（江蘇專用）2019高考英語(yǔ)二輪增分策略 專題二 完形填空 第二節(jié) 分類突破 三 說(shuō)明文課件.ppt

三、說(shuō)明文,專題二第二節(jié)分類突破,感悟體會(huì),名師點(diǎn)津,內(nèi)容索引,隨堂限時(shí)練,感悟體會(huì),Men and women may have different experiences in shopping for clothes. A man goes shopping because he needs something.His purpose is settled and decided in 1 .He knows what he wants，and his 2 is to find it and buy it.All men 3 walk into a shop and ask the shop assistant for what they want.If the shop has it in stock(庫(kù)存)，the deal can be done and 4 is pleted in less than five minutes，with hardly any chat to everyones 5 .,For a man，slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants.In that 6 ，the salesman tries to sell the customer something elsehe 7 the nearest to the article required.A good salesman brings out such a substitute(替代品) 8 ；he may say，“I know this jacket is not the style you want，sir，but would you like to try it for size？It 9 to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have 10 with this treatment，and the usual answer is：“This is the right color and may be the right size，but I shouldnt be 11 my time and yours by trying it on.”,For a woman，buying clothes is always done in the 12 way.Her shopping is not often 13 on need.She has never fully decided what she wants，and she is only “having a look around”.She is always 14 to persuasion，willing to try on any number of things.Deep in her mind is the thought of finding something that 15 thinks suits her.Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the lookout for the unexpected 16 .Faced with a roomful of dresses，a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another 17 selecting the dress she wants to 18 .It is a tiresome process，but clearly a(n) 19 one.Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting 20 .,語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了男女在購(gòu)物方面的不同表現(xiàn)。,語(yǔ)篇解讀,1.A.detail B.hurry C.advance D.mind,解析根據(jù)下句“He knows what he wants.”可知男人購(gòu)物時(shí)，他們要買的東西預(yù)先(in advance)就決定好了。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2.A.advice B.goal C.demand D.question,解析既然他知道他想要什么，因此他的目標(biāo)(goal)就是發(fā)現(xiàn)它并購(gòu)買。advice建議；demand要求；question問(wèn)題。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.A.quickly B.immediately C.soon D.simply,解析所有的男士只是(simply)走進(jìn)商店向售貨員要他們想要的東西。quickly迅速地；immediately立即；soon不久。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.A.often B.constantly C.normally D.finally,解析如果商店有現(xiàn)貨就可以進(jìn)行交易，交易過(guò)程常常(often)在不到5分鐘之內(nèi)就可完成，幾乎沒(méi)有閑聊且皆大歡喜(to everyones satisfaction)。constantly不停地；normally正常地，一般地；finally最后。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.A.confidence B.amusement C.satisfaction D.surprise,解析解析見(jiàn)上題。confidence信心；amusement娛樂(lè)；satisfaction滿意；surprise驚奇。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6.A.time B.event C.situation D.case,解析如果那樣的話(in that case)，售貨員就會(huì)竭盡全力賣給顧客其他東西售貨員會(huì)把離這位男顧客想要的東西最近的那件提供(offer)給他。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,7.A.gives B.offers C.presents D.delivers,解析解析見(jiàn)上題。give給予；present贈(zèng)送，呈現(xiàn)；deliver送(貨)。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.A.skillfully B.attentively C.actively D.carefully,解析好的售貨員會(huì)巧妙地(skillfully)拿出這樣的替代品。attentively認(rèn)真地；actively積極地；carefully仔細(xì)地。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.A.occurs B.happens Ces D.takes,解析先生，我知道這件夾克不是你想要的款式，但是你能試一試這件看看尺碼合適嗎？那碰巧(happen)是你提到的那種顏色。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,10.A.patience B.interest C.expectation D.experience,解析根據(jù)上文男士購(gòu)物特點(diǎn)的介紹可知：很少的男士會(huì)對(duì)這種服務(wù)有耐心(patience)。interest興趣；expectation期待；experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.A.losing B.spending C.giving D.wasting,解析這件的顏色和大小可能都合適，但我不應(yīng)該通過(guò)試穿它來(lái)浪費(fèi)(waste)你我的時(shí)間。