2016屆二輪復(fù)習(xí) 時態(tài)和語態(tài) 學(xué)案(江蘇專用)
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2016屆二輪復(fù)習(xí) 時態(tài)和語態(tài) 學(xué)案(江蘇專用)
2016屆二輪復(fù)習(xí) 時態(tài)和語態(tài) 學(xué)案(江蘇專用)1【2014·安徽卷】 The twins, who _ their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.Awill finish Bfinish Chave finished Dhad finished【答案】D考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知,完成作業(yè)是在were allowed之前發(fā)生的動作,屬于“過去的過去”,應(yīng)使用過去完成時。句意:已完成作業(yè)的雙胞胎,被允許到操場上打羽毛球。故選D。2【2014·北京卷】 Hi, let's go skating.Sorry, I'm busy right now. I _ in an application form for a new job.Afill Bhave filled Cam filling Dwill fill【答案】C考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知,回答人“正忙著”,所以是“正在填寫申請表格”,用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,選C。3【2014·北京卷】 What time is it?I have no idea.But just a minute,I _ it for you.Acheck Bchecked Cwill check Dwould check【答案】C考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知說話人不知道現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn),但是“將去核實(shí)一下”,應(yīng)選一般將來時。故選C。4【2014·北京卷】 I found the lecture hard to follow because it _ when I arrived.Astarted Bwas starting Cwould start Dhad started【答案】D考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知,“我”不能跟上演講的原因是,“我”到達(dá)的時候演講已經(jīng)開始了?!暗竭_(dá)”為一般過去時,表述過去的動作?!耙呀?jīng)開始”表達(dá)過去的過去,應(yīng)該用過去完成時。故選D。5 【2014·全國大綱卷】 Unless some extra money _, the theatre will close.A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found【答案】C考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:除非找到一些額外的錢,否則劇院將會倒閉。根據(jù)主句的將來時態(tài)可知,狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時,因?yàn)閒ind和money之間是被動關(guān)系,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故選C。6 【2014·全國大綱卷】 The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _ them since.A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen【答案】C考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:那些報告2012年就丟失了,從那以后沒有人見過它們。此題解題的關(guān)鍵詞是后面的since,此處意為“從那以后”,這是現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志。故選C。7【2014·福建卷】 Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?I went to Ningxia and _ there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.Astayed Bstay Chad stayed Dam staying【答案】A 考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:“很久沒有見到你了!你去哪里了?”“我去了寧夏,在那里支教了一年?!备鶕?jù)句意可知,stay的動作發(fā)生在過去,故用一般過去時。8【2014·湖南卷】 Since the time humankind started gardening, we _ to make our environment more beautiful.A. try B. have been trying C. are trying D. will try【答案】B考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:自人類開始園藝的時期起,我們就一直努力把我們的環(huán)境變得更加美好。根據(jù)since的提示可知用現(xiàn)在完成時,再根據(jù)語境可知,動作try從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且還要繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去,因此用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。9【2014·湖南卷】 Whenever you_a present, you should think about it from the receiver's point of view.A. bought B. have bought C. will buy D. buy【答案】D考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:不管何時買禮物,你都應(yīng)該從禮物接收者的角度加以考慮。 根據(jù)主句中的情態(tài)動詞可知“買”這一動作發(fā)生在將來,但是在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,不能用一般將來時,而要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作。故選D。10【2014·江蘇卷】 How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?Well, the media _ it in a variety of forms.Acover Bwill cover Chave covered Dcovered【答案】C考查動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)。句意:“你對于即將在南京召開的青奧會知道多少?”