分揀機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)【用于V帶長度分揀】

購買設(shè)計(jì)請充值后下載，資源目錄下的文件所見即所得，都可以點(diǎn)開預(yù)覽，資料完整，充值下載可得到資源目錄里的所有文件?！咀ⅰ浚篸wg后綴為CAD圖紙，doc,docx為WORD文檔，原稿無水印，可編輯。具體請見文件預(yù)覽，有不明白之處，可咨詢QQ:12401814 南 京 理 工 大 學(xué) 紫 金 學(xué) 院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯系： 06機(jī)械系 專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械工程及自動化 姓 名： 許靜偉 學(xué) 號： 060104260 (用外文寫) 外文出處：SEMI AUTOMATIC PREPARATION OF COLLECTION MAIL FOR FACER CANCELER附 件： 1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文。 指導(dǎo)教師評語： 簽名： 年 月 日注：請將該封面與附件裝訂成冊。附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文法國半自動郵件收集分揀裝置M. Didier ThieriotLa PosteM. Laurent BaufretonLa Poste摘要 郵件準(zhǔn)備工作的最后步驟之一，主要仍是在法國進(jìn)行手動操作。進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究的不同數(shù)據(jù)表明自動化分揀顯示出較便宜，除了傳統(tǒng)的慢手工分揀設(shè)備中需要，也可以在主要排序中心中使用。其主要目的是參與并找出從中存在的問題，這也為了在今天籌備過程中，薄弱環(huán)節(jié)能在合作與分工的工作中所體現(xiàn)出來。為了分離和堆棧郵件，法國郵政選擇了半自動裝置與NEC生產(chǎn)的剔除裝置結(jié)合使用，是一種取代手工分揀的機(jī)器。這種裝置名為自動化分揀裝置，是在位于裝置上游進(jìn)行分揀與剔除。該系統(tǒng)幫助合作社自動剔除和堆棧上游的可分揀郵件。這個介紹描述了本設(shè)備的職能和性能。導(dǎo)言 上下文在1998年，法國郵政收購了11家NEC裝置以準(zhǔn)備成立從郵筒收集郵件的分揀中心。這些機(jī)器只有當(dāng)C5尺寸的郵件通過時才會被收入否則就被剔除。目前，郵件從郵筒收集必須手動處理。此郵件是有帶字母，扁平，非加工信件組成。扁平和非加工信件約占8左右。手工操作的主要內(nèi)容是從大量郵件流中剔除扁平和厚厚的信件，然后堆放到處理信件的手工分揀設(shè)備中。此操作并不需要特別的設(shè)備，只需要一個大桌，一些小盤子。本裝置的缺點(diǎn)是它的低盈利性和低效率性，是一種非工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的郵政自動化。第15屆國際郵政自動化會議 1 法國 目標(biāo) 法國郵政已開設(shè)一個專門的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，努力改善在這個郵件的一部分程序的編制單位。他的目標(biāo)是取得出線權(quán)，然后部署工作上層工業(yè)組織的11 NEC裝置。功能描述 工藝 郵件功能界別的制備與NEC配備區(qū)機(jī)械化發(fā)展的主要特點(diǎn)如下： 郵件準(zhǔn)備任務(wù) 工作領(lǐng)域的體制改革工業(yè)化 提高工作區(qū)的功能分析的工作效率我們開展了對下列工作的流程研究（圖1）。圖1郵件制備流程2 第15屆國際郵政自動化會議法國當(dāng)人們開始考慮從各種形態(tài)的郵件中把它們按不同種類的分揀開時，就意味著技術(shù)解決方案的能力應(yīng)付的所有情況都將是復(fù)雜和昂貴的。對這些決定保留人工剔除的的人的理由是這種方式適應(yīng)后箱郵件的特殊性，從而精心設(shè)計(jì)出一種舒適的座位工作站，以滿足這種需要。機(jī)械化的主要是應(yīng)用于堆疊功能，是一種簡單的技術(shù)解決方案的開發(fā)手段，以限制采購和維護(hù)費(fèi)用。技術(shù)說明 所需占地面積為自動化分揀裝置的2個輸入站：5m80 x 4m70（不包括手動部分） 電源供應(yīng)：220V伏特 /十六安培 一剔除站吞吐量能達(dá)到8的單位（不散裝）：14,000封/小時 吞吐量的堆疊模塊：30,000封/小時 NEC公司的上游堆容量：2米（約1600封）圖2自動化分揀裝置第15屆國際郵政自動化會議 3法國自動化分揀裝置在郵件中心的項(xiàng)目自動化分揀裝置已安裝完畢，自2002年11月運(yùn)營。它的結(jié)構(gòu)是一個傾斜的郵件收集盤的上料機(jī)構(gòu)。有人指出，分流操作工能很快地適應(yīng)于設(shè)備的操作和贊賞坐著工作的這種方式。上料控制，踏板以一英尺的長度，使他們能夠控制郵件流，因?yàn)樗堑礁綦x帶才卸載。這是一個很寬的，緩慢移動帶，操作工有第二個腳踏，以避免任何溢出停止的可能性。機(jī)械化郵件的傳遞通過剔除站時沒有任何關(guān)于手動執(zhí)行部分的行動。被剔除的扁平信件通過滾動傳送帶放在盤的前面。完整的信件被托盤推入收集機(jī)構(gòu)，在其中一個輸送末尾是手動結(jié)構(gòu)。然后替換他們?yōu)榭胀斜P。觸點(diǎn)能檢查出任何厚厚的對象或那些其中包含形態(tài)中能有被識別特點(diǎn)的對象。機(jī)械化郵件是從一個傾斜的傳送帶，進(jìn)入兩個分開的郵件流輸入站。然后通過一個小漏斗并隨機(jī)移動到一個傾斜帶上。這個傳送帶不再帶動在帶邊緣的那些信件。然后將它們堆積和儲存在一個2米的移動堆中，它提供了郵件的NEC裝置手動接駁。安裝 自動化分揀裝置很容易安裝，因?yàn)樗С侄喾N配置。因此，它可以適應(yīng)樓宇的設(shè)計(jì)，輸入站和單位輸出可以定位，以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)有的郵件流尺寸 自動化分揀裝置的噪音低于68分貝。它由240伏為16A的電源供電，不需要任何其他動力源。項(xiàng)目管理 法國郵政建立了（圖3）與單個輸入站配備原型。之后，試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果進(jìn)令人鼓舞，設(shè)備是安裝在南特分揀中心，以測試在實(shí)際運(yùn)作情況的各項(xiàng)職能與性能。自動化分揀機(jī)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行的測試使用了真實(shí)的郵件。該項(xiàng)目是在向幾個供應(yīng)商，以及FIMEC公司選擇建造的第一臺自動化分揀裝置，在同行中達(dá)到領(lǐng)先水平。該設(shè)備安裝在南特分揀中心，兩個輸入剔除站，以驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)。在第一臺自動化分揀裝置被測試認(rèn)證后，剩余的同類設(shè)備將會被陸續(xù)安裝。4 第15屆國際郵政自動化會議 法國圖3自動化分揀裝置原型第一次試驗(yàn)表明，有一個堆棧的操作存在質(zhì)量缺陷。這一缺陷具體表現(xiàn)為信件流的增加。法國郵政和FIMEC在性能和吞吐量上作出了修改，目標(biāo)旨在提高堆棧的質(zhì)量。這些項(xiàng)目目前正在觀察，并將被FIMEC列入他們的系列產(chǎn)品中。而正確的運(yùn)作程序驗(yàn)證，將會在6月初展開。第15屆國際郵政自動化會議 5法國儲蓄 我們建議比較郵件的2種盈利能力方面的準(zhǔn)備，要根據(jù)單位和非比例加工信件的情況來確定。我們研究了從郵筒到大宗郵件流，這就是我們整齊地堆放在托盤上沒有郵件的郵件準(zhǔn)備區(qū)的入口。 1自動化收集分揀裝置帶剔除器：在2個剔除站單位成本的花銷上低于60 000歐元。2傳統(tǒng)的剔除裝置：在系列單位成本的剔除部分花銷估計(jì)為180000歐元工作站設(shè)備的數(shù)目：自動化分揀裝置工作站的數(shù)量 2 ：分類站1 ：垃圾郵件上料及接駁模塊1 ：堆垛機(jī)2或3：拒絕郵件處理，按單位和非比例機(jī)械化郵件 吞吐量特點(diǎn)： 自動裝置操作該瓦楞機(jī)吞吐量為每小時30,000信，總是比自動化分揀機(jī)構(gòu)高;而后者是在從量的角度體現(xiàn)出來的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。后者的吞吐量可達(dá)每小時2.5萬封。這吞吐量逐步呈下降趨勢，這取決于剔除操作工能力，以消除手工單位及非這些項(xiàng)目的比例上升機(jī)械化郵件等多方面因素。 6 手動剔除裝置工作站的數(shù)量 1或2 ：群發(fā)郵件上料，根據(jù)單位和非比例機(jī)械化電子郵件1 ：堆垛機(jī)2或3 ：拒絕郵件處理，按單位和非比例機(jī)械化郵件 手動裝置操作手動吞吐量可達(dá)每小時30000封。這吞吐量遞減，這取決于對剔除的能力，以消除部分自動單位及非這些項(xiàng)目的比例上升機(jī)械化郵件等多方面因素。第15屆國際郵政自動化會議法國圖4扁平和非機(jī)動郵件的比例-吞吐量盈利能力 自動化分揀裝置解決了很多問題諸如使單位和非比例加工電子郵件的數(shù)量圍繞10的平均水平。它實(shí)際上比以前更好因?yàn)樗容^輕，而且吞吐量也很不 錯。如果一個自動戳的維護(hù)費(fèi)用還高那就沒有道理了。 自動剔除的選擇取決于單位和非比例的垃圾郵件流加工郵件這2種，在經(jīng)濟(jì)上合理時： 無論不可加工郵件的比例是高還是非常低的情況下：，手動的吞吐量更高，自動化分揀機(jī)構(gòu)的吞吐量是有限的，是2.5萬封，最高/小時， 只有在非高加工郵件比例的情況下：，手動的吞吐量成為優(yōu)于自動化分揀機(jī)構(gòu)。 