lose丟失；spend花費(fèi)；give給予。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.A.same B.clever C.opposite D.similar,解析對(duì)于女士來(lái)說(shuō)，她們總是以迥然不同的(opposite)方式購(gòu)買衣服。same相同的；clever聰明的；similar相似的。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.A.relied B.based C.done D.related,解析女士購(gòu)物經(jīng)常不是基于需要。be based on基于；be relied on被依賴。沒(méi)有be done on和be related on結(jié)構(gòu)。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,14.A.open B.ready C.close D.happy,解析根據(jù)后半句中的“.willing to try on any number of things.”可知，女士總是樂(lè)于接受(be open to)勸導(dǎo)。沒(méi)有be ready to sth. 和be happy to sth. 句式，故排除B、D兩項(xiàng)； be close to sth. 接近某物，不合句意，故被排除。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15.A.nobody B.somebody C.everybody D.anybody,解析在女性購(gòu)物者內(nèi)心深處是想找到每個(gè)人(everyone)都認(rèn)為適合她的東西。anybody常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，故被排除。nobody和somebody不合本句句意，可直接排除。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16.A.deal B.surprise C.luck D.bargain,解析根據(jù)上文(大多數(shù)女性都有超高的價(jià)值意識(shí))可推知，女性購(gòu)物者總是對(duì)意外的便宜貨(bargain)很留意。deal交易；surprise驚奇；luck運(yùn)氣。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,17.A.after B.as C.before D.by,解析面對(duì)滿屋子的衣服，女性購(gòu)物者可能會(huì)很容易花一個(gè)小時(shí)從一個(gè)服裝架走到另一個(gè)服裝架才(before)會(huì)選中自己想要試穿(try on)的衣服。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,18.A.try on B.try out C.try up D.try for,解析參考上題解析。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,19.A.tiring B.enjoyable C.boring D.graceful,解析這個(gè)過(guò)程很煩人，但對(duì)女性購(gòu)物者來(lái)說(shuō)顯然是一種令她們很愉悅的(enjoyable)過(guò)程。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,20.A.customers B.assistants C.wives D.husbands,解析男士不愿意購(gòu)物，因此大多數(shù)服裝店總是給等待女士購(gòu)物的丈夫們提供椅子。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,名師點(diǎn)津,一、題型解讀 說(shuō)明文是對(duì)事物的特征、本質(zhì)、性能、狀態(tài)、用途、原理或事物的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)果、用途、原理等進(jìn)行介紹、解釋、說(shuō)明的一種文體。 與記敘文相比，說(shuō)明文類完形填空有如下命題特點(diǎn)： 1.文章多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 說(shuō)明文通常是對(duì)客觀事物或?qū)嵗慕榻B與說(shuō)明，與時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系不大，所以文章常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 2.語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練、平實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確，常采用客觀描述。 說(shuō)明文的目的是要幫助讀者認(rèn)清事物，明白事理，所以語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練、平實(shí)，易于理解，內(nèi)容客觀真實(shí)。 3.文章主題明確，層次分明。 高考說(shuō)明文類完形填空往往文章開(kāi)頭就點(diǎn)明說(shuō)明對(duì)象，從而為同學(xué)們把握文章主題提供有利條件。 而且，作者借助合理的說(shuō)明順序展開(kāi)文章，使文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，層次分明。,二、解題技巧 1.明確說(shuō)明對(duì)象，理清段落關(guān)系。 通讀全文，明確作者是針對(duì)哪一個(gè)說(shuō)明對(duì)象從不同的角度和側(cè)面對(duì)其加以說(shuō)明的。 在閱讀過(guò)程中要概括、總結(jié)每一段說(shuō)明的側(cè)重點(diǎn)，理清各段之間的關(guān)系，加深對(duì)說(shuō)明對(duì)象的理解。 2.弄清說(shuō)明順序，把握作者態(tài)度。 在說(shuō)明的過(guò)程中作者會(huì)選擇合理的說(shuō)明順序?qū)φf(shuō)明對(duì)象進(jìn)行解說(shuō)。 把握了說(shuō)明順序就能準(zhǔn)確把握文章的脈絡(luò)，加深對(duì)整篇文章的理解。 常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)明順序有時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序(如因果關(guān)系、果因關(guān)系、先主后次等)和認(rèn)識(shí)順序(如由此及彼、由淺入深、由局部到整體、由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)等)。 另外，在理清作者思路的基礎(chǔ)上，還要注意反映作者態(tài)度的關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵句，把握作者的寫作情感和意思。,隨堂限時(shí)練,Laziness is a state of 1inaction.It is something that you do，not something that you are.Being lazy means you have no 1 to do anything.Many people are 2 themselves to be someone who is lazy.In this article，I am going to 3 with you something that will help you see this 7state of inaction in a(n) 4 way. Lazy people are often seen as useless. 