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1、專題十二 句子種類
I、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解析
自2007年廣東省高考使用新題型后,有了用5個(gè)句子表達(dá)全部意思的“基礎(chǔ)寫作”。考生對(duì)句子種類相關(guān)知識(shí)的掌握顯得尤為重要。
一、 句子種類:
分類
句子種類
例句
按使用目的
陳述句
肯定句
He is six years old.
否定句
She didn’t hear of you before.
疑問(wèn)句
一般
Do they like skating?
特殊
How old is he?
選擇
Is he six or seven years old?
反意
Mary can swim, can’t
2、 she?
祈使句
Be careful, boys. Don’t talk in class
感嘆句
How clever the boy is! What a clever boy he is!
按結(jié)構(gòu)
簡(jiǎn)單句
He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
并列句(由并列連詞and, but, or等或分號(hào)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起)
You help him and he helps you.
The food was good, but he had li
3、ttle appetite.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
復(fù)合句(含有一個(gè)或以上從句)
The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
二、簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型
句型
例句
1、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)
He is a student.
2、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞
We work.
3、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)
Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+
4、雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ))
My father bought me a car.
5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))
Tom made the baby laugh.
三、并列句
分類
常用并列連詞
例句
聯(lián)合并列句
and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等
The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
轉(zhuǎn)折并列句
but, still, however, yet, while, when等
He was a little man
5、with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
選擇并列句
or, either…or…, otherwise等
Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
因果并列句
so, for, therefore等
It was late, so we went home.
四、感嘆句
1、感嘆句用法:表示說(shuō)話人的強(qiáng)烈的感情。
講解
句型
例句
What
What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的中心詞是名詞
What+(a /
6、 an)+形容詞+名詞+(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!
1)What a cold day (it is)! 今天天氣真冷?。?
2)What an old house (it is)! 這間房子真老?。?
3)What nice air (it is)! 空氣真好?。?
How
How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的中心詞是形容詞或副詞。
How+形容詞/副詞+(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!
6)How cold(it is )today! 今天天氣真冷?。?
7)How happy (the children are)! 孩子們真愉快?。?
8)How hard(the student works)! 這個(gè)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)多努力?。?
7、
2、注意點(diǎn):在復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞之前不可用 “how+形容詞” 構(gòu)成感嘆句,而應(yīng)用 “what+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞”。也就是說(shuō)how +形容詞可置于帶不定冠詞的單數(shù)名詞之前構(gòu)成感嘆句。
1) What great changes we have had these years! 這些年我們的變化真大呀!
不可說(shuō)成How great changes we have had these years!
2) What good news it is! 多么好的消息呀!
不可說(shuō)成How good news it is!
8、五、祈使句
表示請(qǐng)求或命令的句子是祈使句。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)及數(shù)的詞形變化,及動(dòng)詞原形同形。祈使句一般用降調(diào),為使祈使句聽起來(lái)比較婉轉(zhuǎn),可用低升調(diào),祈使句句末用句號(hào)或感嘆號(hào)。
一、祈使句有兩種類型:含有第二人稱和帶有第一、三人稱主語(yǔ)的祈使句。每種類型又有肯定形式和否定形式。用don't:否定時(shí),只能用其縮略式。
1
含有第二人稱的祈使句
Be sure to come on time.請(qǐng)務(wù)必按時(shí)來(lái)。
Don't ever do that again.請(qǐng)不要做那事了。
2
帶有第一、三人稱主語(yǔ)的祈使句(通常以let為引導(dǎo)詞)
Let's have a res
9、t. 咱們休息一會(huì)兒。
Let us try again. 讓我們?cè)僭囋嚒?
Don't let's open the window. 咱們別開窗戶了。(非正式)
3
其他形式的祈使句
1) 以no開始的禁止性祈使句:
No entry.禁止入內(nèi)。 No parking.禁止停車。
No smoking.禁止抽煙。
2) 固定短語(yǔ)
Out with it 說(shuō)出來(lái)吧。 Faster.快點(diǎn)。
Beg pardon.請(qǐng)?jiān)彙?
二、注意點(diǎn):
1)第二人稱主語(yǔ)通常不表示出來(lái),有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)指明向誰(shuí)提出要求或發(fā)出命令,主語(yǔ)也可表示,這時(shí)主語(yǔ)需重讀:
2)第一人
10、稱祈使句可在1et前面加do,表示強(qiáng)調(diào),第三人稱祈使句不可:
Do let me have another try. 請(qǐng)務(wù)必讓我再試試。
注意以下兩句的區(qū)別:
Don't let the children make much noise.不要讓孩子發(fā)出大的噪聲。.