第15屆國際郵政自動化會議 7法國 圖5扁平和非加工郵件的比例-盈利結(jié)論 自動化分揀裝置是一個簡單的裝置。手動分離使所有非正常的個案進(jìn)入信箱郵件流進(jìn)行處理。該解決方案提供了高度自適應(yīng)的靈活性，以旨在針對郵件流的變化：它是更有效的，因?yàn)樗旁谌魏螜C(jī)械化操作上端。分流操作工能迅速掌握所需技能，這使得他們能夠在郵件生產(chǎn)單位多價情況情況下產(chǎn)生十分多樣的變化。在修改方面的可能性來說，自動化分揀裝置配置使其能夠適應(yīng)不同布局和使郵件流在不同的地點(diǎn)組織到一起。修改可以使有關(guān)個例在分離分流站被直接剔除。最后，適當(dāng)?shù)耐顿Y成本表明也保證自動化分揀機(jī)構(gòu)早期的盈利能力。詞匯表APEC自動分揀裝置CFC手動剔除裝置FC剔除裝置8 第15屆國際郵政自動化會議附件2：外文原文FRANCESEMI AUTOMATIC PREPARATION OF COLLECTION MAIL FOR FACER CANCELERM. Didier ThieriotLa PosteM. Laurent BaufretonLa PosteAbstractLetter mail preparation is one of the last operations which is still done chiefly manually in France.A study carried out on different scenarii of automation shows the need for less expensive, slower machines besides the traditional CFCs, that can be used in the major sorting centres. The main objective was to organise the tasks involved, which are today the weak link in the preparation process, where operatives work with large tables and rudimentary equipment.To segregate and stack the mail, La Poste has chosen a semi-automatic device used in conjunction with the NEC Facer-Canceller (FC) machine. This device, named APEC, is located upstream of the facer-canceller-sorter machine.The system helps the operatives to cull and stack the mail upstream of the automatic preparation of machinable mail.This presentation describes the functions and performance of this equipment.IntroductionContextIn the year 1998, La Poste bought 11 NEC Facer Cancellers to prepare the mail collected from post boxes in sorting centres. These machines require at the input a stack of mail whose maximum size is C5 format and from which the thick mail items have been removed.Currently, the mail collected from post boxes must be processed manually. This mail is composed of letters, flats, and non-machinable letters. Flats and non-machinable letters are about 8% of the total.The manual operations principally consist of culling the flats and thick letters from the bulk mail flow, and then stacking letters for FC processing. This operation requires no special equipment, only a large table and some trays. The disadvantages of the present organisation are its low profitability and the fact that it is a non-industrialised process.15th International Conference on Postal Automation1FRANCEObjectiveLa Poste has started work on a dedicated organisational structure to improve procedures in this part of the mail preparation unit. he target is to qualify and then to deploy the industrial organisation of work upstream of the 11 NEC Facer Cancellers.Functional descriptionProcessThe main thrust of development for the mechanisation of the mail preparation area equipped with NEC FCs is the following:Industrialisation of the mail preparation tasksRestructuring of the work areaImproving the productivity of the work areaThe functional analysis which we carried out gave the following breakdown of the tasks (Figure 1).Post box mail receptionFlats storageCullingletter flow stabilisationStackingSpecial letter storageNon-machinable mail storageMachinable letter storage (when FC stops)NEC FC FeedingFigure 1Mail Preparation Breakdown215th International Conference on Postal AutomationFRANCEThe number of separations to be carried out on the mail, together with the morphological variety of the mail, means that a technical solution capable of coping with all situations would be both complex and expensive.For these reasons it was decided to retain manual culling for its adaptability to the peculiarities of post box mail, and a comfortable seated workstation was designed with particular care to meet this need.Mechanisation has mainly been applied to the function of stacking, and was developed by means of simple technical solutions in order to limit the costs of procurement and maintenance.Technical descriptionFloor space required for an APEC with 2 input stations: 5m80 x 4m70 (not including the FC)Mains supply: 220Volts / 16 AmperesThroughput of one culling station with 8 % of flats (without bulk loading):14,000 letters / hourThroughput of the stacking module: 30,000 letters / hourCapacity of stacker upstream of NEC FC: 2m (approximately 1,600 letters)NEC FCStacking moduleStabilising moduleTray for special lettersFeeding stationCulling stationFlats rejectFigure 2APEC Machine15th International Conference on Postal Automation3FRANCEAPEC project in mail centreThe APEC