大學英語二講稿(第六單元).ppt

大學英語二 Unit 6 喻曉元,Text AImproving Industrial Efficiency through Robotics,1.?？紗卧~： efficiency ，increasingly ，install Personnel， expose， reduction， Completion， specific ，switch ， critical ，intensity， scale， defective 2. ?？荚~組： in that ， in question ， plenty of，,3. ?？季渥樱?1)Most of todays robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. 2)Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，althoughto a lesser degree，in other industries as well. 3)The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials，preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation. 4)Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task， they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. 5)Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots. 6)With the ability to “see”，robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. 7)Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics., 課文簡介,機器人在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的使用越來越普遍。目 前大多數(shù)的機器人用于汽車工業(yè)，此外在別 的工業(yè)領域雖然應用的程度低一些，（ although to a lesser degree） 但也開始 出現(xiàn)。它們已經(jīng)可以代替人進行一些工作。 那么機器人與自動化機械有什么不同呢 ？它們的不同在于機器人完成某一特定任務 后，可由計算機重新編制程序去完成另一項 任務?，F(xiàn)在科學家與工程技術人員正在研制 新一代機器人，使機器人具有視覺、有觸覺 、并且能夠做出關鍵性的決策。未來機器人 將會在許多領域代替人的工作。 Paras.1-3 Robots are used in many areas Para.4 The difference between robots and other machines. Paras.5-7 Technicians and engineers are trying to design new types of robots. （will be able to see objects ； will have a sense of touch； will make critical decisions.）,詞匯精講：,1. efficiency : n 效率 efficient: a 高效率的； inefficient: a 效率低的； inefficiency : n; effective: a 有效果的 1). He has done much to increase the _ of English teaching. 2). She is very _ in reducing waste. 3). His _ study method caused his failure. 4). The city government took some _ measures to reduce unemployment. Answers: efficiency, efficient; inefficient, effective,2. increasingly: ad不斷增加地 increase：v 增加; increasing: a 不斷增加的; decrease: v減少； 1). Drinking and smoking among young people _ to an alarming extent. 2). The truth is becoming _ apparent. 3). The _ friendly relations between the two countries strengthen the cultural exchanges between them. 3. prevalent: a 流行的，普通的 = popular 4. calculator : n 計算者，計算器， calculate: v 計算； calculation : n 計算; calculating: a 詭計多端的,5. expose: v 使暴露，揭露，揭發(fā)， exposure: n; expose sb to sth讓某人接觸. 6. completion: n 完成、結束， complete: v完成，a 完整的， completeness: n 完整； incomplete: a 不完整的 1). He _ denied the existence of god. 2). He has never _ a project on time. 3). Money will be paid half in advance and half on _. (先付一半定金，另一半等事情完成之后再付） 4). When will the new railway _? 答案：completely ,completed, completion, be completed (v),7). intensity : n 強烈、劇烈， intense = strong: a 強烈的, intensive: a 密集的，加強的； intensify: v 加強； intension: n 強烈、緊張。 1). We should _ the struggle for peace. 2). There are few strong situations or moments of dramatic _. 3). They have been receiving a four-day _ training course. 4). They kept working in the _ heat. Answers: intensify, intensity, intensive, intense,8. defective : a 有缺點的， defect: n 缺點 9. assemble: v 集合、裝配； assembly: n 裝配 10. expose sth/sb to sth:暴露，面臨、遭受 1). People often expose their skin to the sun in summer. 2). I wont expose my soldiers to such unnecessary risks. 11. in that: 在于，因為 1). I like the country better in that it is closer to nature. 12. in question: 正被談論的，正被考慮的(通常放在被修飾名詞后面) We know nothing about the plan in question.,Analyze the difficult sentences Text A (Unit 6),1. Most of todays robots are employed in the automotive industry, where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. (p2) 翻譯：今天大多數(shù)機器人用于汽車工業(yè)，它們按照編好的程序接任了汽 車和卡車車身的焊接和噴漆這一類的工作。 分析：該句的考點是where引導的非限定性定語從句，修飾in the automotive industry。