“哦,媒體已經(jīng)以多種多樣的形式對其進(jìn)行了報道?!备鶕?jù)語境可知,此處表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,故用現(xiàn)在完成時。11 【2014·江西卷】 Tony, why are your eyes red? I _ up peppers for the last five minutes.A. cut B. was cutting C. had cut D. have been cutting【答案】D考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:“托尼,為什么你的眼睛發(fā)紅?”“我在過去的五分鐘內(nèi)一直在剁辣椒。”根據(jù)for the last five minutes可知,此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。此題易誤選C項(xiàng),誤以為動作是在“過去的過去”發(fā)生的。此句是指過去所做的事對現(xiàn)在的影響。12【2014·山東卷】 Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we_.Awill expect Bare expectingCexpect Dhad expected【答案】D考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:手寫所有的請?zhí)任覀冎邦A(yù)想的更加耗時。根據(jù)句意可知,expect動作發(fā)生在was之前,表示過去的過去,用過去完成時。故選D。13【2014·山東卷】 They made up their mind that they_ a new house once Larry changed jobs.Abought Bwould buy Chave bought Dhad bought【答案】B考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:他們下定決心一旦拉里換了工作他們就會買一所新房子。that引導(dǎo)的從句的時態(tài)要與主句的時態(tài)保持一致,主句用的是一般過去時,再由語境判斷從句用過去將來時。故選B。14 【2014·陜西卷】 During his stay in Xi'an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends _A. would recommend B. had recommendedC. have recommended D. were recommending【答案】B考查動詞的時態(tài)。所填詞動作發(fā)生在triedfoods這一動作之前,即表示“過去的過去”,用過去完成時,故選B。15 【2014·四川卷】 She _ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.A. phoned B. had phoned C. was phoning D. has phoned【答案】C考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)后一分句“我”只向她點(diǎn)了下頭可知她正在打電話,故使用過去進(jìn)行時。句意:她正在和某人打電話,所以我向她點(diǎn)了下頭便走了。16 【2014·天津卷】 We won't start the work until all the preparations _A. are being made B. will be madeC. have been made D. had been made【答案】C考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:直到所有的準(zhǔn)備工作都做完了,我們才開始工作。根據(jù)主句中的關(guān)鍵詞won't start【不會開始】是一般將來時,可知until引導(dǎo)的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。如無一般現(xiàn)在時,可用現(xiàn)在完成時代替一般將來時,強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動作的完成性。17【2014·浙江卷】 Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _ most of the guests before.Ahas seen Bhad seen Csaw Dwould see【答案】B考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:索菲亞看了看周圍所有的面孔,她印象中大部分客人她以前都是見過的。根據(jù)句意知,此處see的動作發(fā)生在過去的過去,同時由題眼before可知,該空應(yīng)該用過去完成時態(tài),故選B項(xiàng)。18【2014·重慶卷】 You'd better write down her phone number before you _ it.A. forget B. are forgetting C. forgot D. will forget【答案】A考查動詞的時態(tài)。在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。故選A。19 【2014·重慶卷】 James has just arrived, but I didn't know he _ until yesterday.A. will come B. was coming C. had come D. came【答案】B考查動詞的時態(tài)。該句中的didn't know與until連用決定了該空的時態(tài)是過去進(jìn)行時,即“昨天才知道James要來”。一般時【一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時】1【2013·新課標(biāo)卷】If we_now to protect the environment,well live to regret it.Ahadnt actedBhavent actedCdont act Dwont act【解析】句意為:如果我們現(xiàn)在不采取行動保護(hù)環(huán)境的話,將來我們會后悔的。本題考查動詞的時態(tài)。通常情況下,條件狀語從句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在時表示將來。再由now可知選C?!敬鸢浮緾2【2013·安徽卷】Im calling about the apartment you_the other day.Could you tell me more about it?Aadvertised Bhad advertised Care advertising Dwill advertise【解析】句意為:我打電話想問問你前些日子登廣告的公寓,你能詳細(xì)地給我說說嗎?從時間狀語the other day可知定語從句中是一般過去時?!敬鸢浮緼3【2013·北京卷】Do you think Mom and Dad_late?No,Swiss Air is usually on time.Awere B will be Cwould be Dhave been【解析】句意為:你認(rèn)為爸爸和媽媽會晚到嗎?不會的,瑞士航空一向準(zhǔn)時。本題考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知,爸爸和媽媽的飛機(jī)還未到,因此空格處為一般將來時態(tài),選擇B項(xiàng)?!