has been installed and operating since November 2002.The hoppers are fed by tipping the contents of the mail collection trays.It was noted that the segregation operatives quickly got used to the device and appreciated the seated work position. The feed control, by means of a foot pedal, allows them to control the mail stream as it is unloaded onto the segregation belt. This is a wide, slow-moving belt, and the operatives have the possibility of stopping it, with a second foot pedal, to avoid any overflow. The mechanised mail is conveyed through the culling station without any action on the part of the operative.Flats are cleared at the front in trays placed on a rolling conveyor. The full trays are pushed by the operative and collected manually in a structure placed at one end of the conveyor. The operative then replaces them with empty trays. A tactile check allows any thick object or object containing morphological peculiarities to be identified.Mechanised mail is tipped onto a belt which receives the mail stream of both segregation input stations. This flow is fed through a small hopper and falls randomly onto a moving inclined belt. The action of this belt stands all the letters on their longer edge. They are then stacked and stored in a 2-meter moving stacker, which offers up the mail to the feeder of the NEC FC.InstallationThe APEC is easy to install because it supports a variety of configurations. It can therefore be adapted to the layout of the premises and the input stations and the flats output can be positioned to fit in with the existing mail stream.The noise level of the APEC is lower than 68 dBA. It is powered by 240V at16A and does not require any other power source.Project managementLa Poste built a prototype (Figure 3) equipped with a single input station. Following the encouraging results of the trials carried out, the equipment was installed in the Nantes sorting centre to qualify the performance of each of the functions in real conditions of operation. The APEC system was tested using real mail items.The project was tendered to several suppliers, and the FIMEC company was chosen to build the first APEC ahead of series production. The device was installed in the Nantes sorting centre, with two input culling stations, in order to validate the design for industrial production.The rest of the equipment will be installed after the validation of the firstAPEC.415th International Conference on Postal AutomationFigure 3Prototype APECFRANCEThe first trials showed there was a quality deficiency in the creation of the stack. The origin of this defect was identified with the increase of the stream.La Poste and FIMEC have made modifications to achieve the target performance in throughput and in the quality of the stack. These are currently under observation and will be included by FIMEC in their series production. The validation of the correct operational procedure will be carried out at the beginning of June.15th International Conference on Postal Automation5FRANCESavingsWe propose to compare the profitability of 2 types of mail preparation area, depending on the proportion of flats and non-machinable letters. We studied the bulk mail flow from post boxes, in which there is no mail neatly stacked in trays, at the entry point of the mail preparation area.1. APEC device coupled with a Facer-Canceller: The unit cost in series production of one APEC with 2 culling stations is lower than 60,000 euros.2. Culler-Facer-Canceller machine: The unit cost in series production of the culling section is estimated at 180,000 euros.Number of work stations on the equipment:number of operatives for APEC + FCnumber of operatives for CFC2: segregation stations1: bulk mail feeding and feeder module1: stackers2 or 3: rejected mail processing, according to the proportion of flats and non- mechanised mail1 or 2: bulk mail feeding, according to the proportion of flats and non-mechanised mail1:stackers2 or 3:rejected mail processing, according tothe proportion of flats and non-mechanised mailThroughput characteristics:APEC + FCCFCThe throughput of the Facer Canceller is30,000 letters per hour, always higher than the APEC; APEC is the weak link in the system from the point of view of throughput.The throughput of the APEC is up to 25,000 letters per hour. This throughput tends to decrease progressively, depending on the capacity of the culling operatives to eliminate manually the flats and non-mechanised mail as