地面及地下停車場(chǎng)，配置靈活，造價(jià)較低。
1. 產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn)：
1) 節(jié)省占地，配置靈活，建設(shè)周期短。
2) 價(jià)格低，消防、外裝修、土建地基等投資少。
3) 可采用自動(dòng)控制，構(gòu)造簡(jiǎn)單，安全可靠。
4) 存取車迅速，等候時(shí)間短。
5) 運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)，工作噪聲低。
6) 適用于商業(yè)、機(jī)關(guān)、住宅小區(qū)配套停車場(chǎng)的使用。
2. 安全裝置：防墜裝置，光電傳感器、限位保護(hù)器、急停開關(guān)等。
1.1.2 巷道堆垛式
巷道堆垛式立體車庫(kù)采用堆垛機(jī)作為存取車輛的工具，所有車輛均由堆垛機(jī)進(jìn)行存取，因此對(duì)堆垛機(jī)的技術(shù)要求較高，單臺(tái)堆垛機(jī)成本較高，所以巷道堆垛式立體車庫(kù)適用于車位數(shù)需要較多的客戶使用。
1.1.3 垂直提升式立體車庫(kù)
垂直提升式立體車庫(kù)類似于電梯的工作原理，在提升機(jī)的兩側(cè)布置車位，一般地面需一個(gè)汽車旋轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)，可省去司機(jī)調(diào)頭。垂直提升式立體車庫(kù)一般高度較高（幾十米），對(duì)設(shè)備的安全性，加工安裝精度等要求都很高，因此造價(jià)較高，但占地卻最小。
1.1.4 垂直循環(huán)式
產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn)：
1) 占地少，兩個(gè)泊位面積可停610輛車。
2) 外裝修可只加頂棚，消防可利用消防栓。
3) 價(jià)格低，地基、外裝修、消防等投資少，建設(shè)周期短。
4) 可采用自動(dòng)控制，運(yùn)行安全可靠。
2.1立體車庫(kù)自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)
現(xiàn)代大型建筑的主流是智能化大廈和小區(qū)，因此自動(dòng)化立體停車設(shè)備或車庫(kù)的自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)將成為智能化大廈和小區(qū)的一個(gè)重要組成部分。操作簡(jiǎn)單、迅速，使用方便，安全可靠，維護(hù)量小，為用戶提供一個(gè)安全、簡(jiǎn)易的使用環(huán)境，這是自動(dòng)化立體停車設(shè)備的基本特點(diǎn)。停車設(shè)備的一切運(yùn)行狀況，車輛停放的時(shí)間，車輛存放交費(fèi)情況，車庫(kù)庫(kù)容量，車輛存放高、低峰情況，等信息均可通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳送到智能化控制中心，通過智能化控制中心運(yùn)算處理，與廣播系統(tǒng)和各分部管理辦公室相連，達(dá)到提前發(fā)布相關(guān)控制、管理信息，從而全部實(shí)現(xiàn)智能化管理。通過大廈和小區(qū)的智能化控制中心還可與社會(huì)相關(guān)職能部門聯(lián)網(wǎng)，將有關(guān)信息發(fā)布出去或收集進(jìn)來(lái)，擴(kuò)大車庫(kù)的社會(huì)利用率和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。這將是自動(dòng)化車庫(kù)的發(fā)展方向。
立體車庫(kù)自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)主要包含以下五個(gè)子系統(tǒng)：自動(dòng)收費(fèi)管理系統(tǒng)，自動(dòng)存取車系統(tǒng)，遠(yuǎn)程診斷系統(tǒng)，自動(dòng)道閘， 監(jiān)控安保系統(tǒng)。
以上子系統(tǒng)均由中央控制室統(tǒng)一控制，可為客戶規(guī)劃停車庫(kù)管理形式，發(fā)布車庫(kù)庫(kù)存容量，控制車流方案。
2.1.1自動(dòng)收費(fèi)管理系統(tǒng)
自動(dòng)收費(fèi)采用非接觸式IC卡。IC卡分長(zhǎng)期卡與儲(chǔ)值卡兩種。對(duì)固定用戶，發(fā)行長(zhǎng)期卡，費(fèi)用可在固定用戶交納管理費(fèi)用時(shí)一并交納；對(duì)臨時(shí)用戶，發(fā)行儲(chǔ)值卡，即：用戶交納的費(fèi)用存在卡內(nèi)，每次停車讀卡自動(dòng)從卡中扣除費(fèi)用。