敬鸢浮緽進(jìn)行時【現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、將來進(jìn)行時】4【2013·天津卷】The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers_one of the main pipes.Ahad repaired Bhave repaired Crepaired Dare repairing【解析】句意為:因?yàn)楣と藗冋谛蘩砥渲械囊粭l主管道,所以供水系統(tǒng)臨時被切斷。本題考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知設(shè)空處表示現(xiàn)在的情況,故用現(xiàn)在時,排除A、C兩項(xiàng);B項(xiàng)表示已經(jīng)修完,不合邏輯,故被排除。D項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行的動作,即還沒完成,符合邏輯,故為答案。【答案】D5【2013·湖南卷】I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.Im so sorry.But I_my homework.Ahad done Bwas doing Cwould do Dam doing【解析】上句問昨天下午沒去聽講座的原因,下句應(yīng)是解釋沒參加講座的理由。表示當(dāng)時在做什么,所以用過去進(jìn)行時。排除A、C、D三項(xiàng)。句意為:我不明白昨天下午你為什么沒去聽講座。很抱歉。可我當(dāng)時一直在做作業(yè)?!敬鸢浮緽6【2013·江蘇卷】Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure.I_a report at home.Awill be writing Bwill have writtenChave written Dhave been writing【解析】句意為:明天上午我可以用一下你的車嗎?當(dāng)然可以。我【明天上午】將在家寫報告。本題考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知是將要發(fā)生的事情,排除C和D項(xiàng);寫報告是明天上午這段時間將要做的事,所以用將來進(jìn)行時,故選A項(xiàng)?!敬鸢浮緼完成時【現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時】7【2013·山東卷】Oh no!Were too late.The train_.Thats OK.Well catch the next train to London.Awas leaving Bhad left Chas left Dhas been leaving【解析】句意為:哦!不!我們太晚了。 火車早開走了。沒什么。我們會趕上下一列通往倫敦的火車。根據(jù)語境不難看出,火車離開發(fā)生在兩人對話之前,又根據(jù)too late可知,火車早已離站,故排除其他選項(xiàng)?!敬鸢浮緾8【2013·浙江卷】During the last three decades,the number of people participating in physical fitness programs_sharply.Awas increasing Bhas increased Chad increased Dwill be increasing【解析】根據(jù)本句中的時間狀語during the last three decades在過去的三十年間,可知要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),因此選項(xiàng)B正確?!敬鸢浮緽完成進(jìn)行時【現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時、過去完成進(jìn)行時】9【2013·福建卷】The girl has a great interest in sport and_badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.Atook Bis taking Ctakes Dhas been taking【解析】句意為:那位女孩對運(yùn)動很感興趣,過去三年里,她每周上兩次羽毛球課。本題考查動詞的時態(tài)。題干中的第一個謂語動詞has說明語境是現(xiàn)在,那么時間狀語over the last three years在此應(yīng)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時連用,故答案為D項(xiàng)?!敬鸢浮緿10【2011·全國卷】When Alice came to,she did not know how long she_there.Ahad been lying Bhas been lying Cwas lyingDhas lain【解析】句意為:當(dāng)艾麗斯醒來時,她不知道自己在那兒躺了多久。根據(jù)時態(tài)一致的原則,可排除B、D兩項(xiàng);由she did not know how long.可知應(yīng)用過去完成進(jìn)行時,表示持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作?!敬鸢浮緼被動語態(tài)11【2013·北京卷】So what is the procedure?All the applicants_before a final decision is made by the authority.Ainterview Bare interviewingCare interviewed Dare being interviewed【解析】句意為:那么,步驟是怎樣的?所有申請人要被面試后才能由專家做出最終的決定。本題考查動詞的被動語態(tài)。applicants和interview之間是被動關(guān)系,排除A和B項(xiàng);語境是在描述工作流程,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時?!敬鸢浮緾12【2013·北京卷】 Shakespeares play Hamlet_into at least ten different films over the past years.Ahad been made Bwas made Chas been made Dwould be made【解析】句意為:在過去的數(shù)年,莎士比亞的戲劇哈姆雷特被制作成不下十部不同的電影。本題考查動詞的時態(tài)。over the past years意為“在過去的數(shù)年”,通常情況下題干中出現(xiàn)over the past years,謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),故選擇C項(xiàng)。【答案】C13【2013·遼寧卷】We are confident that the environment_by our further efforts to reduce pollution.Ahad been improved Bwill be improvedCis improved Dwas improved【解析】句意為:我們相信,通過我們進(jìn)一步的努力去減少污染,環(huán)境將會得到改善。