the proportion of these items rises.The throughput of the CFC is up to 30,000 letters per hour. This throughput also decreases progressively, depending on the capacity of the culling section to eliminate automatically the flats and non-mechanised mail as the proportion of these items rises.615th International Conference on Postal AutomationFRANCEMechanised mail throughput31000letters per hours29000270002500023000210001900017000150000% 5% 10% 15% 20%Flats and non-mechanised mail proportionAPEC_FC CFCFigure 4Proportion of Flats and Non-Mechanised Mail - ThroughputProfitabilityThe APEC+FC solution is the more profitable when the proportion of flats and non-machinable mail is around an average of 10%. It is actually better because the culling operations are light, so the throughput is quite good. The high cost of an automatic culler is not justified.The choice of automatic culling depends on the proportion of flats and non- machinable mail in the bulk mail flow and is financially justified when:either the proportion of non-machinable mail is very low: in this case, the throughput of the CFC is higher, the APECs throughput is limited by the simple technology to a maximum of 25,000 letters/hour,or the proportion of non-machinable mail is high: in this case, the throughput of the CFC becomes better than the APEC+FC.15th International Conference on Postal Automation7FRANCEProfitability level4.03.53.0year2.52.01.51.00.50.00% 5% 10% 15% 20%Flats and non-mechanised mail proportionAPEC_FC CFCFigure 5Proportion of Flats and Non-Mechanised Mail ProfitabilityConclusionThe APEC is a simple device. Manual segregation enables all atypical cases met in the letter-box mail flow to be processed. This solution offers a high degree of flexibility of adaptation to the variations in the mail stream: it is all the more effective since it is placed upstream of any mechanisation. The segregation operatives can rapidly master the skills required and this allows them to be polyvalent in a mail production unit where the tasks are very diversified.The possibility of modifying the configuration of the APEC allows it to be adapted to the various layouts and the organisation of the mail stream at different sites.Modifications can be made so that the flats separated at the segregation station are cancelled on-line.Lastly, the moderate cost of investment and the high performances guarantee the early profitability of the APEC.GlossaryAPEC:special equipment designed by La Poste to prepare the mailCFC:upstream of a Facer Canceller machineCuller-Facer-Canceller machineFC:Facer-Canceller machine815th International Conference on Postal AutomationSemi-automatic intelligent V belt length sorterV product is the ring without a joint, V group use, due to differences in length, numerical tension per root zone under different. High tension band V will damage early; small tension band V, ability did not get to play, leading to reduce the system transmission efficiency. Therefore the national standard GB/T13575.1-92. regulations, the V various models with extreme deviation and assembly tolerance values.V belt manufacturer should be according to the national standards, the sorting of V with finished product testing, grouping, and hit the mark, choose to facilitate the users. It is very difficult but finished the work by manual measurement. The automatic V belt sorting machine is a kind of high efficient equipment, but the price is expensive. Therefore, the majority of small and medium-sized manufacturers need a capable of sorting, and low price, using special equipment, repair, debugging convenient. This machine is designed to solve the problems mentioned above to a semi-automatic intelligent V belt length sorting machine. The main research contents and the results are: 1) for the V belt sorting design, financial PLC, modern sensor technology, mechanical, pneumatic technology in one, a typical electromechanical integration equipment; 2) the use of modern sensor technology, conversion between the displacement and detection based on pulse number; Detection of pulse number of packet, to realize the indirect measured packet with long; the number of print pulse corresponds to mark the corresponding, automatically printing the mark; 3) with PLC as the core control unit to realize intelligent control, were detected with the model change, mainly by adjusting the application software to complete the task of transformation, to achieve the performance the price is higher than the; 4) according to the characteristics of V with a daily production capacity of large, through the automatic detection and printing integration, to achieve a high efficiency detection, 10 / min; 5) design semi-automatic intelligent, high technology and rich human resources to achieve the organic combination, suitable for national conditions.Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering Course design is finished we learn all the basic courses university, technical basic courses and specialized courses after most of the. This is the course of the study prior to graduation each course an in-depth and comprehensive general review is a theory with practical training, so it in our four years of university life plays an important role. The design of the shaper of the fork, including the parts diagram, rough and assembly drawings each one, the mechanical process the card and a card with the process. First, we should be familiar with parts and understand their role, which is located lathe speed change mechanism, the main effect from the shift. Then, according to the nature of parts and components map to determine the roughness of the end of the size and rough machining allowances. Fork process to finalize a road map to develop the workpiece clamping program, draw fixture assembly drawing. This design is fork Shaper milling machining process and ends special fixture design. From the appearance of parts of the structure, it looks complicated and difficult process, so the choice is casting parts. Its main processing is the hole surface, surface and both ends of the side fork Crossings, notch, in the process because of surface precision machining precision holes easier than the guarantee. Therefore, the first plane used in the design principles of post-holes, and holes and the plane is divided into roughing and finishing processing stage to ensure accuracy. In this design, first to a base level of a surface processing, and then, then the corresponding holes in the base-level processing. In the following processes, are the holes for the locating datum, processing fork Crossings at both ends of surface (relative to the hole location accuracy) slot and the inclined plane, in the processing were used milling machine, drilling machine. And designed a special face milling fixture. As the size of the parts is not required clamping force is not. Therefore, the clamping means are manually clamped, clamping it simple, mechanism design is more convenient to meet the clamping requirements. Personally, I hope that through the course design, understanding and awareness of general machinery parts production process, have learned to consolidate and deepen the technical knowledge of basic courses and specialized courses, theory with practice, from exercising their own analysis of the problem, ability to solve problems for future work lay a good foundation, and for follow-up courses of study in future. There are many different types and manufacturers of auto-sort technologies on the market today,but they can be classified into three basic types. These technologies employ some type ofdetection signal that can differentiate plastic bottles based on chemical or physical characteristicswhen that signal is detected and analyzed by a sensor.The first type of auto-sortation is through optical sensoring. Optical sorting systems use,visible light to separate plastic bottles by color. The second type are systems based on,“transmission technologies” whereby a signal passes directly through the bottle and isread by a sensor on the other side of the bottle. Each plastic resin has a characteristic,response to the signal based on its unique chemical composition. The third type are surface scanning devices where the signals bounce off the surface of the bottle and are reflected back to the sensor for identification. Similarly, each plastic resin type has itsown unique response. When a sensor detects what it is looking for, it will generally activate an air jet that will eject or direct the item it has positively identified. The major sortation technologies in use today include optical, X-ray transmission (XRT), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and near-infrared (NIR).Some auto-sort technologies are capable of multiple sorts, by both resin type and color,while some are known as “binary-sort” systems - namely those that identify just one item and separate it from a stream of bottles. The