皮帶機(jī)液壓拉緊裝置的設(shè)計(jì)【4張CAD圖紙】

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徐州工程學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書 機(jī)電工程 學(xué)院 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 專業(yè) 設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目 皮帶機(jī)液壓拉緊裝置的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 學(xué) 生 姓 名 陳娟 班 級(jí) 04機(jī)本（4） 起 止 日 期 2008.2.25-2008.6.2 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 楊根喜 教研室主任 李志 發(fā)任務(wù)書日期 2008年 2月 25 日 1.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的背景： 帶式輸送機(jī)特別是上運(yùn)機(jī)是當(dāng)代最為得力的輸送設(shè)備之一，隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,多種類型的工件傳送機(jī)廣泛的運(yùn)用于冶金、礦山、水泥、碼頭、化工、糧食等行業(yè)的各種場(chǎng)合。同時(shí)在各種場(chǎng)合對(duì)不同的工況所使用的工件傳輸機(jī)也不盡相同。拉緊裝置是煤礦井下用帶式輸送機(jī)不可缺少的重要組成部分。拉緊裝置主要有螺旋拉緊，重力式拉緊，鋼絲繩絞車式拉緊和液壓拉緊。其中液壓拉緊裝置能克服其他拉緊裝置方式的不足之處，它可以直接關(guān)系到帶式輸送機(jī)的安全運(yùn)行及使用壽命。以往煤礦井下帶式輸送機(jī)一般均采用絞車?yán)o或重錘拉緊,然而近年來(lái),人們已發(fā)現(xiàn)上述兩種拉緊裝置對(duì)帶式輸送機(jī)正常運(yùn)行均會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面問(wèn)題。所以本設(shè)計(jì)采用液壓拉緊裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)整個(gè)設(shè)備的優(yōu)化。 2.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)的內(nèi)容和要求： 內(nèi)容: 1. 皮帶機(jī)液壓拉緊系統(tǒng)原理 2. 皮帶機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，力學(xué)分析 3. 皮帶機(jī)液壓拉緊系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 4. 液壓拉緊裝置的關(guān)鍵零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 要求: 1. 說(shuō)明書要求:內(nèi)容詳實(shí)，系統(tǒng)性強(qiáng)，具有較高的綜合運(yùn)用知識(shí)的能力。 2. 圖紙要求:尺寸準(zhǔn)確，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，技術(shù)要求全面。 3.主要參考文獻(xiàn)： [1] 中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué).礦山運(yùn)輸機(jī)械. 中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，2003.1 [2] 龔湘義. 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)書. 第二版.高等教育出版社, 2004.4 [3] 路甬祥. 液壓氣動(dòng)技術(shù)手冊(cè). 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2002.1 [4] 邱宣懷.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì).第四版. 高等教育出版社, 2003.4 [5] 張利平. 液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及設(shè)計(jì).化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社, 2005.8 [6] 張鉞.新式帶式輸送機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) .冶金工業(yè)出版社，2001. 2 [7] 許福玲. 陳堯明. 液壓與氣壓傳動(dòng). 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社. 2006.5 [8] 液壓技術(shù)手冊(cè).遼寧科技出版社. 2004.5 [9] 張利平.液壓氣動(dòng)技術(shù)實(shí)用問(wèn)答. 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社.2007.9 4.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)進(jìn)度計(jì)劃(以周為單位)： 起 止 日 期 工 作 內(nèi) 容 備 注 第一周—第二周 第三周 第四周 第五周 第六周 第七周—第八周 第九周—第十周 第十一周—第十二周 第十三周 第十四周—第十五周 第十六周 調(diào)研，查資料 上運(yùn)機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的方案設(shè)計(jì) 上運(yùn)機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，力學(xué)分析 拉緊裝置液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 拉緊裝置液壓系統(tǒng)參數(shù)計(jì)算 液壓拉緊裝置的關(guān)鍵零部件的計(jì)算 液壓拉緊裝置的關(guān)鍵零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 輔助零部件的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 繪圖 繪圖，寫說(shuō)明書 答辯 教研室審查意見： 室主任 年 月 日 學(xué)院審查意見： 教學(xué)院長(zhǎng) 年 月 日 徐州工程學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告 課 題 名 稱：皮帶機(jī)液壓拉緊裝置的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 學(xué) 生 姓 名： 陳娟 學(xué)號(hào)： 06 指 導(dǎo) 教 師： 楊根喜 職稱：高級(jí)工程師 所 在 學(xué) 院： 機(jī)電工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 名 稱： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 徐州工程學(xué)院 2008年 6 月 2 日 說(shuō) 明 1．根據(jù)《徐州工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)管理規(guī)定》，學(xué)生必須撰寫《畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告》，由指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見、教研室審查，學(xué)院教學(xué)院長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)后實(shí)施。 2．開題報(bào)告是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）答辯委員會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）工作前期內(nèi)完成，開題報(bào)告不合格者不得參加答辯。 3．畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容要實(shí)事求是，逐條認(rèn)真填寫。其中的文字表達(dá)要明確、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語(yǔ)言通順，外來(lái)語(yǔ)要同時(shí)用原文和中文表達(dá)。第一次出現(xiàn)縮寫詞，須注出全稱。 4．本報(bào)告中，由學(xué)生本人撰寫的對(duì)課題和研究工作的分析及描述，沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)整理歸納，缺乏個(gè)人見解僅僅從網(wǎng)上下載材料拼湊而成的開題報(bào)告按不合格論。 