根據(jù)句子謂語動詞的時態(tài)以及further efforts可判斷,此處應(yīng)用一般將來時?!敬鸢浮緽1一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別要注意下面幾點(diǎn)【1】“點(diǎn)時間”還是“段時間”一般過去時常與表示過去時間點(diǎn)的詞連用【表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作】;而現(xiàn)在完成時常與表示一段時間的詞連用【表示從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)】。抓時間狀語是關(guān)鍵,判斷是時間點(diǎn)還是時間段?!?】是否對“現(xiàn)在”有影響一般過去時表示過去某時的狀態(tài)或發(fā)生的動作,與現(xiàn)在沒有什么聯(lián)系;而現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果?!?】動作是否“持續(xù)”過去時與一段時間連用表示動作沒有持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在;而現(xiàn)在完成時與一段時間連用表示動作持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在。結(jié)合句意判斷動作是否持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在是解題的根本所在。2現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的用法區(qū)別【1】現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性和完成動作的決心,而現(xiàn)在完成時則強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果?!?】現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時有時帶有感情色彩,而現(xiàn)在完成時一般是平鋪直敘。3過去進(jìn)行時與一般過去時的用法區(qū)別【1】一般過去時常表示在過去某一時間動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束,而過去進(jìn)行時卻表示在過去某一時間內(nèi)動作在持續(xù)或尚未完成?!?】一般過去時表示動作只做一次,而過去進(jìn)行時則表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。4確定主語與謂語動詞的關(guān)系是判定主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵一、一般時【一】一般現(xiàn)在時1表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞【詞組】always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually,every day/night等連用。【2013·湖南高考】Around two oclock every night,Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers us.每晚兩點(diǎn)左右,蘇就說夢話。這使我們有點(diǎn)煩心。2在以when,till/until,as soon as,by the time,after,before等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句以及if,unless,once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和以no matter,however,even if等詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,如果主句中的動詞用一般將來時,從句中的動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。If it doesnt rain,well go on a picnic as planned.如果不下雨,我們將按計劃去野餐?!?012·全國卷】“Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say,“because every step shows.”祖母過去經(jīng)常說:“人生就像在雪地里行走,因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉寄茱@現(xiàn)出來?!薄径恳话氵^去時表示在過去某時某刻發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表過去的時間狀語連用,如yesterday,last year,last night,the other day,just now,then,two days ago,in 1999,at that time 等。Long time no see!Havent you graduated from college?Yes.I studied English for four years in Nanjing.好久不見!你還沒大學(xué)畢業(yè)嗎?畢業(yè)了,我在南京學(xué)了四年英語?!?013·重慶高考】I felt very tired when I got home,and I went straight to bed.我到家的時候感到非常累,就直接上床睡覺了?!救恳话銓頃r1will/shall動詞原形【2013·湖南高考】“What do you want to be?” asked Mrs Crawford.“Oh,I will be president,”said the boy,with a smile.“你想成為什么樣的人?”克勞福德夫人問。“哦,我要當(dāng)總統(tǒng)。”小男孩笑著說?!?012·湖南高考】Close the door of fear behind you,and you will see the door of faith open before you.關(guān)上你身后的恐懼之門,你將會發(fā)現(xiàn)信心之門在你面前敞開。2be going to動詞原形表示打算、計劃、決定要做的事或肯定要發(fā)生的事。表示說話人根據(jù)已有的事實(shí)或跡象,認(rèn)為某事即將發(fā)生。Look at the cloud.Its going to rain.瞧那烏云,天要下雨了。3“be about to動詞原形”表示打算或根據(jù)安排即將發(fā)生的動作。它不與表示具體時間的狀語連用但可以與when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句連用。I was about to go out when it began to rain.我正要外出這時開始下雨了。4“be to動詞原形”表示約定的、計劃中的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)將要發(fā)生的動作,這種動作通常是人的意志所能控制的,或用于征求意見。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.到10點(diǎn)你得交上試卷。