河北省2019年中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二篇 語法突破篇 語法專題10 非謂語動詞課件.ppt
語法專題(十)非謂語動詞,PARTTWO,第二篇語法突破篇,【中考考點(diǎn)】(1)動詞不定式的用法。(2)動名詞的用法。(3)分詞的用法。,考點(diǎn)一動詞不定式,構(gòu)成:to+動詞原形(有時(shí)可省略to,to為不定式符號);其否定形式為:not+to+動詞原形。1.作主語常用it作形式主語,而將真正的主語(動詞不定式)置于句末。常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“Its+adj./n.(+for/ofsb.)+todosth.”。Toasktheteacherforhelpisnecessary.=Itisnecessarytoasktheteacherforhelp.向老師尋求幫助是必要的。,2.作賓語(1)后接帶to的不定式作賓語的動詞:wouldlike/wanttodo想要做usedtodo過去常常做agreetodo同意做hope/wishtodo希望做decidetodo決定做trytodo盡力做begin/starttodo開始做expecttodo期望做refusetodo拒絕做affordtodo有能力做learntodo學(xué)習(xí)做plantodo計(jì)劃做prefertodo更喜歡做continuetodo繼續(xù)做promisetodo承諾做happentodo碰巧做managetodo設(shè)法做preparetodo準(zhǔn)備做Ihopetherebeforedark.我希望天黑之前到那兒。,toget/arrive/reach,(2)在think,find,make等動詞后通常用it作形式賓語,而將不定式移至賓語補(bǔ)足語之后,構(gòu)成“主語+謂語+it(形式賓語)+賓語補(bǔ)足語(形容詞/名詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。Ifounditdifficulttosolvetheproblem.我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個問題很難。,3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語(1)后接帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞:tellsb.todo告訴某人做asksb.todo要求某人做wishsb.todo希望某人做invitesb.todo邀請某人做wantsb.todo想要某人做teachsb.todo教某人做allowsb.todo允許某人做forcesb.todo強(qiáng)迫某人做expectsb.todo期望某人做helpsb.todo幫助某人做advisesb.todo建議某人做persuadesb.todo勸告某人做leadsb.todo帶領(lǐng)某人做prefersb.todo寧愿某人做encouragesb.todo鼓勵某人做TheteachertoldusExercise1.老師告訴我們做練習(xí)一。,todo,(2)一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動詞有:一感(feel)、二聽(hear,listento)、三讓(let,make,have)、四看(find,see,watch,notice)。但這些動詞變被動語態(tài)時(shí),作補(bǔ)語的不定式必須加上to。,4.作狀語常見的狀語有目的狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語等。Mr.LeewillgotoHangzhoutovisittheWestLake.李先生將去杭州參觀西湖。(作目的狀語)5.作定語動詞不定式作定語時(shí),放在被修飾的名詞的后面。IdonthaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.我沒有一個一起練習(xí)英語的同伴。,6.作表語Theirdutyistheanimals.他們的職責(zé)是照看動物。7.“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式可以和what,which,when,where,how等疑問詞連用,構(gòu)成不定式短語,在句中作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。Hedoesntknow.他不知道要穿什么。(作賓語),tolookafter/takecareof,whattowear,考點(diǎn)二動名詞,動名詞由“動詞原形+-ing”構(gòu)成,其與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì),也有名詞的性質(zhì)。1.作主語Playingcomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.過度地玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ泻?。注意動名詞作主語和動詞不定式作主語,在很多情況下可以通用。2.作賓語常接動名詞作賓語的動詞或短語有enjoy,finish,consider(考慮),miss,keep,mind,practice,suggest,bebusy,feellike,giveup,canthelp,avoid,beusedto,beworth,beafraidof,beproudof,beinterestedin,cantstop,keep/stopfrom,lookforwardto,putoff,havefun,havedifficulty/trouble/problems(in)等。Haveyoufinishedthebook?你讀完這本書了嗎?,reading,3.作表語Thenursesjobisthepatients.護(hù)士的工作是照顧病人。4.作定語Ioftengotothe.我經(jīng)常去閱覽室。,lookingafter/takingcareof,readingroom,考點(diǎn)三分詞,分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種?,F(xiàn)在分詞(v.-ing)有主動、進(jìn)行之意;過去分詞(v.-ed)有被動、完成之意。1.作定語Chinaisacountry.Americaisacountry.中國是一個發(fā)展中國家,美國是一個發(fā)達(dá)國家。IknowtheboycalledLiMing.我認(rèn)識那個叫李明的男孩。2.作表語Thebookisinteresting.Iminterestedinit.這本書很有趣,我對它感興趣。,developing,developed,3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語Isawhergoingupstairs.我看見她正在上樓。Iwanttohaveseveralphotostaken.我想拍幾張照片。4.作狀語Talkingandlaughing,theywentintotheroom.他們有說有笑地走進(jìn)了房間。,5.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別(1)在語態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動,過去分詞表示被動。therulingclass統(tǒng)治階級theruledclass被統(tǒng)治階級(2)在時(shí)間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動作,過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作。therisingsun正在升起的太陽therisensun升高的太陽,.單項(xiàng)選擇1.2015河北Itsimportantforustoknowallthesubjects.Yeah,groupworkismyfavorite.A.howtostudyB.whentostudyC.whichtostudyD.whattostudy2.2014河北Dontforgetthankswhenotherpeoplehelpyou.A.acceptB.toacceptC.sayD.tosay,1.A根據(jù)“groupwork”可知用howtostudy,故選A。,A,D,3.2013河北ThechildrendecidetheirschoolyardthisFridayafternoon.A.cleanB.tocleanC.cleaningD.cleaned4.2018內(nèi)江Mr.Black,youarebecominghealthierandhealthier.Pleasekeepon.A.ranB.torunC.runsD.running,4.Dkeepondoingsth.為固定用法,意為“繼續(xù)做某事”。,B,D,5.2018海南改編Thepolicemanwarnedthemanafterdrinking.A.nottodriveB.todriveC.drivingD.notdriving,5.A考查固定搭配。warnsb.(not)todosth.意為“警告某人(不要)做某事”。根據(jù)常識酒后不能駕駛,所以此處應(yīng)該是warnsb.nottodosth.結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A。,A,.英譯漢1.Inordernottobelateforthecompetition,mysisterforcedherselftogetupearlythismorning.2.Itsverydangerousforustoanswerthemobilephonewhilecrossingthestreet.3.Everyonecandosomethinggoodtoprotecttheenvironment.4.Idontknowwhichdresstochooseformymother.,為了比賽不遲到,我的姐姐強(qiáng)迫她自己今天早上很早就起床了。,對于我們來說,在過馬路時(shí)接打手機(jī)非常危險(xiǎn)。,每個人都可以做點(diǎn)對保護(hù)環(huán)境有益的事情。,我不知道給母親選擇哪條長裙。,5.Everyoneissupposedtodowhattheycantodealwiththeproblem.6.Thereporterwaitedsolongtointerviewtheheadmasteryesterday.7.AnursenamedCarolynwilllookafterthebabywhenhismotherisaway.,每個人都應(yīng)該竭盡所能處理這個問題。,昨天這位記者為采訪校長等了好長時(shí)間。,一個名字叫Carolyn的護(hù)士將照顧這個嬰兒,在他母親離開時(shí)。,