《（浙江專用）2020版高考英語大一輪新優(yōu)化復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題突破 專題6 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)課件.ppt》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（浙江專用）2020版高考英語大一輪新優(yōu)化復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題突破 專題6 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)課件.ppt（33頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、專題六動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,1.表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性、現(xiàn)在反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)。 He goes to school every day.他每天去上學(xué)。(經(jīng)常性動作) (201711,浙江)Im very happy to be invited to this program today. 今天應(yīng)邀參加這個節(jié)目我很高興。(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)) 2.表示永恒的狀態(tài)或真理。 “Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say,“because e
2、very step shows.” 祖母過去常說:“人生就像在雪中行走,因為每一步都會留下痕跡?！?The moon moves around the earth. 月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,3.在時間、條件、讓步狀語從句中,如果主句中的動詞用一般將來時,從句中的動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時,而不用將來時。 When you help others,it will make you feel better about yourself. 當(dāng)你幫助他人時,會讓你自我感覺更好。 (2014大綱全國)Unl
3、ess some extra money is found,the theatre will close. 除非能再弄到些錢,否則劇院將關(guān)閉。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,4.按時間表、時刻表、日程表、節(jié)目單、課程表等規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作,用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。 So what is the procedure? All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority. 那程序是怎么安排的呢? 在職
4、權(quán)部門做最后的決定之前所有的申請人都要參加面試。 The train leaves at 8 oclock.火車將于8點鐘發(fā)車。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,1.will 表示將來的動作或狀態(tài),常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。 (2017全國)Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China? 哪一部劇將在中國國家大劇院上演? Fish will die without water.魚離開水就會死掉。 2.be going to (1)表示現(xiàn)在
5、打算或計劃將來要做的事。 (201610浙江)Im going to find a better spot for us to camp. 我打算找個更好的地方為我們?nèi)ニ逘I。 (2)表示根據(jù)某種跡象認為在最近或?qū)硪l(fā)生的事。 It is going to rain.天要下雨了。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,3.be to (1)表示預(yù)先安排好的計劃或約定。 Are we to go on with this work? 我們要繼續(xù)這項工作嗎? (2)表示說話人的意志、意圖、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、命令等。 We are t
6、o take care of the children. 我們應(yīng)該照顧好孩子們。 (3)表示注定要發(fā)生的事情。 Her plan is to be a failure. 她的計劃注定要失敗。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,4.be about to 表示即將發(fā)生的動作,不與具體的時間狀語連用,可與when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句連用。 The plane is about to leave. 飛機即將起飛。 5.will與be going to的區(qū)別 will多表示說話時才做出的決定,或臨時決定做某事。be going
7、to表示事先經(jīng)過考慮或做好安排將要做某事。 What time is it? I have no idea.But just a minute,I will check it for you. 現(xiàn)在幾點了? 我不知道。但是稍等一會兒,我?guī)湍愦_認一下。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,過去時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作,或者過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。 (2016全國乙)But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,the lady on the desk said,“Well,
8、Im really sorry.Ive got some bad news for youthere are no flights from Washington.” 但當(dāng)我到了Providence的值機前臺時,值機小姐說:“真的很遺憾,告訴您一個不好的消息從華盛頓來的航班沒有了?！?Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been? I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year,teaching as a volunteer. 很長時間沒有見你了!你去哪了? 我去寧夏待了一年,作為一個志愿者在那里教學(xué)
9、。 (2016全國乙)I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. 去年在美國的一次途中我遇到了颶風(fēng)。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,1.表示此時此刻正在進行的動作,由“be+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。 (2016四川)Were not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor. 我們不是在說人人都需要為窮人貢獻一生。 2.go,e,leave
10、,arrive,return,stop,start,begin,meet等動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。 Im leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 明天我要到北京去。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,3.與always,constantly,forever,continually,all the time 等連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有不滿、抱怨或者贊賞等感情色彩。 He is always helping others. 他總是幫助別人。 4.進行時有
11、時可表示漸變過程。 His health is improving every day. 他的健康狀況每天都有好轉(zhuǎn)。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,5.下面四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進行時。 (1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞:like,love,hate,care,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等。 (2)表示存在的狀態(tài)的動詞:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem等。 (3)表示短暫性、一次性動作的動詞:allow,accept,remember,permit
12、,promise,admit,plete等。 (4)感官動詞:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,現(xiàn)在完成時由“have/has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。其使用通常有兩種情況: 1.所表示的動作在說話之前已完成,而對現(xiàn)在有影響,句中沒有具體的時間狀語。 (201711浙江)Weve been to this place before,and I dont feel the soup tastes any different. 我們以前來過