二、進(jìn)行時【一】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作?!?013·四川高考】Hurry up,kids!The school bus is waiting for us!孩子們,快點(diǎn)!校車在等我們!2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時還可表示按計劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的動作,這類動詞主要有:go,come,leave,stay,start,arrive,land,meet,move,return,stay,stop,do等【2012·湖南高考】“The moment is coming soon,”he thought to himself,waiting nervously.“這一刻就要來到了,”他自思自忖,緊張地等待著?!径窟^去進(jìn)行時1表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動作?!?013·陜西高考】Jim was watching a late night film at home when,right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television went blank.吉姆深夜正在家里看電影,就在看到一個驚險場面的時候,電視變得一片空白。2表示運(yùn)動和位置移動的動詞可以用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去將來時。這類動詞主要有l(wèi)eave,start,arrive,go,come等。【2013·新課標(biāo)卷】We were leaving very early so we packed the night before.我們打算很早出發(fā),因此前一個晚上就收拾好了行李。【2013·江西高考】I was coming to visit you later that day,but I had to phone and cancel.我打算那天晚些時候去看你,但是不得已打電話取消。三、完成時【一】現(xiàn)在完成時1表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或存在的狀態(tài)到說話時剛剛完成或結(jié)束?,F(xiàn)在完成時常與up to now,so far,already,yet,now,recently,in the past few years,just等表示時間的詞連用?!?013·湖南高考】Have you heard about the recent election?Sure,it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.你聽說過近期的選舉嗎?當(dāng)然了,它是近來三天新聞中唯一的事情了。2用于時間、條件狀語從句中,表示將來要完成的動作或一個動作先于另一個動作。【2011·陜西高考】His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.他的第一本小說自從上個月出版之后就很受歡迎。3在“It(This)is the best(worst,most interesting等)名詞從句”中,從句中的謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時?!?011·湖南高考】It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.這是我自從到這個學(xué)校以來所參加過的最有教育意義的講座。4在“It(This】 is(will be)the first/second/third.time that從句”中,that從句中的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。This is the first time that we have faced such a problem.這是我們第一次面對這樣的問題?!径窟^去完成時1某些詞用于過去完成時表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法,意為“本來期望/認(rèn)為/打算”。這類動詞主要有:expect,hope,plan,suppose,think,intend,mean,want等。We had wanted to help you,but we were too busy to get away.我們本來想幫助你的,但忙得脫不開身。2在“hardly(scarcely).when.,no sooner.than.”句型結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時,意思為“一就”。Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.演講者一結(jié)束他的講話,觀眾就不停地向他提問。3by,by the end,by the time,until,before,since后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句,主句用過去完成時。【2011·遼寧高考】By the time Jack returned home from England,his son had graduated from college.杰克從英國回到家時,他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了?!救繉硗瓿蓵r主要表示某一動作到將來某個時間完成,上下文情景中常含有by短語,如by six oclock,by the weekend,by the end of next month等?!?013·西安二檢】By the time Mr Smith arrives at the supermarket,we will have stayed there for one hour.等到Mr Smith到達(dá)超市時,我們將已經(jīng)在那里待一個小時了。四、完成進(jìn)行時【一】現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時由have/has beenv.ing形式”構(gòu)成,表示過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能延續(xù)下去,常和for,since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用?!?012·全國卷】The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.自從上午9點(diǎn)經(jīng)理就一直在告訴工人如何改善這一方案。【二】過去完成進(jìn)行時過去完成進(jìn)行時主要表示過去某一時間以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作。過去完成進(jìn)行時由“hadbeen ving”構(gòu)成。表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始并延續(xù)到過去某一時間。這一動作可能已經(jīng)停止也可能還在進(jìn)行。She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.她告訴我她已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)法語5年了?!