另外請注意幾個詞的用法： employ: v 雇傭，使用，相當于use; program: v 編寫程序； take over: 接管、接收、接任，如：Do you want me to take over the driving if you are tired? such.as 例如，welding and spray painting是動名詞，做賓語。,2. Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning to be seen , although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well. (p3) 翻譯：除了在汽車生產(chǎn)領域替代人工勞動外，機器人也開始在別的工業(yè) 部門應用，雖然應用程度低一些。 分析：該句考點如下：already taking over human tasks in the automotive field是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語； to be seen不定式的被動概念； although to a lesser degree讓步狀語， to a lesser degree是表示：在更小的程度上，反義詞：to a larger degree.,3. The robots used in nuclear pants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation. (p3) 翻譯：核電站里使用機器人處理輻射材料，避免人員接觸放射性物質。 分析：主語：The robots； 謂語：handle； 賓語：the radioactive materials；used in nuclear pants handle the radioactive materials是過去分詞短語做定語； preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation是現(xiàn) 在分詞短語做伴隨狀語。 being exposed to動名詞被動語態(tài)； prevent sb from doing 阻止某人做某事。,4. Robots differ form automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. (p4) 翻譯：機器人與自動化裝置的區(qū)別在于它們完成一項特定任 務后可以由計算機重新編程去執(zhí)行另一項任務。 分析：該句重要考點： in that,相當于because, 所引導從句表原因。如： Men are different from other animals in that the former can create and use tools while the latter cannot.,5. It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. (p5) 翻譯：人們不知道是否有一天機器人能具有像人 類一樣好的視覺。 分析：該句的主語是whether引導的主語從句。（有關知識 請見課后補充語法。）， it 是形式主語；as good as human vision是后置定語修飾vision;,6. Engineers working on other advances are designing and experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers, giving robots a sense of touch. (p6) 翻譯：在其他方面努力取得進展的工程人員正在設計和實驗 新的金屬手臂和手指，使機器人具有觸覺。 分析：請注意該句中幾個-ing的區(qū)別： working on other advances是非謂語動詞中的現(xiàn)在分詞； are designing and experimenting是謂語動詞的進行時態(tài)； giving robots a sense of touch是非謂語動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞做結果狀語。 詞組：experiment with sth實驗。,7. These future robots, assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions, will have plenty of work to do. (p7) 翻譯：未來具有觸覺、視覺并能決策的機器人將可以做很多工作。 分析：主語：These future robots； 謂語：will have； 賓語：plenty of work to do。 assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions是過去分詞短語做 定語，修飾主語， 其中動詞不定式to see and make decisions是另外一個定語，修飾the ability. 詞組：be assembled with sth = be equipped wth sth裝備有。； a sense of touch觸覺，同樣的短語還有：a sense of sight/hearing/smell/taste:視覺，聽覺，嗅覺，味覺；a sense of humor/direction:幽默感/方向感。 make decisions做出決定； plenty of sth充足的，足夠的,8. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. (p7) 翻譯：任何希望了解未來工業(yè)的人必須懂機器人。 分析：這句話是國考題目中?？嫉摹?考點：wanting to understand the industry of the future，是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語，修飾anyone. 詞組：know about sth了解。，懂得。,Text B Predicting Earthquakes,Key words and phrases 1.warning: n 警告， warn : v 警告，warn sb not to do sth; give sb a warning 2.shift: v/n 替換，轉移，改變，轉變，輪班 1).There has been a shift in fashion from formal to more informal dress. 2).The wind shifted from east to north. 3).She works the day shift and her husband works the night shift. 3.speculate: v 思索、推測， speculate on/upon/about sth, speculation: n, speculator: n 4.datum: n 資料、數(shù)據(jù)，復數(shù)形式：data; 又如：bacterium: 細菌，bacteria;medium, media.,5.reliability: n 可靠性， reliable: a 可靠的， unreliable: a 不可靠的 6.partial: a 偏袒的，部分的，be partial to sb. 7.up-to-date: a 最新的，out of date: 過時的，to date: 至今 1).Will long dress go out of date next year? 2).To date, we have not received any replies from him. 3).She always wears clothes that are right up to date. 8.analyze: v 分析，analysis: n， 復數(shù)形式：analyses. 9.work on:從事； 對有影響 1).The scientist has been working on environmental protection for many years. 