5 ，are they really being lazy or are they acting lazy？Acting lazy is suggesting that your laziness is 6 .But being lazy suggests that it lasts long.Many people are not really lazy；they 7 are people who are temporarily acting that way.,So what 8 a person to be inactive？The answer is a lack of goals.If you give someone a good enough 9 to do something，they will do it.People who dont 10 to do anything just havent found a good enough reason to do it. 11 students dont study because they dont see the 12 in studying.If you give them a reason，a strong enough reason，they will take 13 .For example，if you are too lazy to go to the gym，would you go if someone 14 you a million dollars to go？If you are too lazy to clean out the garage，would someone 15 a gun to your head help you take action？The reason can be positive or negative 16 it is strong enough to help you take action.,The bottom line of knowing how to 17 laziness es down to finding enough reasons to take action.Action will 18 success while inaction will 6result in 19 .To motivate someone who is lazy，what you need to do is help him or her find enough 20 to work towards a certain goal.,語(yǔ)篇解讀,語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要說(shuō)明了懶惰是一種無(wú)所事事的狀態(tài)，分析了懶惰的原因，并提出了相應(yīng)的改進(jìn)措施。,1.A.courage B.question C.time D.motivation,解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，懶惰意味著你沒(méi)有做任何事情的動(dòng)力。根據(jù)文章最后一句中的“To motivate someone who is lazy”可推知，此處應(yīng)選motivation，意為“動(dòng)機(jī)，動(dòng)力”。故選D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2.A.agreeing B.2denying C.considering D.refusing,解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，許多人認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)懶惰的人。consider sb. to be sth. /sb. 為固定用法，意為“認(rèn)為某人是”，符合句意。故選C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.A.argue B.share Cpete Dpare,解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示，在此文中，“我”將與你分享一些東西，讓你認(rèn)清這種不作為的狀態(tài)。share with為固定搭配，意為“與分享”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.A.different B.interesting C.ordinary D.3primary,解析根據(jù)下文所講的內(nèi)容可知，此處表示“以不同的方式”與你分享。different不同的，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.A.Otherwise B.Besides C.However D.Therefore,解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，懶惰的人常常被認(rèn)為一無(wú)是處。然而，他們是真的懶惰還是表現(xiàn)得懶惰呢？前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折，且用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，故應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)折副詞however連接。故選C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6.A.correct B.false C.4temporary D.inspirational,解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，不愿意做事表明你是一時(shí)懶惰，但是一直懶惰就表明懶惰是長(zhǎng)久性的。由“But”一詞可知，此處應(yīng)與“l(fā)asts long”形成對(duì)比，且與下文“temporarily acting that way”照應(yīng)。故此處應(yīng)指“暫時(shí)的”。故選C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,7.A.simply B.occasionally C.often D.hardly,解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，許多人并不是真的懶惰，他們只是暫時(shí)想懶散一下罷了。此處與上文中的“really”形成對(duì)比。simply只是，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.A.stops B.causes C.discourages D.demands,解析根據(jù)下文“The answer is a lack of goals.”可知，此處指的應(yīng)該是其原因，即：是什么讓一個(gè)人變得不作為呢？cause引起，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.A.worry B.gift C.fear D.purpose,解析上文說(shuō)一個(gè)人不作為是因?yàn)槿狈δ繕?biāo)，此處表示如果你給某個(gè)人足夠明確的目標(biāo)去做些事情，他一定會(huì)去做。purpose目標(biāo)，目的，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,10.A.want B.devote C.take De,解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，不想做事的人只是沒(méi)有找到一個(gè)足夠好的理由去做事。want想要，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.A.Hardworking B.Lazy C.Young D.Confused,解析上文主要講的是懶惰的人及其懶惰的原因。