緞幼魅岳^續(xù)】She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.她告訴我她已經(jīng)等我一個鐘頭了?!緞幼鞑辉倮^續(xù)】五、語態(tài)【一】主動形式表示被動意義1英語中有很多動詞,如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,wear,open,sell,read,write,wash等,當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時,常用其主動形式表達(dá)被動意義,主語通常是物;在這種情況下,常常和easily,well等副詞連用。The pen he bought yesterday writes smoothly.他昨天買的這支鋼筆書寫流暢。What about the books?這些書怎么樣?Books of this kind sell well.這種書很暢銷。2表示感受、感官的系動詞如feel,sound,taste,look等,后面跟形容詞、名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),常常以主動形式表示被動意義。Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由聽起來很合理。3在need,want,require,deserve,bear等動詞及形容詞worth的后面,動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義,其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。The house his grandmother lives in needs repairing/to be repaired.他祖母住的房子需要維修。The picture book is well worth reading.這本圖畫書非常值得一讀。【二】主動表示被動的句式1在“主語【人/物】be形容詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式的主動形式可表示被動意義。這些形容詞有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。This problem is difficult to work out.這道題很難計算出。As you know,Chinese is difficult to learn,especially for a foreigner.正如你所知,漢語難學(xué),尤其是對一個外國人來說。2be to rent/blame/let也屬于主動形式表被動意義。Who is to blame for the mistake?誰應(yīng)為這個錯誤接受譴責(zé)?As far as I know,the high building standing at the corner of the street is to let.就我所知,街道拐角的那棟高樓要出租。1【2014·江西九校第二次聯(lián)考】Over the past month,Chinese cinema_the great success of the lowbudget film Lost in Thailand.Awitnessed Bhas witnessed Cwould witness Dhad witnessed【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意為:在過去的一個月里中國電影院見證了人再囧途之泰囧這部小成本電影的巨大成功?!皁ver/during/inthe past/last一段時間”常常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。【答案】B2【2014·陜西西安名校第五次模擬】Peter,you_all the time since last week.You had better have your chest Xrayed today to make sure everything is all right.Aare coughing Bcoughed Chave been coughing Dhad coughed【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意為:Peter,自從上周以來,你一直在咳嗽。你今天最好去做胸部X光檢查以確保一切正常。根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性?!敬鸢浮緾3【2014·安徽三所示范性高中高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢查】The police have put up posters around the city with photos of the man they_in connection with the killing of a customer outside a bank.Aseek Bare seeking Chave sought Dhave been seeking【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意為:警方在全城張貼了他們正在搜尋的那個男人的照片,那個男人與一起在銀行外發(fā)生的謀殺案有關(guān)。根據(jù)句意可知,seek這個動作正在進(jìn)行,所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時?!敬鸢浮緽4【2014·安徽三所示范性高中高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢查】When you reach the other end of the bridge,I_right there to show you the way.Await Bhave waited Cwas waiting Dwill be waiting【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)本句的時間狀語從句可知,此處表示的是將來的時間,而且后半句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“那時我就在橋的那頭等你”,表示將來某個時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作,所以用將來進(jìn)行時?!敬鸢浮緿5【2014·江西南昌聯(lián)考】Did you go back to see your grandfather during New Years Day?Yes,I did.I_him for a long time.Adidnt see Bwouldnt see Chavent seen Dhadnt seen【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意為:你新年期間回去看爺爺了嗎?是的,我去【看】了。我好長時間沒有去看他了。從語境看,沒有看望爺爺發(fā)生在新年之前,也就是此處為“過去的過去”,故用過去完成時。【答案】D6【2014·烏魯木齊高三第二次診斷性測驗(yàn)】Mr Li_as a physics teacher for ten years in our school,and now is Secretary General of our city.Aworks Bworked Chad worked Dhas worked【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意為:李老師在我們學(xué)校當(dāng)了10年的物理教師,現(xiàn)在是我們市的秘書長。