機械加工工藝規(guī)程-外文文獻

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Machine-finishing technological process one, machine-finishing technological process 　The machine-finishing technological process is stipulates the components machine-finishing technological process and the operating procedure and so on the technological document.It is the machine manufacture factory most main technology document.Its concrete function is as follows: 　1. The technological process is instructs the production the main technical document, is directs the scene production the basis. Regarding large quantities of mass production factory, because the production organization is strict, the division of labor is careful, the request technological process quite is detailed, can be advantageous for the organization and the direction production.Regarding the single unit small serial production factory, the technological process may simple.But regardless of the scale of production size, all must have the technological process, otherwise the production scheduling, the technical preparation, the key technologies research, the equipment disposition and so on all are unable to arrange, the production will fall into chaotic.At the same time, the technological process also is deals with the production issue the basis, if the product quality question, may be clear about each production unit according to the technological process the responsibility.Carries on the production according to the technological process, is advantageous for the guarantee product quality, obtains the high production efficiency and the economic efficiency. 　2. The technological process is the production organization and the supervisory work basic basis. 　First, had the technological process, before new product investment production, may carry on before the related production the technology preparatory work.For example for the components processing preparation engine bed, designs the special-purpose labor, clamps, the measuring instrument and so on.Next, the factory design and the dispatch department basis technological process, arranges various components the batch feeding time and quantity, the adjuster load, various job sites have the rhythm according to a man-hour of fixed quantity to carry on the production and so on, causes the entire enterprise various administrative offices, the workshop, the construction section and the job site close coordination, guaranteed completes the productive plan balanced. 　3. The technological process is newly built either changes (expands) the construction work factory or the workshop basic document. When newly built either changes (expands) the construction work factory or the workshop, only then based on the technological process can determine the production needs engine bed and other equipment type, quantity and specification; Workshop area; Engine bed layout; Produces worker's kind of work in a factory, the technical rank and quantity; Auxiliary department's arrangement. 　　But, the technological process is not fixed invariable, it is produces the worker and technical personnel's in production process practice summary, it may carry on the revision according to the production actual situation, causes it to improve and the consummation unceasingly, but must have the strict examination and approval procedure. Second, technological process making principle 　The technological process formulation principle is high quality, the high production, the low cost, namely in under the guarantee product quality premise, strives for the best economic efficiency.When making technological process should pay attention to the following question: 　　 In technical sophistication 　When making technological process, must understand the domestic and foreign this profession the processing technology level of development, through the essential engineer testing, uses the advanced craft and the craft equipment positively. 　2. In economical rationality 　Under certain working condition, possibly can appear several kinds to be able to guarantee the components specification the craft plan, this time should or contrasts mutually through the calculation, in the choice economy the most reasonable plan, causes the product the energy, the material consumption and the production cost is lowest. 3. Has the good work conditionWhen making technological process, must pay attention guaranteed when worker operation has good and the safe work condition.Therefore, must pay attention in the craft plan uses the mechanization or the automated measure, reduces the light industry altogether numerous and diverse physical labor. 　Third, time making technological process firsthand information Time the making technological process firsthand information mainly has: 1. Product pattern and engineering factor. If product assembly drawing and detail drawing; 2. Product craft plan. If product acceptance testing and evaluation quality specification, semifinished materials material and so on; 3. Product spare part craft route table or workshop division of labor detailed list.Understands the product and enterprise's management situation;4. Product production guiding principle (annual output).In order to determination production type; 　 　5. This enterprise's working condition. In order to draw up the technological process is practical and feasible, certainly must understand and the familiar this enterprise's working condition.If semifinished materials productivity, worker's technical level as well as special purpose equipment and craft equipment manufacturing capacity, enterprise existing equipment condition and so on; 6. Related craft standard. 　If each craft handbook and graph, but also should be familiar with this enterprise each kind of enterprise standard and the profession standard; 7. Related equipment and craft equipment and material.The equipment and the craft equipment selects which regarding this technological process should have understood thoroughly, like specification, performance, new old degree and existing precision and so on; 8. Domestic and foreign similar product related craft material.The technological process making, needs to study the domestic and foreign related craft material frequently, positively introduces the suitable advanced processing technology, raises the technological level unceasingly, obtains the maximum economic efficiency. Fourth, making technological process step 1 Computation components production guiding principle, determination production type; 　　2. Analysis product assembly pattern and components pattern Mainly includes the components the processing technology capability, the assembly technology capability, the main processing surface and the specification, the understanding components in product function; 3. Definite semifinished materials type, structure shape, manufacture method and so on; 　　4. Drafts the craft route Including the preferred orientation datum, determines various superficial the processing method, the division processing stage, the determination working procedure centralism and the disperser degree, the reasonable arrangement processing order and so on;5. Determines various working procedures the processing remainder, the computation working procedure size and the common difference; 6. Chooses the equipment and the craft equipment;7. Determination cutting specifications and computing time fixed quantity; 　　8. Filling in technological document. Fifth, technological document form The technological document content, fills in certain form the card, namely becomes the production to prepare and to construct the basis technological document.The commonly used technological document form has the following several kinds1. Machine-finishing technological process card This kind of card take the working procedure as a unit, briefly lists the craft route which the entire components processing passes through (including semifinished materials manufacture, machine-finishing and heat treatment and so on).It is draws up other technological document the foundation, also produces the basis which the preparation, the arrangement work plan and the organization produce.In this kind of card, because various working procedures showing insufficiently is concrete, therefore not directly instructs the worker to operate generally, but many uses as the production management aspect.But in single unit small serial production.Because usually does not establish other detailed technological document, but on by this kind of card instruction production.The machine-finishing technological process card sees Table 3-5 to show. 　　 Machine-finishing process chartThe machine-finishing process chart is take the working procedure as a unit, explains the entire technological process in detail one technological document.It is uses for to instruct the worker to produce and to help the shop management personnel and the technical personnel grasps the entire components processing process one kind of main technical document, is widely uses in the mass productions the components and in the important components small serial production.The machine-finishing process chart content including the components material, the weight, the semifinished materials type, the process number, the working procedure name, the working procedure content, the craft parameter, the operation requests the equipment and the craft equipment which as well as uses and so on.The machine-finishing process chart form sees Table 3-6 to show. 3. Machine-finishing working procedure card The machine-finishing working procedure card is the basis machine-finishing process chart is a working procedure making.It explained in detail entire components each working procedure the request, is uses for specifically to instruct the technological document which the worker operates.Must draw the working procedure diagram on this kind of card, explained this working procedure each labor step content, the craft parameter, the operation request as well as use the equipment and the craft equip.Uses in large quantities of mass productions generally the components.The machine-finishing working procedure card form sees Table 3-7.