5. 課題類型填：工程設(shè)計(jì)類；理論研究類；應(yīng)用（實(shí)驗(yàn)）研究類；軟件設(shè)計(jì)類；其它。 6、課題來(lái)源填：教師科研；社會(huì)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐；教學(xué)；其它 課題 名稱 皮帶機(jī)液壓拉緊裝置的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 課題來(lái)源 企業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng) 課題類型 工程設(shè)計(jì) 選題的背景及意義 帶式輸送機(jī)特別是上運(yùn)機(jī)是當(dāng)代最為得力的輸送設(shè)備之一，隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,多種類型的工件傳送機(jī)廣泛的運(yùn)用于冶金、礦山、水泥、碼頭、化工、糧食等行業(yè)的各種場(chǎng)合。同時(shí)在各種場(chǎng)合對(duì)不同的工況所使用的工件傳輸機(jī)也不盡相同。拉緊裝置是煤礦井下用帶式輸送機(jī)不可缺少的重要組成部分。拉緊裝置主要有螺旋拉緊，重力式拉緊，鋼絲繩絞車式拉緊和液壓拉緊。其中液壓拉緊裝置能克服其他拉緊裝置方式的不足之處，它可以直接關(guān)系到帶式輸送機(jī)的安全運(yùn)行及使用壽命。以往煤礦井下帶式輸送機(jī)一般均采用絞車?yán)o或重錘拉緊,然而近年來(lái),人們已發(fā)現(xiàn)上述兩種拉緊裝置對(duì)帶式輸送機(jī)正常運(yùn)行均會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面問(wèn)題。所以本設(shè)計(jì)采用液壓拉緊裝置實(shí) 現(xiàn)對(duì)整個(gè)設(shè)備的優(yōu)化。 研究?jī)?nèi)容擬解決的主要問(wèn)題 (1) 帶式輸送機(jī)在啟動(dòng)時(shí),其下分支膠帶會(huì)突然松弛伸長(zhǎng),此時(shí)拉緊裝置能及時(shí)張緊膠帶以補(bǔ)償膠帶的伸長(zhǎng)量,避免膠帶在傳動(dòng)滾筒上打滑。 (2) 煤礦井下環(huán)境惡劣,使得膠帶與傳動(dòng)滾筒之間的摩擦系數(shù)變化相差很大,加之輸送機(jī)的載荷變化也較大,所以要求拉緊裝置反應(yīng)靈敏、響應(yīng)及時(shí),工作可靠性較高且能方便地調(diào)整拉緊力。 研究方法技術(shù)路線 皮帶機(jī)液壓拉緊系統(tǒng)原理—皮帶機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)及力學(xué)計(jì)算—皮帶機(jī)液壓拉緊系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算—液壓拉緊裝置的關(guān)鍵零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 研究的總體安排和進(jìn)度計(jì)劃 第一周—第二周: 調(diào)研，查資料 第三周: 上運(yùn)機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的方案設(shè)計(jì) 第四周:上運(yùn)機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，力學(xué)分析 第五周: 拉緊裝置液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 第六周: 拉緊裝置液壓系統(tǒng)參數(shù)計(jì)算 第七周—第八周: 液壓拉緊裝置的關(guān)鍵零部件的計(jì)算 第九周—第十周: 液壓拉緊裝置的關(guān)鍵零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 第十一周—第十二周:輔助零部件的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 第十三周—第十五周: 繪圖，寫說(shuō)明書 第十六周: 答辯 主要參考 文獻(xiàn) [1] 中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué).礦山運(yùn)輸機(jī)械. 中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，2003.1 [2] 龔湘義. 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)書. 第二版.高等教育出版社, 2004.4 [3] 路甬祥. 液壓氣動(dòng)技術(shù)手冊(cè). 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2002.1 [4] 邱宣懷.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì).第四版. 高等教育出版社, 2003.4 [5] 張利平. 液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及設(shè)計(jì).化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社, 2005.8 [6] 張鉞.新式帶式輸送機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) .冶金工業(yè)出版社，2001. 2 [7] 許福玲. 陳堯明. 液壓與氣壓傳動(dòng). 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社. 2006.5 [8] 液壓技術(shù)手冊(cè).遼寧科技出版社. 2004.5 [9] 張利平.液壓氣動(dòng)技術(shù)實(shí)用問(wèn)答. 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社.2007.9 指導(dǎo)教師 意 見 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 年 月 日 教研室意見 學(xué)院意見 教研室主任簽名： 年 月 日 教學(xué)院長(zhǎng)簽名： 年 月 日 徐 州 工 程 學(xué) 院 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) (論 文 ) I 摘要 皮帶機(jī)是一種運(yùn)送物料的運(yùn)輸機(jī)械，它廣泛地被用于礦山，碼頭，工廠等各種場(chǎng)合， 但是不同的場(chǎng)合對(duì)皮帶機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)的要求是不同的，本設(shè)計(jì)是以礦山運(yùn)輸為背景，對(duì)皮帶 機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算，本設(shè)計(jì)先對(duì)皮帶機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行了力學(xué)分析。對(duì)皮 帶機(jī)的保養(yǎng)與維護(hù)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的說(shuō)明，在拉緊裝置的設(shè)計(jì)中，為了對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，彌 補(bǔ)其他拉緊裝置帶來(lái)的不足，本設(shè)計(jì)采用液壓拉緊裝置對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了拉緊，同時(shí)對(duì)其他 輔助原件也做了必要的計(jì)算和選擇。 