first generation of auto-sort technologies were binary-sort systems primarily developed to provide reliable separation of two visually similar, yet highly incompatible plastics from a recycling perspective - namely PVC and PET. As has been discussed, PVC is a major contaminant in PET recycling even at very low concentrations. The current state-of-the-art in auto-sort technology combines several types of sensors to provide multiple sorting functions for streams of commingled plastic resin types. For example, one commercial system uses an XRT sensor to separate PVC bottles, then an infrared sensor that separates bottles into clear, translucent and opaque categories, followed by optical sensors that sort bottles by color, and finally an NIR sensor to separate the bottles by resin category. The thermodynamic calculation is the basis of the compressor calculation. With the help of the compressor-aided design system, the ordinary compressor is able to speed up its progress in calculation, which in turn reasonablizes the design; while the thermodynamic calculation of non-oil lubrication compressor caused errors or inaccuracy when pictures are retrieved by hand and figures are not best chosen. It is towards this problem that the compressor-aided design system for the thermodynamic calculation of non-oil lubrication compressor is made by digitalizing all the pictures and figures. This system will simplize the calculating process of the thermodynamic non-oil lubrication compressor, enable to select data on line, retrieve pictures and figures intelligently, output, save and print them and improve the accuracy and reliability of the calculating parameters as well.First, introduce the layout of machine tools Decide the size of the compressor displacement of the stars round, screw diameter, mesh size and the size of the center distance, so different in diameter screw, machine tool spindle and the rotary center are also different. To meet the processing of different diameter screw, single screw Currently the layout of machine tools in general there are several options. The first is: machine tool rotary tool spindle center and the center distance for the fixed Machine tool rotary tool spindle center and the center distance for the fixed, can not adjust the center distance. Processing of several of the screw diameter on the center distance required several different specifications of the machine. Advantages: simple structure of the machine. Disadvantage: each machine can only process a specification of the screw, when the market on a certain specification requirements when the screw compressor, resulting in a machine, other machine idle. The second: the machine tool spindle box for rotary Processing screw machine according to the size of the diameter at the processing before a point of rotating spindle box. Spindle box that the machine can turn on a machine at the above-mentioned article on the use of the improvements, with the first structure of a machine tool is basically the same. Advantages: the structure of machine tool easy to adapt to a variety of specifications of the processing screw. One disadvantage: after the rotating spindle box and the tool spindle turning center line distance between the center line of accurate measurement difficult. 2 disadvantage: after the rotating spindle spindle box and the front surface of the rotary cutter centerline distance between the reduction of the larger diameter of the screw processing is limited. The third: the machine tool spindle box for horizontal mobile Box at the bottom of the spindle and the base there is arranged between the rectangular sliding rail, spindle box perpendicular to the direction of movement of spindle centerline and perpendicular to the centerline of the tool rotation. Through the power of the spindle box spline shaft to the base of the tool feed mechanism. Screw diameter, according to the size of the processing in the processing of the previous round by hand to the body put into the screw spindle box moved to the appropriate location, and then screw the spindle box on a fixed base. Spindle box available from the mobile Grating detection, position error 0.005mm. Horizontal spindle box can be used as a mobile machine can process diameter 95 385mm any kind between the screw specifications. 