2).The sufferings of the poor worked on our feelings so much that we gave them all the help we could.,10.set sth up:設立、建立、提出 1).A statue was set up in the center of the city. 2).Many countries agreed to set up an international organization to keep peace. 3).Einstein set up many important theories.,Analyze the difficult sentences: (Unit 6 Text B),1.Scientists are working on program to predict where and when an earthquake will occur.(P1) 翻譯：科學家們正致力于研究預報地震何時何地發(fā)生的計劃。 分析：Scientists are working on program是句子的主體部分， to predict where and when an earthquake will occur是動詞不定式做定語，修飾program.其中，where and when an earthquake will occur是動詞predict的賓語從句，注意疑問句的語序。 詞組：work on:從事，對有影響，如： The sufferings of the poor worked on our feelings so much that we gave them all the help we could.,2.They hope to develop an early warning system that can be used to forecast earthquakes so that living can be saved.(P1) 翻譯：他們希望研究出一種早期警報系統(tǒng)，用來預報地震，以挽救人們的生命。 分析：該句中that引導的定語從句修飾an early warning system，另外，so that 引導目的狀語從句。注意，情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)在這句話中的用法。 3.Two of the biggest earthquakes that were ever recorded took place in China and Alaska.(P2) 翻譯：有記載的兩次最大的地震發(fā)生在中國和阿拉斯加。 分析：主語Two of the biggest earthquakes，謂語took place。 該句考點，形容詞最高級，the biggest; that were ever recorded是定語從句； were recorded表示“被記錄”； 詞組：take place發(fā)生、舉行，請注意：該詞無被動語態(tài)。如： Great changes have taken place in Beijing in recent years.,4.The nations that are actively involved in earthquake prediction programs include Japan, .(P4) 翻譯：積極參與地震預報研究的國家包括日本。 分析：該句考點，詞組 be involved in sth參與或be actively involved in sth積極地參與 如：All the countries in the world should be actively involved in protecting the environment.,5.These networks are on the alert for warning signs that show the weakening of rock layers that can precede an earthquake.(P4) 翻譯：這些網(wǎng)絡一直處于戒備狀態(tài)，搜索著警告的跡象，這些跡象顯示出在地震前可能發(fā)生巖層松動狀況。 分析：這句話的主干是These networks are on the alert for warning signs，它后面是兩個套在一起的定語從句，均是由that引導的，第一個修飾warning signs；第二個修飾the weakening of rock layers。詞組：on the alert: 警戒、防備著如： Passengers on buses should be on the alert against pick-pockets. 6.They watch for changes in the water level and temperature that are associated with movement along faults.(P4) 翻譯：他們密切注意與斷層運動有關的水位和水溫的變化。 分析：詞組：watch for密切注意； be associated with同有關系。,7.Everyone agrees that earthquakes cannot be predicted with any reliability.(P6) 翻譯：人們都認為不可能可靠地預報地震。 分析：that引導的是賓語從句，其中cannot be 不可能，表示推測語氣； with any reliability帶有任何可能性。 8.While this is a small start, it is still a beginning.(p6) 翻譯：盡管這是一個小的開端，但畢竟只是處于初始階段。 分析：本句中的while意思是“盡管，雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句。請看下面的句子，區(qū)分 while含義： 1).While I was walking along the street, I met an E.T. 2).I like watching TV while my husband likes playing chess in the spare time. 3).While he has tries several times, he still fails again.,與本文有關的歷年考題,1.Most todays robots are employed in the automotive industry， _ they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting.（99.4） A. as B. which C. when D. where 答案：D 考點：where 引導的非限定定語從句，修飾automotive industry. 2.Robots differ from automatic machines in _ after completion of one specific task， they can be reprogrammed to be another one. （00.4） A .which B. that C .how D .whether 答案：B 考點：in that 復合連詞引導原因狀語從句，表示“在于”。 3.Robots ， already taking over human tasks in the automotive field， are beginning _（see） in other industries as well.（00.4）（01.10） 答案：to be seen 考點：begin to do sth. 所以用動詞不定式，而且用被動式。,4.Anyone _（want）to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.（00.10）（ 01.4） 答案：wanting 考點：現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾anyone . 5.The nations that _ actively _（involve） in earthquake prediction programs include Japan， China， Russia， and the United States. 答案：are involved 考點：詞組：be involved in sth. 6.漢譯英：機器人將要在哪些領域替代人的工作呢？（00.10） 答案： In what field will robots take over human tasks？ 