關(guān)鍵詞 皮帶機(jī)；輸送帶；液壓拉緊 徐 州 工 程 學(xué) 院 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) (論 文 ) II Abstract Belt- machine is a kind of machine which is used to transport the goods ,it is widely used in the place of mine,dock,factory and so on ,but they request different structures in different places. This article is on the ground of mine .and it briefly devises and computes the structure of Belt- machine .first，this article analyses the driving system of Belt- machine .and then gives the brief maintenance and maintain of how to employ the belt-machine .in the design of tense equipment , in order to better the equipment and make up the deficiency of other equipments .here we chose the hydraulic system , and the same time ,this article also gives the compute and chose of others assistant elements. Keywords belt-machine conveyer belt hydraulic tension system 徐 州 工 程 學(xué) 院 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) (論 文 ) 1 目 錄 1 緒論 .1 1.1 背景介紹 .1 1.2 帶式輸送機(jī)的分類 .1 1.3 各種帶式輸送機(jī)的特點(diǎn) .1 1.4 帶式輸送機(jī)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r .2 1.5 帶式輸送機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)和布置形式 .3 1.5.1 帶式輸送機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu) .3 1.5.2 布置方式 .4 1.6 帶式輸送機(jī)拉緊裝置的設(shè)計(jì)要求 .4 1.6.1 設(shè)計(jì)方案 .4 1.6.2 主要技術(shù) 特點(diǎn) .5 1.6.3 應(yīng)用效果 .5 2 皮帶機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 .6 2.1 膠帶運(yùn)動(dòng)阻力的計(jì)算 .6 2.2 膠帶張力的計(jì)算 .7 2.3 牽引力及功率的計(jì)算 .9 2.4 皮帶機(jī)常見故障的原因及處理方法 .9 2.4.1.皮帶運(yùn)輸機(jī)皮帶跑偏的處理 .9 2.5 皮帶機(jī)的安全使用及保養(yǎng) .10 2.5.1 皮帶機(jī)的安全使用 .10 2.5.2 皮帶機(jī)的保養(yǎng) .11 3 液壓拉緊裝置的設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算 .12 3.1 拉緊裝置的類型 .12 3.2 液壓拉緊裝置的特點(diǎn) .12 3.3 液壓拉緊裝置的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .13 3.3.1 系統(tǒng)的工作原理 .13 3.3.2 參數(shù)設(shè)定及工況分析 .14 3.3.3 液壓回路設(shè)計(jì)和工作過(guò)程分析 .14 3.3.4 各元件的確定 .15 3.3.5 液壓油的確定 .16 3.3.6 液壓泵的選擇和計(jì)算 .18 3.3.7 電動(dòng)機(jī)的確定 .18 3.3.8 各種閥類的選擇 .19 3.3.9 管路的確定 .19 3.3.10 液壓系統(tǒng)中的壓力損失驗(yàn)算 .20 3.4 系統(tǒng)基本回路 .23 3.5 主要部件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及強(qiáng)度校核 .25 3.5.1 油缸后支座的設(shè)計(jì)及強(qiáng)度校核 .25 3.5.2 液壓缸活塞上的耳環(huán)的設(shè)計(jì)及強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 .26 3.5.3 銷軸類的強(qiáng)度校核及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .27 徐 州 工 程 學(xué) 院 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) (論 文 ) 2 3.5.4 聯(lián)軸器鍵的校核 .27 3.5.5 焊縫的強(qiáng)度校核 .27 3.6 液壓缸低速爬行的現(xiàn)象的原因及分析 .28 3.6.1 液壓缸低速爬行的現(xiàn)象 .28 3.6.2 液壓缸爬行現(xiàn)象的分析 .28 3.6.3 液壓缸爬行現(xiàn)象的解決辦法 .29 3.7 管接頭處泄漏的預(yù)防 .29 3.8 管路預(yù)安裝 .30 3.8.1 管路簡(jiǎn)介 .30 3.8.2 管路布置要求 .30 3.8.3 確定管子長(zhǎng)度 .30 3.8.4 管子切斷 .31 3.8.5 管子彎曲 .31 3.8.6 管子與接頭焊接 .31 3.8.7 管路安裝 .31 結(jié)論 .32 致謝 .33 參考文獻(xiàn) .34 附錄 .35 附錄 1.35 附錄 2.44徐州工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 附錄 附錄1 Numerical control technology and equiping development trend and countermeasure Equip the engineering level, level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation, spaceflight,etc. national defense industry industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Marx has ever said " the differences of different economic times, do not lie in what is produced , and lie in how to produce, produce with some means of labor ". Manufacturing technology and equiping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity, and numerical control technology is nowadays advanced manufacturing technology and equips the most central technology. Nowadays the manufacturing industry all around the world adopts numerical control technology extensively, in order to improve manufacturing capacity and level, improve the adaptive capacity and competitive power to the changeable market of the trends. In addition every industrially developed country in the world also classifies the technology and numerical control equipment of numerical control as the strategic materials of the country, not merely take the great measure to develop one's own numerical control technology and industry, and implement blockading and restrictive policy to our country in view of " high-grade, precision and advanced key technology of numerical control " and equiping. In a word, develop the advanced manufacturing technology taking numerical control technology as the core and already become every world developed country and accelerate economic development in a more cost-effective manner, important way to improve the overall national strength and national position. Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry, namely the so-called digitization is equipped, its technological range covers a lot of fields:（1）Mechanical manufacturing technology;（2）Information processing , processing , transmission technology;（3）Automatic control technology;（4）Servo drive technology;（5）Technology of the sensor ;（6）Software engineering ,etc.. Development trend of a numerical control technology The application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revolutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the application, the development of some important trades (IT , automobile , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the people's livelihood of his plays a more and more important role, because the digitization that these trades needed to equip has already been the main trend of modern development. Numerical control technology in the world at present and equiping the development trend to see, there is the following several respect [1- 4] in its main research focus. 1.A high-speed , high finish machining technology and new trend equipped The efficiency, quality are subjavanufacturing technology. High-speed, high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly , improve the quality and grade of the products, shorten production cycle and improve the market competitive power. Japan carries the technological research association first to classify it as one of the 5 great modern manufacturing technologies for this, learn (CIRP ) to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century and study one of the directions in international production engineering. In the field of car industry, produce one second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year, and many variety process it is car that equip key problem that must be solved one of; In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry, spare parts of its processing are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle, rigidity is very bad, the material is aluminium or aluminium alloy, only in a situation that cut the speed and cut strength very small high, could process these muscles , walls . Adopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy method that blank " pay empty " make the wing recently, such large-scale parts as the fuselage ,etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous rivet , screw and other connection way, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the component improved. All these, to processing and equiping the demand which has proposed high-speed, high precise and high flexibility. According to EMO2001 exhibition situation, high-speed machining center is it give speed can reach 80m/min is even high , air transport competent speed can up to 100m/min to be about to enter. A lot of automobile factories in the world at present, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country, have already adopted and substituted and made the lathe up with the production line part that the high-speed machining center makes up. HyperMach lathe of U.S.A. CINCINNATI Company enters to nearly biggest 60m/min of speed, it is 100m/min to be fast, the acceleration reaches 2g, the rotational speed of the main shaft has already reached 60000r/min. Processing a thin wall of plane parts, spend 30min only, and same part general at a high speed milling machine process and take 3h, the ordinary milling machine is being processed to need 8h; The speed and acceleration of main shaft of dual main shaft lathes of Germany DMG Company are up to 12* separately1000r/mm and 1g. In machining accuracy, the past 10 years, ordinary progression accuse of machining accuracy of lathe bring 5μm up to from 10μm already, accurate grades of machining center from 3- 5μm, rise to 1-1.5μm, and ultraprecision machining accuracy is it enter nanometer grade to begin already (0.01μm). In dependability, MTBF value of the foreign numerical control device has already reached above 6000h, MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h, demonstrate very high dependability . In order to realize high-speed, high finish machining, if the part of function related to it is electric main shaft, straight line electrical machinery get fast development, the application is expanded further. 