95 385mm processing because of the diameter of the screw, causing the front surface and the tool spindle rotation the distance between the center line of the margin is too large, the actual application in the design specifications of the machine into two, a 95 205mm machine screw diameter Another 180 385mm machine screw diameter. Advantages: a variety of tools to adapt to the specifications of the processing screw, each screw specifications need not be provided with the appropriate machine tools. Disadvantage: the structure of machine tools and machine tool assembly of the two kinds of more complex machine tools, machine tools than the cost of two kinds of machine tools before the high. Second, introduce the structure of machine tool spindle The level of machine tool spindle box on the main axis and the base of the vertical axis determines the degree of precision was the precision screw machining, at the same time screw compressor at a speed of thousands of high-speed rotary switch, the accuracy of the screw will be less so that the compressor have a fever, vibration, low efficiency, such as wear and tear situation quickly. Currently available single-screw machine spindle structure of the program has the following two. The first is: bearing radial clearance is not adjustable spindle structure Before spindle bearing out the use of one pairs of cylindrical roller bearings and thrust ball bearing combination of both, the main use of double row cylindrical roller bearings under radial cutting force, the use of two ball bearings to bear axial thrust cutting force. After the general adoption of the spindle bearings out one pairs of cylindrical roller bearings or a ball bearing to the heart. Main advantages of this structure: the main axis of the processing and assembly of simple, low cost. One disadvantage: because the main axis of the radial bearing clearance can not be adjusted so poor precision spindle. Although the use of bearings and shaft diameter fit to eliminate the radial bearing clearance, but each bearing diameter and radial clearance is not a fixed value, so it is difficult to design and processing to the quasi-axial-radial and bearings with bore tolerances. 2 disadvantage: it is very difficult to buy in the market of domestically produced or imported, C, D or P4, P5 class thrust ball bearings, machine tool manufacturing plant commonly used alternative to the use of ordinary class bearings, which also affected the accuracy of the enhance spindle. Bearing radial clearance adjustable spindle structure do not apply to the general accuracy of the general machine tools, does not apply to require a higher accuracy of the spindle of machine tools. The second: the radial bearing clearance adjustable spindle structure Before the adoption of a spindle bearing P4 class of double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings and a P4-class double row ball bearing thrust to the combination of heart. The use of the spindle hole of the double row tapered cylindrical roller bearings under radial cutting force, the use of double row ball bearing thrust to the heart to bear part of the axial and radial cutting force cutting force. Spindle bearings generally used after a P5 class of double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings. Double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings with inner ring and shaft are tapered 1:12, bearing lock nut with a round led a bearing in the axial displacement of the inner ring bearings and expansion, to reduce or eliminate Bearing radial clearance purposes. Main structure of such advantages: high precision spindle. At the front spindle diameter 230mm noodle on the end measuring spindle Beat value of 0.010mm. 230mm cylindrical spindle at the front end on the radial axis measurement value of Beat 0.005mm. The second structure of the spindle of a precision spindle accuracy than the first about 50% improve. Main disadvantage of this structure: The principal axis of the more complicated process, the spindle assembly also has the experience necessary to make the workers to operate the spindle achieve the desired numerical accuracy. Third, the depth of the tool feed control Required different processing screw diameter spiral groove depth is also different from the depth of the spiral groove mm from dozens to more than 100 millimeters range around the tool into the institutions required to feed the thousands of ring rotation in order to achieve a screw machining . Feed because of the tool in the tool rotating at the same time achieve motion feed, so on a number of general machine tools used in