13、這個地方,(所以)我感覺這個湯嘗起來沒有不同的地方。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,2.現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會持續(xù)下去。常與for...和 since...等表示一段時間的狀語或 so far等表示包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的狀語連用。 (2016四川)And yet,people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 194
14、6. 然而,這個地區(qū)的人們實際上是法國人,因為自1946年以來它一直是法蘭西共和國的殖民地。 (2016四川)I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years. 我對法屬圭亞那人有種特殊的愛。我來來回回在那里工作過幾乎十年。 注意:有些表示短暫性動作的詞,如 e,go,die,marry,buy等的完成時不能與for,since等表示一段時間的狀語連用。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,
15、考點十二,考點十三,考點九,3.還可用在時間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來某時完成的動作,強調(diào)此動作先于主句動作發(fā)生。 Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. 我做完了作業(yè)就去你家。 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公交車停穩(wěn)才能下車。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,表示在過去某個時刻正在進行的動作,或者過去某個階段正在做的事情。 (2016北京)While I was exploring my c
16、uriosity,my disease got worse. 當(dāng)我正在探索我的求知欲時,病情加重了。 In 1980 he was studying in a university. 1980年,他正在一所大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,表示從過去就預(yù)計要發(fā)生的動作或者存在的狀態(tài),這種時態(tài)常用于賓語從句中,主句常用一般過去時。 At college,Barack Obama didnt know that he was to bee the first black president of the Un
17、ited States of America. 上大學(xué)時,巴拉克奧巴馬不知道他將來會成為美國的第一位黑人總統(tǒng)。 (201610浙江)I told him that they would be his own chickens and we would buy the eggs from him. 我告訴他,它們將會是他自己的雞,并且我們將從他那里買雞蛋。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,1.表示在過去某一時間或某一動作之前已發(fā)生的動作,也可以表示從過去某一時間開始的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時間,即“過去的過去”
18、。 (201610浙江)After she had climbed to a high place,she turned around,hoping to see the lake. 在她爬上一處高地后,她轉(zhuǎn)身環(huán)顧四周,希望能看到那座湖。 2.表示未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等,常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述動詞的過去式接不定式的完成式表示,即:hoped/planned...+to have done。 I had hoped to send him a Christmas card,but
19、I forgot to do so. 我本來想寄給他一張圣誕卡,但我忘了。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,現(xiàn)在完成進行時是由“have/has been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成,用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(還要繼續(xù)下去)的動作,它具備“未完性、暫時性、感情色彩”等特點。 The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 自從上午9點,經(jīng)理就一直在跟工人們講如何改進這個項目。 It has been r
20、aining for 2 days. 雨已經(jīng)下了兩天了。(表達說話者“抱怨”的感情色彩),考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,1.一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時 時間上有差異:凡有明確的過去時間的均用過去時,不能用完成時,如含有ago,last year,just now,the other day。 結(jié)果上有差異:現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是對“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果,動作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù);一般過去時強調(diào)的是動作發(fā)生在“過去”,和現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。 I came to Beijing last year,and have been her
21、e since then. 我去年來的北京,自從那時起我一直在這里。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,2.一般過去時與過去完成時 這兩個時態(tài)都和現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系,都表示過去的動作。但一般過去時只涉及一個純過去的動作;而過去完成時指的是相對于過去的某一特定時間更早發(fā)生的動作,發(fā)生在“過去的過去”,即過去完成時至少涉及兩個過去的動作。 When I got to the party,many of them had left for home. 當(dāng)我到達晚會的時候,他們中的多數(shù)人已經(jīng)離開回家了。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點
22、五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,3.一般過去時與過去進行時 盡管二者所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去,但一般過去時著重強調(diào)過去的動作,表示已經(jīng)結(jié)束。而過去進行時僅表示過去某一時間點,一個動作正在進行,有什么樣的結(jié)果不得而知。 He wrote three letters last night. 他昨晚寫了三封信。(表示他寫了三封信,暗指都已寫完) He was writing a letter at 9:00 last night. 昨晚九點,他正在寫信。(表示當(dāng)時他在寫信,后來是否寫完就未知了),考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八
23、,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,4.現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時 (1)現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是動作已完成,著重結(jié)果;現(xiàn)在完成進行時是持續(xù)了一段時間的動作,這個動作仍在繼續(xù),強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性。 I have painted my new house. 我已經(jīng)給我的新房子上完漆了。(強調(diào)已完成) I have been painting my new house. 我一直在給我的新房子上漆。(強調(diào)動作還在繼續(xù)) (2)現(xiàn)在完成進行時可以表示動作的反復(fù),現(xiàn)在完成時一般不表示反復(fù)性。 Have you been meeting our teacher these days? 這些天來
24、你一直見到我們老師嗎?(強調(diào)動作的反復(fù)) Have you met our teacher recently? 近來你見過我們的老師嗎?(強調(diào)結(jié)果),考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,1.hardly...when...,no sooner...than...句型中,主句中用過去完成時,從句中用一般過去時。 Hardly had I opened the door when Tom came in. 我剛一開門,湯姆就進來了。 2.since,in the last/past+一段時間,so far,recently等
25、常與現(xiàn)在完成時搭配。 Great changes have taken place in our country in the last few years. 過去的幾年里我們國家發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 3.This/That/It is/was the first/second...time+that從句,若主句中為is,則從句時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時;若主句中為was,則從句時態(tài)用過去完成時。 This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 這是我們?nèi)胰说谝淮我黄鸬诫娪霸嚎措娪啊?考點二,考