1.2 Link and process and compound to process the fast development of the lathe in 5 axes Adopt 5 axles to link the processing of the three-dimensional curved surface part, can cut with the best geometry form of the cutter , not only highly polished, but also efficiency improves by a large margin . It is generally acknowledged, the efficiency of an 5 axle gear beds can equal 23 axle gear beds , is it wait for to use the cubic nitrogen boron the milling cutter of ultra hard material is milled and pared at a high speed while quenching the hard steel part, 5 axles link and process 3 constant axles to link and process and give play to higher benefit. Because such reasons as complicated that 5 axles link the numerical control system , host computer structure that but go over, it is several times higher that its price links the numerical control lathe than 3 axles , in addition the technological degree of difficulty of programming is relatively great, have restricted the development of 5 axle gear beds. At present because of electric appearance of main shaft, is it realize 5 axle complex main shaft hair structure processed to link greatly simplify to make, it makes degree of difficulty and reducing by a large margin of the cost, the price disparity of the numerical control system shrinks. So promoted 5 axle gear beds of head of complex main shaft and compound to process the development of the lathe (process the lathe including 5). At EMO2001 exhibition, new Japanese 5 of worker machine process lathe adopt complex main shaft hair, can realize the processing of 4 vertical planes and processing of the wanton angle , make 5 times process and 5 axles are processed and can be realized on the same lathe, can also realize the inclined plane and pour the processing of the hole of awls . Germany DMG Company exhibits the DMUVoution series machining center, but put and insert and put processing and 5 axles 5 times to link and process in once, can be controlled by CNC system or CAD/CAM is controlled directly or indirectly. 1.3 Become the main trend of systematic development of contemporary numerical control intelligently, openly , networkedlily The numerical control equipment in the 21st century will be sure the intelligent system, the intelligent content includes all respects in the numerical control system: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality, control such as the self-adaptation of the processing course, the craft parameter is produced automatically; Join the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently, if feedforward control , adaptive operation , electrical machinery of parameter , discern load select models , since exactly makes etc. automatically automatically; The ones that simplified programming , simplified operating aspect are intelligent, for instance intelligent automatic programming , intelligent man-machine interface ,etc.; There are content of intelligence diagnose , intelligent monitoring , diagnosis convenient to be systematic and maintaining ,etc.. Produce the existing problem for the industrialization of solving the traditional numerical control system sealing and numerical control application software. A lot of countries carry on research to the open numerical control system at present, such as NGC of U.S.A. (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), OSACA of European Community (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller ) of Japan, ONC (Open Numerical Control System ) of China ,etc.. The numerical control system melts to become the future way of the numerical control system open. The so-called open numerical control system is the development of the numerical control system can be on unified operation platform, face the lathe producer and end user, through changing, increasing or cutting out the structure target(numerical control function), form the seriation, and can use users specially conveniently and the technical know-how is integrated in the control system, realize the open numerical control system of different variety , different grade fast, form leading brand products with distinct distinction. System structure norm of the open numerical control system at present, communication norm , disposing norm , operation platform , numerical control systematic function storehouse and numerical control systematic function software developing ument ,etc. are the core of present research. The networked numerical control equipment is a new light spot of the fair of the internationally famous lathe in the past two years. Meeting production line , manufacture system , demand for the information