研究生英語綜合教程Unit-答案 1ppt課件.ppt

高等院校研究生英語系列教材 綜合教程（上） INTEGRATED COURSE 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Planning your future career 2 Content Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final Project 3 Task 1 Step One Work together with your partner and fill in the table with the attributes that you think make a good employer and a good employee on page 2. Starting outTask 1 4 Reference: A good employee Common to both A good employer a strong sense of responsibility good health good verbal skills loyalty to and respect for employers being intelligent and creative decisiveness being diligent a sense of humor assertiveness being obedient great communication skills good ability of financial management cooperativeness good ability in dealing with interpersonal relationships Starting outTask 1 5 Step Two Choose the most important three attributes for people in each role, and give your reasons. Reference: employee: good health, cooperativeness employer: good health, great communicative skills, *Good health is the foundation for career development, whatever role one plays. For an employee, cooperativeness ensures the smooth progress of a work project, since many projects involve the cooperation of many workers. As an employer, he must be good at Communicating with different people, which is the guarantee of a pleasant interpersonal relationship in his business, along with the successful building up of the social network. Starting outTask 1 6 Step Three Based on your work done in the previous two steps, tell each other what you would like to be after graduation, an employer or an employee? Give reasons for your choice. Words or phrases for your reference: run a business, in possession of business, be tolerant of be considerate of , ambitious, a sense of achievement manage, endure, confident, good-tempered, cooperative open-minded, punctual, positive, flexible, generous Starting outTask 1 7 Task 2 Read the four cases of job hopping on page 2 and judge whether they are beneficial or disadvantageous to the persons concerned. Starting outTask 2 8 Task 3 Read the following two pieces of parental advice on page 3 and discuss with your partner which one you would follow. Starting out 9 1. Whatever you decide to do with your life, make sure its something practical. You will want to be able to make a good living for yourself and your family. 2. We dont care what you set out to study; just make sure its something you enjoy. Starting outTask 3 10 Job market in US This years college graduates in US are faced with a hard test of job market . Listen carefully to a report on the high unemployment rate for American youth this summer and do the following exercise: Starting out 11 Starting out Exercise Directions: Based on the report youve just heard, tell whether the following statements are True or False, make corrections if they are false. 1. The unemployment rate of people at 20 to 42 age bracket in May was 14.7%, five tenths percentage points lower than the national rate . 2. According to NACE, employment situation in 2007 was more optimistic, with more college graduates finding jobs and with a higher starting pay than in this year. 3. Taking an internship program is an effective way to catch public attention. 4. Job market predictions tells that in the next 8 years graduates with a degree in biomedical engineering are promising to secure a good job. 5. Sarah Kramer found a job with a major IT company in Washington, after applying to about a hundred and fifteen jobs and going on fifty interviews. 12 1. The unemployment rate of people at 20 to 42 age bracket in May was 14.7%, five tenths percentage points lower than the national rate . Correction: The unemployment rate of people at 20 to 24 age bracket in May was 14.7%, five percentage points higher than the national rate. 2. According to NACE, employment situation in 2007 was more optimistic, with more college graduates finding jobs and with a higher starting pay than in this year. Starting out F T Exercise Directions: Based on the report youve just heard, tell whether the following statements are True or False, make corrections if they are false. 13 3. Taking an internship program is an effective way to catch public attention. Correction: Taking an internship program is an effective way to get noticed , and then a job. 4. Job market predictions tells that in the next 8 years graduates with a degree in biomedical engineering are promising to secure a good job. 5. Sarah Kramer found a job with a major IT company in Washington, after applying to about a hundred and fifteen jobs and going on fifty interviews. Correction: Sarah Kramer found a job with a major consulting company in Washington, after applying to about a hundred and fifty jobs and going on fifteen interviews. Starting out F F T 14 Audio script Job Marketan Extra Hard Test for New College Graduates 10 June 2010 This is the VOA Special English Economics Report. June means one more big test for many students finishing college - a test of the job market. Wish them luck. Americans age twenty to twenty-four faced an unemployment rate in May of fourteen and seven-tenths percent. That was five percentage points higher than the national rate. This week, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said his best guess is for a continued economic recovery. But the central bank chief expects unemployment to remain high for some time because of slow job creation. So where does that leave this years graduates? Starting out 15 Audio script The National Association of Colleges and Employers says about one-fourth of those who applied for a job have found one. NACE says that is up a little from last year. But the number is down sharply from two thousand seven, the year before the financial crash. Starting pay is also