7.It is not yet known _ computers will one day have vision as good as human vision . A.whether B.if C.that D.how 答案：A 考點：whether 引導的主語從句。,8.Robots， _（become） increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world， are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention. 答案：becoming 考點：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 9. Robots ， becoming _（increase） prevalent in factories ， are programmed and engineered to do more jobs. 答案：increasingly 9.There networks are on the _ for warning signs that show the weakening of rock layers that can precede an earthquake.（01.10） A.eagerness B.alarm C.alert D.guard 答案：C 考點：Text B 中的短語 on the alert,10.漢譯英：近年來，計算機在各個領域的應用越來 越廣泛。 In recent years， the application of computers is becoming wider and wider in all fields. In recent years， computers are used more and more widely in all fields. In recent years， computers have been increasingly used in all fields.,補充練習,一、單詞、詞組英譯漢 efficiency increasingly install personnel expose reduction completion specific switch critical intensity scale defective in that in question plenty of 二、漢譯英 1.近幾年，機器人的應用越來越廣泛和深入。 In recent years， the use of robots is becoming increasingly wider and deeper. Robots are used more and more widely and deeply in recent years. Robots have been increasingly used wider and deeper in recent years. 2.新開發(fā)的機器人有觸覺，可以看見物體，還能做決定。 The newly-developed robots have a sense of touch， are able to see objects， and can make decision as well. 3.機器人在汽車行業(yè)應用廣泛。 Robots are employed widely in the automotive industry. The use of robots in the automotive industry is prevalent. 4.感光材料、數(shù)字照相機都是照相器材。 Light-sensitive materials and digital cameras are all photographic equipment. 5.機器人與自動化機器有重大的區(qū)別。 There is a significant difference between robots and automatic machines. There are major differences between robots and automatic machines.,課后練習答案,Text A Exercises for the Text I. 1.a 2.c 3.c 4.c 5.b II.1.prevalent 2.welding 3.appliance 4.switch 5.artificial 6.identify 7.convert.into 8.discard 9.defective 10.assemble III. 1.d 2.f 3.b 4.j 5.c 6.i 7.e 8.g 9.h 10.a IV. not; use; sign; one; meant; end; him,V. 1.The application of robots has increasingly become prevalent and far-reaching these years. 2.The newly developed robots have a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions. 3.Robots are widely employed in the automotive industry. 4.Both light-sensitive materials and electronic digital cameras are photographic equipment. 5.Robots differ greatly from automatic machines.,I. Vocabulary Exercises 1. a. efficiency b. efficient c. efficiently 2. a. have increased b. increasingly c. increasing 3. a. completely b .completed c. completion 4. a.intensify b. intensity c. intensive d. intense II.1.reduction 2.shade 3.appliance 4.prevalent 5.personnel 6.defective 7.specific 8.capable of 9.in between 10.assembled 11.expose, 1.At a critical moment, we should be capable of facing difficulty. 2.After considering that problem, they switched their attention to something else. 3.Spray the table with paint. 4.We should expose children to new ideas. 5.We haveplenty of natural resources. 6.He was critical of her for her ignorance of law. 7.He switched from one occupation to another in the past three years.,Text B Exercises for the Text I. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.T 9.T 10.F II. 1.forecast 2.early warning 3.China; Alaska 4.the energy level 5.shifting; cracks; faults; crust 6.seismic networks 7.radon; ground water es from the radioactive 9.partial; processes 10.Haicheng; 1975,I.Vocabulary Exercises 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.B II. 1.analyze 2.forecast 3.shift 4.reliablity 5.preceded 6.subsided 7.speculated 8.warning,Thank you all !,