integration of manufacturing company networkedly greatly of numerical control equipment, realize new manufacture mode such as quick make , fictitious enterprise , basic Entrance that the whole world make too. Some domestic and international famous numerical control lathes and systematic manufacturing companies of numerical control have all introduced relevant new concepts and protos of a machine in the past two years, if in EMO2001 exhibition, " CyberProduction Center " that the company exhibits of mountain rugged campstool gram in Japan (Mazak ) (intellectual central production control unit, abbreviated as CPC); The lathe company of Japanese big Wei (Okuma ) exhibits " IT plaza " (the information technology square , is abbreviated as IT square ); Open Manufacturing Environment that the company exhibits of German Siemens (Siemens ) (open the manufacturing environment, abbreviated as OME),etc., have reflected numerical control machine tooling to the development trend of networked direction. 1.4 Pay attention to the new technical standard, normal setting-up 1.4.1 Design the norm of developing about the numerical control system As noted previously, there are better commonability , flexibility , adaptability , expanding in the open numerical control system, such countries as U.S.A. , European Community and Japan ,etc. implement the strategic development plan one after another , carry on the research and formulation of the systematic norm (OMAC , OSACA , OSEC ) of numerical control of the open system structure, 3 biggest economies in the world have carried on the formulation that nearly the same science planned and standardized in a short time, have indicated a new arrival of period of change of numerical control technology. Our country started the research and formulation of standardizing the frame of ONC numerical control system of China too in 2000. 1.4.2 About the numerical control standard The numerical control standard is a kind of trend of information-based development of manufacturing industry. Information exchange among 50 years after numerical control technology was born was all because of ISO6983 standard, namely adopt G, M code describes how processes, its essential characteristic faces the processing course, obviously, he can't meet high-speed development of modern numerical control technology's needs more and more already. For this reason, studying and making a kind of new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC) in the world, its purpose is to offer a kind of neutral mechanism not depending on the concrete system, can describe the unified data model in cycle of whole life of the products , thus realize the whole manufacture process, standardization of and even each industrial field product information. The appearance of STEP-NC may be a revolution of the technological field of the numerical control, on the development and even the whole manufacturing industry of numerical control technology, will exert a far-reaching influence. First of all, STEP-NC puts forward a kind of brand-new manufacture idea, in the traditional manufacture idea, NC processes the procedures to all concentrate on individual computer. Under the new standard, NC procedure can be dispersed on Internet, this is exactly a direction of open, networked development of numerical control technology. Secondly, STEP-NC numerical control system can also reduce and process the drawing (about 75% ) , process the procedure to work out the time (about 35% ) and process the time (about 50% ) greatly . At present, American-European countries pay much attention to the research of STEP-NC, Europe initiates IMS plan (1999.1.1- 2001.12.3) of STEP-NC. 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC users, manufacturers and academic organizations from Europe and Japan participated in this plan. STEP Tools Company of U.S.A.is a developer of the data interchange software of manufacturing industry in the global range, he has already developed the super model (Super Model ) which accuses of information exchange of machine tooling by counting, its goal is to describe all processing courses with the unified norm. Such new data interchange form has already been verified in allocating the SIEMEN , FIDIA and European OSACA-NC numerical control at present. 