2.1.2 自動(dòng)存取車系統(tǒng)
自動(dòng)存取車系統(tǒng)一般由小型可編程控制器PLC控制，包括卡號(hào)識(shí)別與移動(dòng)載車板兩個(gè)過程。用戶進(jìn)入車庫(kù)時(shí)，在門口刷卡進(jìn)入，讀卡機(jī)自動(dòng)把數(shù)據(jù)傳送到PLC控制系統(tǒng)，PLC系統(tǒng)通過判斷卡號(hào)，自動(dòng)把對(duì)應(yīng)的載車盤移動(dòng)到人車交接的位置，開啟車庫(kù)門，縮短存取車的時(shí)間。存車時(shí)，司機(jī)按照指示燈信號(hào)指引入庫(kù)，只有當(dāng)車輛停放在安全位置后，停車正常指示燈才會(huì)亮啟。存取車完成后，車庫(kù)門自動(dòng)關(guān)閉。移動(dòng)載車盤時(shí)，系統(tǒng)嚴(yán)格按照各種檢測(cè)信號(hào)的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行移動(dòng)，檢測(cè)信號(hào)包括超長(zhǎng)檢測(cè)、到位檢測(cè)、極限位置檢測(cè)、人員誤入檢測(cè)、急停信號(hào)檢測(cè)等。若有載車板運(yùn)行不到位或車輛長(zhǎng)度超出車庫(kù)允許的長(zhǎng)度，所有載車盤將不進(jìn)行動(dòng)作，若檢測(cè)到急停信號(hào)，將停止一切動(dòng)作，直至急停信號(hào)消失。以上信號(hào)均為硬件信號(hào)，除此之外，還可從控制軟件中設(shè)置保護(hù)信號(hào)，比如時(shí)間保護(hù)，以保證因硬件損壞而導(dǎo)致信號(hào)失靈時(shí)保證主體設(shè)備及車輛的安全。
2.1.3遠(yuǎn)程診斷系統(tǒng)
現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制器可以通過網(wǎng)卡、Hub等網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備與控制中心的局域網(wǎng)相連接，可以通過MODEN實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程管理，監(jiān)測(cè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)運(yùn)行情況，當(dāng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)，在控制中心即可進(jìn)行解決，方便管理人員、安保人員異地辦公。
2.1.4自動(dòng)道閘
在車庫(kù)出入口處各設(shè)非接觸式讀卡器、感應(yīng)線圈及道閘，用戶在車庫(kù)出入口處刷卡后，系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)判別該卡是否有效，若有效，則道閘自動(dòng)開啟，通過感應(yīng)線圈后，自動(dòng)?xùn)艡谧詣?dòng)關(guān)閉；若無(wú)效，則道閘不開啟，同時(shí)聲光報(bào)警。
2.1.5監(jiān)控安保系統(tǒng)
監(jiān)控安保系統(tǒng)是指在中央控制室進(jìn)行監(jiān)視控制車庫(kù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的運(yùn)行狀況。它具有運(yùn)動(dòng)檢測(cè)、車牌識(shí)別、網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接、各種類型的報(bào)警系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)連動(dòng)等功能，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)人看守。
系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介：
視頻監(jiān)控功能：在車庫(kù)各出入口，值班室和車庫(kù)內(nèi)主要區(qū)段安裝定焦攝像機(jī)，在大范圍車位區(qū)安裝球形云臺(tái)，以便實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)車庫(kù)全方位的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控。如果在車庫(kù)光照條件不好的情況下，可選用黑白攝像機(jī)。