down. Josh Safran graduated from American University in Washington with a business degree. He is still looking for a job. (JOSH SAFRAN) Once you get noticed by a company, it gets a lot easier, but its so hard to get noticed because theres so many people looking for so few jobs. One way to get noticed is through an internship program, says Reuben Smith-Vaughn, another graduate of American University. Starting out 16 Audio script (REUBEN SMITH-VAUGHN) I know I personally got my job that way. And the people that worked there before me got their jobs that way. So I think its a key when getting a job. Internships may offer little or no money. Some students even pay for them. But NACE says ninety-two percent of the employers it asked had plans to hire interns this year. The Occupational Outlook Handbook published by the Labor Department offers job market predictions through twenty eighteen. The highest growth is expected in biomedical engineering. Twenty-two year old Sarah Kramer just got her degree in biomedical engineering from Columbia University in New York. She found a job with a major consulting company in Washington. But her search was not easy. Starting out 17 Audio script (SARAH KRAMER) I started in August before my senior year. And I set up appointments with career services. I applied to about a hundred and fifty jobs. I went on maybe fifteen interviews. Ms. Kramer says many of her friends have not found jobs. Many have chosen to go to graduate school instead. But she has suggestions for students entering their final year of college who want a job when they graduate. (SARAH KRAMER) Well, advice for a rising senior is to start early. Take advantage of your career services at your school as much as you can. And dont give up, and just keep applying to as many jobs as you can. Starting out 18 Starting out Audio script Josh Safran says he may have to do what a growing number of recent college graduates are doing. (JOSH SAFRAN) Worst-case scenario, if I dont find a job by the end of August, I move back with my parents. 19 Traits of the Key Players Reading Focus 20 Global Understanding 2 Detailed Information 3 Critical Thinking 4 Language Points 5 Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action 6 Viewing 1 21 Watch a movie clip from a movie The Pursuit of Happiness, then work on the following questions: 1.What do you think about Chris Gardner? 2.Would you hire Chris Gardner if you were the boss? Viewing Click the picture 22 Introduction Paras. 1-3 Reading MoreGlobal Understanding Traits of key players Paras. 4-12 23 Introduction Question A: _? Answer: Key player refers to _ _. Question B: _? Answer: Companies recruit their staff either by _, or _ _ Reading Focus Global Understanding What does the term key players refer to a handful of staff you can count on in a given area of expertise to get the job done How do companies recruit key players hiring key players from another company from newbies who seem to have the same traits as those top people. 24 A. Importance of the trait: According to John Fetzer, _ _. B. Ways of developing the trait: a. _ _. b. _ _. c. _ _ as a person who fosters and initiates collaborationsand make sure _ _. Trait 1: The selfless collaborator one cant succeed in an industry environment without the mindset of being collaborative and selfless Working together with scientists from other labs and disciplines in pursuit of a common goal A liberal use of the pronoun we and not just I, when describing your accomplishments To develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with this quality gets mentioned by those who will take those reference phone calls Reading Focus Global Understanding 25 Importance of the trait: According to Don Haut, _ _ _ _ _. Reading Focus Global Understanding Trait 2: A sense of urgency one way that companies win the competition that happens 24/7/365 is to get there faster. This trait is a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their own conviction 26 Trait 3: Risk tolerance Importance of the trait: A. _. Supporting evidence: a. _. b. _. B. _ _. Supporting evidence: a. _ _. b. What Don Haut says. Being OK with risk is something that industry demands Quotation from one of the clients in a job description What Don Haut says Failure is important because it shows you were not afraid to take chances Companies consistently look for candidates who can be wrong and admit it Reading Focus Global Understanding 27 Trait 4: Strength in interpersonal relationships Importance of the trait: A. _ _. Supporting evidence: According to Rick Leach, _ _. B. It would be a mistake to assume that _ _. Supporting evidence: _ _ _. For people in business roles, interpersonal abilities make the difference between success and failure working for a business requires people skills. strong people skills are required only for business people The key players who succeed in their work at the bench in industry environment in great measure depends on their ability to work with a broad variety of personalities Reading Focus Global Understanding 28 Task 2 Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text. (P12) Key: 1 2 3 4 5 2 6 7 8 9 10 Reading Focus Detailed Information B A D B D B C B B B 29 Critical Thinking Reading Focus 30 Step One The following short paragraphs are taken from the text. Read each of them carefully and give your comments. 1. Its teamwork, says Fetzer. The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out. You just cant succeed in industry without this mindset. 2. For my organization, a candidate needs to be comfortable discussing his or her failures, and he or she needs to have real failures, not something made up for interview day. If not, that person has not taken enough risk. says Haut. Reading FocusCritical Thinking 31 Step Two Discuss in groups the following questions. 