mechanical, electrical control method of depth of cut does not apply to single-screw machine. Single screw machine tools give agencies into the following different methods can be feed to control the depth of purpose. The first is: friction clutch and electrical switches to control the depth of the tool feed Its principle is to control depth of cut increases the tool cutter feed mechanism increases the load torque so that the tool feeding mechanism of the friction transmission chain slipping clutch, a mechanical linkage concurrent silent trigger electrical switches, optical signal prompted operator, when manual operator to disconnect the tool into the power sector. The advantages of this control method are: the control method is simple and spare parts processing and operational power from the impact of a sudden. Disadvantage are: processing of different diameter screw to adjust the clutch friction discs pressed the preload spring. Material because of the density of each screw, and the hardness of the existence of subtle differences in the degree of cutting tools sharp differences exist, thus the accuracy of this control method was not too accurate, may lead to screw spiral groove depth tolerance is too large. The second: use of an electromagnetic clutch, encoder control tool into the mix to the depth of Tool feed system, equipped with electromagnetic clutch and a tool for detecting the number of rotating ring gear and a gun encoder.It is a tool of control principle剛接觸hand screw surface encoder to start counting switch, then start counting counting device, when the rotary tool to pre-set number of laps when the cutting depth is reached, the electromagnetic clutch automatic off open to the power tool into the concurrent silent, optical signal parts prompted the operator has finished processing. The detection device through the digital display shows the number of feed circles or feed. Torn off and the electromagnetic clutch, the tool does not only into the rotation with the vertical shaft to the sport. The advantages of this control method are: the depth of the spiral groove screw tolerance control more accurate, because of several significant table shows the depth of processing, or want a few laps and the depth of processing or circle the number of operations is also very intuitive and user-friendly. Disadvantage are: electrical control of machine tools at the same time more complex parts of this control method at the processing plant, if a sudden power failure, the prior data set will be lost. If you add in the electrical control of the battery to power at the early-dimensional detection devices to maintain the job, the problem can be resolved. Four, the control gear drive space Single screw machine screw in the processing, due to the spiral groove in the rotary tool and the workpiece rotation to complete the synthesis process. Just cut into the workpiece when the tool in the tangential direction of rotation has been going on a greater resistance knife, cutting tool at the workpiece to be cut when the role of the spiral groove, the tool in the tangential direction of rotation has been going up against a smaller knife and even by the spiral groove thrust workpiece. Because there is a box-hole processing machine tool, gear and other processing error, the tool axis of rotation of the drive space is too large, large amount of so-called open. Detect drive way too much space is a fixed power input shaft and output shaft rotation shaking, in the case of the transmission structure of conventional design and manufacture of machine tools, the transmission output shaft angle space at more than ten degrees to the dozens of degrees. Transmission gap caused by too large spiral screw groove surface then there is obvious marks, thus affecting the machining accuracy of the screw. Upon completion of the assembly machine tool axis of rotation of the drive space is too large, in fact are subject to various errors gear, creating a backlash of the gear is too large. Machine tools in the mechanical transmission gear are used regardless of the accuracy of a few of the class, the designers take into account the gear manufacturing error, processing error box center distance, temperature, lubricating oil film thickness, the assembly error and other factors, machine design must ensure that transmission gear A certain amount of backlash, backlash decide the size of the gear tooth thickness tolerance size. Single-screw machi