運(yùn)動(dòng)檢測(cè)功能：可以在夜間設(shè)置車庫(kù)的運(yùn)動(dòng)檢測(cè)區(qū)域，當(dāng)檢測(cè)區(qū)有移動(dòng)目標(biāo)時(shí)，運(yùn)動(dòng)檢測(cè)功能發(fā)出報(bào)警信號(hào)，提醒值班人員。
車牌識(shí)別功能：它能夠設(shè)置車庫(kù)參照車輛的車牌、車型。當(dāng)參照車輛進(jìn)入車庫(kù)監(jiān)視區(qū)域，系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)對(duì)比參照車輛圖像，有異常情況，發(fā)出報(bào)警信號(hào)，并自動(dòng)切換和記錄相關(guān)圖像。
報(bào)警連動(dòng)功能：可以連動(dòng)各類報(bào)警主機(jī)，如啟動(dòng)繼電器發(fā)出聲光報(bào)警通知安保人員自動(dòng)放下道閘攔截車輛出入。
數(shù)字錄像功能：可以連續(xù)記錄一個(gè)同在車庫(kù)所發(fā)生事件，可以同步回放多個(gè)圖像，可選擇任意圖像進(jìn)行整體放大和局部放大，記錄、回放、備份可同步進(jìn)行各種信息。
據(jù)介紹，已經(jīng)開始有越來(lái)越多的居住小區(qū)開始采用機(jī)械停車庫(kù)了。考慮到成本及維修，目前多數(shù)小區(qū)采用的是多層升降橫移式立體停車設(shè)備，大規(guī)模的倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)式機(jī)械停車庫(kù)還很少。升降橫移式立體停車設(shè)備的泊車流程示意如下：
1、紅綠黃指示燈指示車庫(kù)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)
紅色指示燈指示有人正在進(jìn)行操作，請(qǐng)稍候；綠色指示燈指示目前無(wú)人操作，可進(jìn)行操作；黃色指示燈指示有故障發(fā)生，車庫(kù)不能工作。
2、存車操作
司機(jī)駕駛車輛從車庫(kù)入口進(jìn)入。在入口處的非接觸式讀卡機(jī)前感應(yīng)區(qū)域晃以下自己的IC卡，感應(yīng)過程完畢，柵欄自動(dòng)升起，司機(jī)開車進(jìn)入車庫(kù)。車輛進(jìn)入后，柵欄自動(dòng)關(guān)閉。劃卡的同時(shí)，控制器讀取車位號(hào)，車庫(kù)內(nèi)對(duì)應(yīng)的載車盤自動(dòng)移動(dòng)到人車交接的位置，車庫(kù)單元門自動(dòng)打開。司機(jī)開車進(jìn)入，停車到位，拉手剎，下車走出車庫(kù)，用IC卡在車庫(kù)出口處晃一下IC卡，車庫(kù)單元門自動(dòng)關(guān)閉。完成存車操作
3、取車操作
司機(jī)進(jìn)入車庫(kù)時(shí)，在入口處的非接觸式讀卡機(jī)前感應(yīng)區(qū)域晃以下自己的IC卡，控制器自動(dòng)讀取車位號(hào)，車庫(kù)內(nèi)對(duì)應(yīng)的載車盤自動(dòng)移動(dòng)到人車交接的位置，車庫(kù)單元門自動(dòng)打開，司機(jī)進(jìn)入車庫(kù)，開車出來(lái)，在車庫(kù)出口處的自動(dòng)讀卡機(jī)前感應(yīng)區(qū)域晃一下自己的IC卡，感應(yīng)完畢，讀卡機(jī)接受信息，上位控制機(jī)自動(dòng)記錄、扣費(fèi)，柵欄自動(dòng)升起，司機(jī)開車出場(chǎng)，出場(chǎng)后，柵欄自動(dòng)關(guān)閉；同時(shí)，控制器自動(dòng)讀取車位號(hào)，對(duì)應(yīng)的車庫(kù)單元門自動(dòng)關(guān)閉。取車操作完畢。
車庫(kù)在運(yùn)行過程中，有完備的自我保護(hù)裝置。一系列光電開關(guān)、接近開關(guān)、行程開關(guān)等對(duì)載車板準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)行到位起著決定性的作用；獨(dú)特的防墜落裝置、斷繩報(bào)警裝置、超速保護(hù)裝置對(duì)車輛的安全起到保護(hù)作用。 車輛超長(zhǎng)檢測(cè)、車輛停車不到位檢測(cè)、以及人員誤入檢測(cè)等信號(hào)對(duì)車輛及人員的安全起著決定性的作用。
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