高中英語(yǔ) Unit2 Sporting events Grammar and usage課件 牛津譯林版必修4.ppt

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牛津高中英語(yǔ),,(模塊四 ·高一下學(xué)期),Advance with English,Grammar and usage,Unit 2 Sporting events,Modal verbs,課件描述：,通過(guò)對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的介紹來(lái)幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，有詞義，但是不完整，不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，必須和不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式連用。,ability,certainty,permission,obligation,make requests,make suggestions,make offers,give advice,能力,義務(wù), 責(zé)任,確定,允許,提出請(qǐng)求,提出建議,提供幫忙,提出忠告,Modal verbs: general introduction,(1) He can run the 100m sprint in 11 seconds. (2) Can this little girl read before she goes to the primary school?,ability,can表示可能性時(shí)，指的是理論上的可能，它通常不用來(lái)表示某事實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性或真實(shí)性。如： Accidents can happen. Anybody can make mistakes．,can / be able to,can / be able to,ability,在過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句中需要某種條件或努力做成某事，我們要用was／were able to而不能用could。如： It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the seaside． The girl worked hard so she was able to pass the final test． I’m sorry I haven’t been able to play tennis with you recently.,obligation,ought to/should,ought to與should意思接近，大多數(shù)情況下二者可以互換，但是should談的是自己的主觀看法, 用于各種人稱。 ought to則更多反映客觀情況，在談到法律、義務(wù)和規(guī)定時(shí)使用。如： We should／ought to help each other and learn from each other in our work． You shouldn’t spend so much time playing. She is your mother, so you ought to support her． Ought he to go? Yes, I think he ought (to).,have to / must,obligation,must與have to都可以表示“必須”的意思，但要注意以下兩點(diǎn)區(qū)別。 1) must只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而have to有現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)。如： We must work hard, or we’ll fail in the examination． Two years ago, the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money．,2) must表示主觀看法，have to則側(cè)重于客觀需要。如： We must be strict with ourselves in everything． In cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks．,obligation,have to / must,She might win a medal at the Olympics. She may be at home now. She could read and write at the age of 4. She should come to join us. She ought to / will / must help me whenever I am in trouble.,certainty,might / may/ could / should / ought to / will / must,,very uncertainty,almost certainty,can / could / may / might,could比can 更委婉，might比may 更委婉 —Can I watch the Olympics ? —Yes, you can. No, you can’t. —May I watch TV after finishing my homework? —Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t. / No, you may not. / No, you’d better not.,permission,,informal / spoken,formal / written,—Will / Can/ Could/Would you help me with my training? —Yes, I will/can/can/will.,will / can / could / would,make requests,,informal,formal,make suggestions,shall常用于第一，三人稱，表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。 — Shall we / I / he / she / they do some exercise this morning? — Yes. — Shall he come in? — Ok.,make offers,I’ll wash your sports jacket. Shall I get a ticket for you? Shall we carry the books for you ? Shall I clean the blackboard for you?,give advice,You should not/ought not to eat a lot before swimming. The students should spend all their time working at their lessons.,和其他時(shí)態(tài)的連用,The boys may be playing football on the playground. The boys may have finished their homework by the time school is over. He plays basketball very well. He must have practiced it a lot. Our headmaster must have been to USA, for he knows the country so much.,must have done 的反意疑問(wèn)句,You must have seen the film, haven’t you? You must have seen the film last week, didn’t you? His parents must have beaten him, haven’t they? His parents must have beaten him yesterday, didn’t they?,shall可以用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。用于第一、三人稱。此外它也可以用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的命令、警告、允諾、威脅或決心等，這時(shí)它用于第二、三人稱。如： Shall she go to the concert with us this evening? (征求意見(jiàn)) You shall go to the front at once．(命令) Don’t worry．You shall get the answer this very afternoon．（允諾） He shall be sorry one day．I tell you．(警告) Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution．(決心),shall / will,will在肯定句中表示意愿或決心時(shí)，是可以用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句的。在疑問(wèn)句中用于第二、三人稱表示意愿。如： Will you go hiking with me in the mountain? Will he pay for me? If you will listen to me, I’ll give you some advice on how to learn English． If you will come this way, the manager will meet you． ,shall / will,mustn’t / needn’t,mustn’t 解釋為“不準(zhǔn)，不許”，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈；needn’t “不需要，沒(méi)必要”，語(yǔ)氣緩和。 You mustn’t miss this football match. It’s very important. You needn’t watch the game if you don’t want to. —Must we clean the classroom? —Yes, you must. /No, you needn’t.,need / dare,作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，兩個(gè)詞常用于疑問(wèn)句和否 定句。 —Need I help you? —Yes, please. You needn’t telephone him now. How dare you talk to the teacher like that? The girl dare not go out alone at night.,用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可用于各種句式． We need to tell him the news. You don’t need to tell him the news. Do the flowers need watering? I didn’t dare to tell you the truth. Would you dare to catch the snake with your hand? The boy dares to do anything he likes.,need / dare,Have a try!,A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will,B,2. How ___ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. may,A,3. —The room is so dirty. ____ we clean it? —Of course . A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do,B,4. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who ___ have taken it? A. should B. must C. could D. would,C,5. —I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins.___ I have a look? —Yes, certainly. A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should,B,6. I was really anxious about you. You ___ home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave,B,7. —Are you coming to Jeff’s party? —I’m not sure. I __ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might,D,8. Sorry, I’m late. I ____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will,A,9. —When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. —They ___ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need,B,10. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could,C,11. When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work everyday. A. would B. should C. had better D. might,A,12. I wonder how he __ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say,D,