2 pairs of basic estimations of technology and industry development of numerical control of our country The technology of numerical control of our country started in 1958, the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages: The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, namely closed developing stage. In this stages, because technology of foreign countries blockade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of numerical control technology is comparatively slow. During "Sixth Five-Year Plan Period " , " the Seventh Five-Year Plan Period " of the country in second stage and earlier stage in " the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period ", namely introduce technology, digest and assimilate, the stage of establishing the system of production domesticization arisesing tentatively. At this stage , because of reform and opening-up and national attention , and study the improvement of the development environment and international environment, research，development and all making considerable progress in production domesticization of the products of the technology of numerical control of our country. The third stage is and during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan Period " on the later stage in " the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period " of the country, namely implement the research of industrialization, enter market competition stage. At this stage, made substantive progress in industrialization of the domestic numerical control equipment of our country. In latter stage for "the Ninth Five-Year Plan ", the domestic occupation rate of market of the domestic numerical control lathe is up to 50%, it is up to 10% too to mix the domestic numerical control system (popular ). Make a general survey of the development course in the past 50 years of technology of numerical control of our country, especially through tackling key problems of 4 Five-Year Plans, all in all has made following achievements. a.Have establish the foundation of the technical development of numerical control, has mastered modern numerical control technology basically. Our country has already, the numerical control host computer , basic technology of special plane and fittings grasped and driven from the numerical control system and servoly basically now, among them most technology have already possessed and commercialized the foundation developed , some technology has already, industrialization commercialized. b.Have formed the industrial base of numerical control tentatively. In tackling key problems the foundation that the achievement and some technology commercialize, set up the systematic factories of numerical control with production capacity in batches such as numerical control in Central China , numerical control of the spaceflight etc.. Electrical machinery plant of Lanzhou, such factory and the first machine tool plant of Beijing , the first machine tool plant of Jinan ,etc. several numerical control host computer factories of a batch of servo systems and servo electrical machineries as the numerical control in Central China,etc.. These factories have formed the numerical control industrial base of our country basically. c.Have set up a numerical control research, development , managerial talent's basic team . Though has made considerable progress in research and development and industrialization of numerical control technology, but we will realize soberly, the research and development of the technology of advanced numerical control of our country, especially there is greater disparity in current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level in industrialization. Though very fast from watching the development of our country vertically, have disparity horizontally more than (compare foreign countries with ) not merely engineering level, there is disparity too in development speed in some aspects, namely the engineering level disparity between some high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control equipment has the tendency to expand . Watch from world, estimate roughly as follows about the engineering level of numerical control of our country and industrialization level. a.On the engineering level, in probably backward 10-1 years with the advan