Let the children not make much noise.讓孩子不要發(fā)出大的噪聲。
3)為了使祈使句聽起來(lái)比較客氣,婉轉(zhuǎn),除了用低聲調(diào)外,還可用下列方法:
a.加please
Please give me a hand.請(qǐng)幫一下忙。
Lend
11、me your dictionary,please. 請(qǐng)把字典借給我使一下。
b. .加will you
Read the text,will you? 讀一下課文好嗎?
Come in and sit down,will you? 進(jìn)來(lái)坐下,好嗎?
c.please和will you同時(shí)運(yùn)用
Be careful,please,will you? 小心些,行嗎? :
d.用would you則更加客氣
Shut the window,would you? 關(guān)上窗戶,行嗎?
e, 加won't you,can'
12、t you,why don't you:
Turn down the radio,won't you? 關(guān)閉收音機(jī),好嗎?
Take it away,can't you? 拿走,不行嗎?
Be patient,why don't you? 耐心點(diǎn),難道不行嗎?
六、反意疑問(wèn)句
構(gòu)成:陳述句 + 簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句
肯定 否定
否定 肯定
簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)及陳述句保持一致,只能用人稱代詞(there除外),簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也及陳述句保持一致,如果是否定,一定要用簡(jiǎn)寫。如:
13、
Jim isn't a student, is he?/There are some books in it, aren't there?
解說(shuō)
例句
1
陳述部分I'm...結(jié)構(gòu),疑問(wèn)部分一般用aren't I,
I'm late, aren't I ?
2
陳述句中有l(wèi)ittle, few, no, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等詞表示否定時(shí),簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句用肯定。
3
陳述句中有指物的不定代詞nothing, something, anything時(shí),簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句中用代詞it,陳述句中有指人的不定代詞everyone
14、, no one, someone, everybody, nobody, anybody時(shí),簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句中用代詞he或they,
Everyone is here, aren't they/isn’t he?
4
陳述句的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞this, that等時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)在形式上及前者不同,但在邏輯上卻及前者一致
This is very important, isn't it?
55
陳述部分如果是“I (don't) think (believe, suppose...)+賓語(yǔ)從句”時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分中的動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)應(yīng)及賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞保持一致
I don't believ
15、e she knows it, does she?
66
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must的句子表示猜測(cè)時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分及must后面部分一致,不能用mustn't,如:You must be tired, aren't you?當(dāng)must表示“有必要”時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用needn't,如:You must go home right now, needn't you? 當(dāng)mustn't表示禁止時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分一般用must
You mustn't walk on grass, must you?
77
祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句肯定祈使句+will you/won't you?否定祈使句+will you?
L
16、et's...+shall we?(包括對(duì)方)
Let us...+will you?(不包括對(duì)方)
88
感嘆句的反意疑問(wèn)句一律用否定式,并用be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
What a lovely girl, isn't she ?
99
前面否定后面肯定的反意疑問(wèn)句在回答時(shí),需根據(jù)其實(shí)際情況,實(shí)際情況是肯定的,則用Yes+肯定結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)際情況是否定的,則用No+否定結(jié)構(gòu)
—You can't speak English, can you?—Yes, I can(不,我會(huì)的).
110
關(guān)于“'d better ”,“'d rather”和“'s”
He’d like a cu
17、p of tea, wouldn’t he?
You’d better go now, hadn’t you?
He’s never late for school, is he? He’s never been there, has he?
七、復(fù)合句:
復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句為句子的主體,從句只用作句子的一個(gè)次要成分,不能獨(dú)立成為一個(gè)句子。從句通常由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo),并由關(guān)聯(lián)詞將從句和主句聯(lián)系在一起。從句按其在復(fù)合句中的作用,分為主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。(見專題講解)
II、實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練
1. 完成下列反意疑問(wèn)句
1
18、. Catherine is a girl's name, _________?
2. I am a teacher, ______?
3. There's little water in the glass, _________?
4. Don't take the book out of the library, _________?
5. He'll never forget it, _________?
6. Let's have a rest, _________?
7. I think Kate speaks English well, _________?
8. T
19、hat boy must be Tom, _________?
2. 填連詞完成下面的感嘆句 (根據(jù)需要可以加上a 或 an)
1. __________ nice music it is !
2. __________ that boy missed his mother!
3. __________ great fun it is to hike !
4 __________ beautiful parks there are in Shanghai!
5. __________ good the soup tastes !
6. __
20、________ useful subject Chinese is!
7. __________ bad weather it is today!
8. __________ happy life we're living today !
9. ________ lovely deer they are!
10. __________ bad cold you've got !
3、翻譯下面的句子
1)請(qǐng)務(wù)必按時(shí)來(lái)。
2)請(qǐng)不要做那事了。
3)請(qǐng)你安靜一會(huì)兒。
4)讓我告訴你答案吧。
5) 不要讓任何人打擾你。
6) 請(qǐng)務(wù)必讓我再試試。
7)不要讓孩子發(fā)出大的噪聲。.