根據(jù)“now is Secretary General of our city”可知,當(dāng)物理教師是過去的事情,所以用一般過去時?!敬鸢浮緽7【2014·濟(jì)南市名校第四次診斷性測試】I_a lesson in the classroom when you called me,so I didnt answer it.Agave Bwas giving Cwould give Dhave been giving【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意為:當(dāng)你打電話給我的時候我正在上課,因此我沒有接電話。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動作,故用過去進(jìn)行時?!敬鸢浮緽8【2014·成都第一次診斷】Before her first Harry Potter came out in 1997,JK.Rowling_English for a living in Portugal.Ais teaching Bhad taught Chas taught Dwould teach【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意為:在JK.Rowling的第一部哈利·波特于1997年出版之前,她一直在葡萄牙靠教英語謀生。根據(jù)句意可知,教英語這一動作發(fā)生在1997年之前,表示過去的過去,所以用過去完成時,選B?!敬鸢浮緽9【2014·河南鄭州高中畢業(yè)年級第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測】Did you enjoy meeting your old schoolmates at the party last week?Yes,I did.We _each other since we graduated from college.Ahavent seen Bdidnt see Chadnt seen Dwouldnt see.【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意為:“上周你在聚會上與老同學(xué)玩得開心嗎?”“開心。自從大學(xué)畢業(yè)后我們就沒有見過面?!贝鹫Z中的since引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句,同時結(jié)合句意可知,“沒有見面”這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去,故用過去完成時?!敬鸢浮緾10【2014·河南鄭州高中畢業(yè)年級第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測】If I come back in an hour,do you think the manager will see me?Im very sorry,sir,but he_a meeting then.Awill be having Bis having Chas had Dwill have【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示那時他將會正在開會,have a meeting這一動作在將來的某一時間正在進(jìn)行,故用將來進(jìn)行時?!敬鸢浮緼11【2014·哈爾濱四校高三統(tǒng)一檢測】In fact he lived a comfortable life,but he_about his fate all the time.Ais complaining Bhas complained Cwas complaining Dhad complained【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意為:實(shí)際上他過著舒適的生活,但他總是抱怨命不好。根據(jù)句中的all the time和lived可知,應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時,故選C?!敬鸢浮緾12【2014·江西贛州高三下學(xué)期4月模擬考試】Im afraid that youll have to report it to our headmaster,for what he says_in our school.Awill count Bcounts Ccounted Dis counting【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意為:恐怕你要把這件事報告給校長,因?yàn)樵谖覀儗W(xué)校里他說了算。count重要,有價值,此處是講述一般性的情況,因此用一般現(xiàn)在時。【答案】B13【2014·安徽合肥高三第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測】Are these seats available?Sorry,sir.The seats_.Ahave reserved Bare reserved Creserved Dare reserving【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意為:這些座位可以坐嗎?對不起,先生,這些座位被預(yù)訂了。根據(jù)句中的“Are”可知,這些座位被預(yù)訂了是目前正處于的狀態(tài),又因?yàn)閟eats和reserve之間是被動關(guān)系,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),答案選B。【答案】B14【2014·山東省十二校高三聯(lián)考】The vegetables in his field_well,because they are pollutionfree.Aare selling Bhave been sold Care sold Dsell【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意為:他田里的蔬菜銷售得很好,因?yàn)樗鼈兪菬o污染的。某些可用來表示主語內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”的動詞,如sell,wash,wear,feel,read等,其主語通常是物,承受動作可用主動形式表示被動意義,且通常不用進(jìn)行時?!敬鸢浮緿15【2014·齊魯名校聯(lián)合測試】If this product does not give you complete satisfaction,please return it to the manufacturer,stating when it_.Ais purchased Bwill be purchased Cpurchases Dhas purchased【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意為:如果你對產(chǎn)品不完全滿意,請退回給生產(chǎn)商,并注明購買的時間。purchase和it構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。此處說的是一般性情況,故用一般現(xiàn)在時。【答案】A