根據(jù)上下文可知，不學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該是懶惰的學(xué)生。故選B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.A.point B.success C.situation D.difficulty,解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，懶惰的學(xué)生不學(xué)習(xí)是因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有看出學(xué)習(xí)的意義。the point in doing sth. 做某事的意義，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.A.part B.place C.action D.control,解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，如果你給他們一個(gè)理由，一個(gè)有足夠說(shuō)服力的理由，他們肯定會(huì)采取行動(dòng)。此處與上文的“he will do it”相照應(yīng)。take action為固定搭配，意為“采取行動(dòng)”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,14.A.lent B.owed C.borrowed D.offered,解析句意為：比如，如果你太懶惰了以至于不想去體育館，那么，有人主動(dòng)給你一百萬(wàn)美元你愿意去嗎？offer主動(dòng)提供，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15.A.firing B.pointing C.shooting D.hiding,解析句意為：如果你太懶惰了以至于不愿意清理車庫(kù)，那么，有人拿槍指著你的頭會(huì)讓你采取行動(dòng)嗎？point.to.把指向，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16.A.so that B.as soon as C.in spite of D.5as long as,解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，無(wú)論原因是積極、主動(dòng)的還是消極、被動(dòng)的，只要理由充分，就足以讓你采取行動(dòng)。as long as只要，如果，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,17.A.win B.fight C.overe D.ban,解析上文分析了懶惰的表現(xiàn)和原因，文章最后一段講的是如何克服懶惰情緒。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)表示如何克服懶惰，歸根結(jié)底是要找到足夠的理由采取行動(dòng)。overe克服，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,18.A.result from B.fight for C.ask for D.lead to,解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境以及邏輯關(guān)系可知，行動(dòng)會(huì)帶來(lái)成功。lead to導(dǎo)致，引起，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,19.A.influence B.failure C.pressure D.happiness,解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)與上半句中的“success”形成對(duì)比，表示“不作為將會(huì)導(dǎo)致失敗”。failure失敗，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,20.A.reasons B.money C.energy D.confidence,解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，為了激發(fā)懶惰的人，你需要做的就是幫助他找到足夠的理由朝著目標(biāo)奮斗。reason理由，在上文也多次出現(xiàn)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,素材提煉再拓展,做完以上完形后，巧妙運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境，解決障礙詞和長(zhǎng)難句,.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測(cè)畫線部分的意思 1.If you refer to someones inaction，you disapprove of the fact that they are doing nothing. _ 2.When you deny something，you state that it is not true. _ 3.Primary is used to describe something that occurs first. _ 4.Something that is temporary lasts for only a limited time. _,不作為；不活動(dòng),否定,初級(jí)的；最初的,暫時(shí)的,(二)同義詞語(yǔ)替換 5.As long as your petitor is up for the challenge，you might as well go for it. _ 6.When you do something with faith，it will result in success. _ (三)一詞多義 7.state n.國(guó)家；州；情形；狀態(tài)；vt.規(guī)定；聲明；陳述 (1)France is one of the member states of the EU. _ (2)He stated that Olympians had brought joy to people across the world. _,If,lead to,國(guó)家,聲明；陳述,(3)For the first few months after Daniel died，I was in a state of clinical depression. _ (4)Oregon conducts its elections entirely by mail，but it is the only state to do so at present. _,狀態(tài),州,.長(zhǎng)難句理解 To motivate someone who is lazy，what you need to do is help him or her find enough reasons to work towards a certain goal. 句式分析本句話是復(fù)合句，主干部分為 結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)是_ ；表語(yǔ)是help him or her find enough reasons.，為省略了to的不定式，在該不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，find enough reasons為省略了to的不定式作_ ；To motivate someone who is lazy和to work towards a certain goal都作 。 精美譯文 _ _,為了激發(fā)懶惰的人，你需要做的就是幫助他或她找到足夠的理由朝著一個(gè)特定的目標(biāo)奮斗。,主系表,what you,need to do,賓,補(bǔ),目的狀語(yǔ),