26、點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,4.“by+時間狀語”要與完成時搭配使用。 You will have learned about 3,000 words by the end of next month. 到下月底你們將已學(xué)習(xí)3000個單詞。 5.It+be...before...“要過才”或“在以后才”。在這個句型中,若be動詞用一般過去時,則before 從句中常用一般過去時;若be動詞用將來時,則before 從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時。 Im sorry youve been waiting so long,but itl
27、l still be some time before Brian gets back. 很抱歉讓你等了這么久,但布萊恩還要過段時間才能回來。 6.was/were about to do...when...在when引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語動詞用過去式。 I was about to leave when he came in. 我正要離開這時他進來了。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,1.表示狀態(tài)特征的系動詞,如look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear等構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 The
28、soup smells good but tastes terrible. 這湯聞起來香但嘗起來不好。 2.表示主語某種屬性、特征的動詞,如read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,shut。 This kind of material washes easily. 這種布料容易洗。 3.表示開始、結(jié)束、運動的動詞,如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,run等。 The shop closes at 6 pm.every day. 這家商店每天下午六點關(guān)門。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十
29、,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,語態(tài)說明主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者;被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者,也就是動作的對象,所以只有及物動詞和及物動詞短語才有被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。 (201610浙江)Guests staying at Plaza Hotel will be given meal tickets worth $36 once they have produced 10 watt hours of electricity. 在假日酒店的客人一旦產(chǎn)出10瓦電就可得價值36美元的餐券。 (20
30、16四川)The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin. 由于一位名叫Gin的法國人的努力,這些民族的生活最終被記錄了下來。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,幾種特殊形式的被動結(jié)構(gòu): 1.“be+過去分詞+不定式”形式的被動結(jié)構(gòu) He is reported to have broken a world record. 據(jù)報道他打破了一項世界
31、紀(jì)錄。 2.“It+be+過去分詞+從句”形式的被動結(jié)構(gòu) Its said that they have discovered a new star. 據(jù)說他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆新星。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點十,考點十一,考點十二,考點十三,考點九,3.“get+done”構(gòu)成的被動結(jié)構(gòu) get married 結(jié)婚;get hurt受傷;get lost迷路;get caught/stuck/trapped被困 (20176浙江)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept
32、into a pile of kitchen rubbish... Pahlsson和她丈夫現(xiàn)在認為戒指可能被掃進了一堆廚房垃圾里,,,.用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.(2018北京)Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 2.(2018北京)Chinas high-speed railways have grown(grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometer
33、s in the past few years. 3.(2017全國)Later,engineers managed(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known as the Tube. 4.(2017全國)Sarah has been told/was told(tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.,,,,,,,5.(2017全國)S
34、arah says,“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment,school es(e) first.I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling...” 6.(2017天津)Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,is regarded(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 7.(2017天津)I was driving(drive)down
35、to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.,,,,8.(2018北京)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped (trap) in the mountains for two days. 9.(2018天津)My washing machine is being repaired(repair) this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.,,,,,10.(201
36、8江蘇)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other,for we will have developed (develop) more convenient electronic munication tools by then. 11.(2018江蘇)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carried(carry) out in the past two years. 12.(201610浙江)Th
37、e political situation in Libya will bee even worse unless some measures are taken(take). 13.(2018全國)While running regularly cant make you live forever,the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.,,,,,,,.完成句子 1.她現(xiàn)在正在手術(shù)室接受手術(shù)。 She is being operated on i
38、n the operating room now. 2.我到門口時,他們正在看電視。 They were watching TV when I came to the door. 3.到上周末為止,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了100篇短文了。 We had learned 100 passages by the end of last weekend. 4.明年的這個時候,我們肯定坐在大學(xué)的教室里了。 By this time next year,we shall/will be sitting in a classroom in university. 5.這間辦公室禁止吸煙。 Smoking is for
39、bidden/banned in this office.,,,,,,,,6.剛才我們給小女孩5分鐘時間決定是否做這件事。 The little girl was given five minutes by us to decide whether to do it or not just now. 7.如果不制止城市噪音的持續(xù)上升,人們20年后甚至在同一張飯桌上都要提高嗓門說話才能聽見。 If city noises are not kept from increasing,people will have to shout to be heard even at the same dinner table in 20 years. 8.這工作一定是他昨天做的。 This work must have been done by him yesterday. 9.要湊齊這套郵票,我還需要一張。 I need one more stamp before my collection of this kind is pleted . 10.這種材料摸起來很柔軟。 This material feels very soft.,,,,,,
（浙江專用）2020版高考英語大一輪新優(yōu)化復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題突破 專題6 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)課件.ppt