1. Suppose you were a recruiting manager, whom would you like to hire, key players from other companies or newbies who have just graduated from universities? Give your reasons. 2. According to the four traits of a key player that the author writes about, where would you like to work after graduation, in academia or industry? Tell each other both the advantages and disadvantages of working in these two different environments. Reading FocusCritical Thinking 32 1. Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. (Para. 1) staff: (n.) the group of people who work for an organization e.g. There is a good relationship between staff and pupils at the school. 以 staff 做主語的句子，謂語動詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以用復(fù) 數(shù) e.g. The staff has been cut by a quarter over the past year. The staff are not very happy about the latest pay increase. Reading Focus Language Point 33 be on the staff of: be a member of e.g. He is on the editorial staff of the New York Times. staff (v.) 1. provide with staff e.g. 2. How may employees will it take to staff this resort? We have not enough money to staff all our schools. 2. serve on the staff of e.g. Most of our offices are staffed by volunteers. Reading Focus Language Point 34 expertise (n.) special skill or knowledge e.g. A foreign coach has special knowledge and expertise. We are amazed at his expertise on the ski slope. 辨析 expertise (n.) 和 expert (n.; adj.) My mother is an _ at dress-making. I thought your handling of the situation was _. Mary has considerable _ in French history. expertise expert expert Reading Focus Language Point 35 2. We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. (Para. 2) Paraphrase: We evaluate them by the standard traits our key players show to us. hold sb./sth. up to: subject sb/sth. to sth. unpleasant, such as test, mockery etc. e.g. A critic often holds up a book to ridicule or contempt. 批評家經(jīng)常對某本書加以嘲笑和蔑視。 Reading Focus Language Point 36 3. It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between academia and industry. (Para. 4) deserve: (v.) be worthy of e.g. You deserve a promotion after all the hard work you have done. I think they deserve to be congratulated. Reading Focus Language Point 37 single Used before the superlative most emphasizes that this is the most public difference between academia and industry e.g.: The Middle East is the worlds single most important source of oil. Cigarette smoking is the single most likely cause of lung cancer. 38 Reading Focus Language Point 4.The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out. (Para. 4) The sentence means: Compared with academia, the business environment requires less capability in doing individual research and there are less competitions among individual workers, so people or behaviors showing the traits of being collaborative and selfless are easily recognized. 39 lone wolf: someone who prefers to be alone e.g. He is a lone wolf, apparently wanting no friends and seeking no man. 此處是名詞 lone wolf 當(dāng)形容詞用。 stand out: to be very noticeable e.g. We had lots of good applicants for the job, but one stood out from the rest. Reading Focus Language Point 40 Paraphrase: Many postdoctors and graduate students find it very hard to adapt themselves to this transition since they have devoted much of their life to doing independent research work and trying to do better than their peers. Translate 許多博士后和研究生 在進(jìn)行這種過渡的過程中表現(xiàn)相當(dāng) 費(fèi)力。因為生命中有那么長一段時間他們都是在扮演一 個獨立研究者的角色，并且要表現(xiàn)得比其他年輕的優(yōu)秀 人才更出色的。 Reading Focus Language Point 5. Many postdocs and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent researcher role and outshining other young stars. (Para. 5) 41 involve 1) imply, make necessary e.g. The operation involves putting a small tube into your heart. 2) implicate person in charge, crime etc. e.g. The four men were all involved in organizing and carrying out the murders. 3) include sb. or sth. in sth. or to make them take part in or feel part of it e.g. Do we need to involve someone from the computer department at this stage in our discussion? Reading Focus Language Point 42 outshine: (v.) to be better or more impressive than sb. or sth. else e.g. Several new players outshone the veterans. 動詞前綴 out主要有三種意思 : 1) doing better than e.g. She outran him. 2) being or becoming bigger, further, greater than someone or something else e.g. Shes outgrown her clothes. She outlived her brother. 3) outside or beyond something e.g. an outbuilding outlying areas Reading Focus Language Point 43 6. You can make yourself more attractive to companies by working together with scientists from other laboratories and disciplines in pursuit of a common goaland documenting the results on your rsum. (Para. 5) 介詞 詞組“ in pursuit of a common goal當(dāng)狀語，相當(dāng)于 during the process of pursuing a common goal. and documenting the results on your rsum. 意為“并且 為你的個人履歷上的內(nèi)容提供事跡證明?！?result (n.) : the achievement of something e.g. She certainly knows how to get results. For best results, always use fresh ingredients when you are cooking. Reading Focus Language Point 44 document: (n.) a paper or set of papers with written or printed information, esp. of an official type. e.g. A document certifying ownership. I stamp the document. (v.) prove by or support with documents such as references, certificates and credentials. e.g. His interest in cricket has been well-documented by the media. Reading Focus Language Point 45 7. In a business, you need to understand the process, but you end up falling in love with the answer and then take a risk based on what you think that answer means to your business. (Para. 9) falling in love with the answer means being much interested in the answer 翻譯： 在企業(yè)里，你需要了解過程，但最終你會迷上答案， 然后根據(jù)你認(rèn)為該答案對你的企業(yè)所具有的意義來