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1、課后限時(shí)集訓(xùn)(十六)(建議用時(shí):60分鐘)A組基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)一、選擇題1方程x36x29x100的實(shí)根個(gè)數(shù)是( )A3 B2C1 D0C設(shè)f(x)x36x29x10,f(x)3x212x93(x1)(x3),由此可知函數(shù)的極大值為f(1)60,極小值為f(3)100,所以方程x36x29x100的實(shí)根個(gè)數(shù)為1.2若存在正數(shù)x使2x(xa)1成立,則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是( )A(,) B(2,)C(0,) D(1,)D2x(xa)1,ax.令f(x)x,f(x)12xln 20.f(x)在(0,)上單調(diào)遞增,f(x)f(0)011,實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍為(1,)3某銀行準(zhǔn)備設(shè)一種新的定期存款業(yè)務(wù),經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè),存
2、款量與存款利率的平方成正比,比例系數(shù)為k(k0),貸款的利率為4.8%,假設(shè)銀行吸收的存款能全部放貸出去若存款利率為x(x(0,0.048),則銀行獲得最大收益的存款利率為 ( )A3.2% B2.4%C4% D3.6%A設(shè)y表示收益,則存款量是kx2,貸款收益為0.048kx2,存款利息為kx3,則y0.048kx2kx3,x(0,0.048),y0.096kx3kx23kx(0.032x)令y0得x0.032,且當(dāng)x(0,0.032)時(shí)y0,當(dāng)x(0.032,0.048)時(shí)y0,因此收益y在x0.032時(shí)取得最大值,故選A.4已知yf(x)為R上的連續(xù)可導(dǎo)函數(shù),且xf(x)f(x)0,則函
3、數(shù)g(x)xf(x)1(x0)的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)為( )A0 B1C0或1 D無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)A因?yàn)間(x)xf(x)1(x0),g(x)xf(x)f(x)0,所以g(x)在(0,)上單調(diào)遞增,因?yàn)間(0)1,yf(x)為R上的連續(xù)可導(dǎo)函數(shù),所以g(x)為(0,)上的連續(xù)可導(dǎo)函數(shù),g(x)g(0)1,所以g(x)在(0,)上無(wú)零點(diǎn)5若不等式2xln xx2ax3對(duì)x(0,)恒成立,則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是( )A(,0) B(,4C(0,) D4,)B由題意知a2ln xx對(duì)x(0,)恒成立,令g(x)2ln xx,則g(x)1,由g(x)0得x1或x3(舍),且x(0,1)時(shí),g(x)0,x(1,)時(shí),g(x)0
4、.因此g(x)ming(1)4.所以a4,故選B.二、填空題6已知函數(shù)f(x)x,g(x)2xa,若x1,x22,3,使得f(x1)g(x2),則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是_(,1當(dāng)x時(shí),f(x)10,f(x)minf(1)5.當(dāng)x2,3時(shí),g(x)2xa是增函數(shù),g(x)min4a.由題意知54a,即a1.7若函數(shù)f(x)2x39x212xa恰好有兩個(gè)不同的零點(diǎn),則a_.4或5f(x)6x218x12,令f(x)0得x1或x2,又當(dāng)x1或x2時(shí),f(x)0,當(dāng)1x2時(shí),f(x)0.因此x1和x2分別是函數(shù)f(x)的極大值點(diǎn)和極小值點(diǎn)由題意知f(1)0或f(2)0,即5a0或4a0.解得a4或a5.8
5、某商場(chǎng)從生產(chǎn)廠家以每件20元購(gòu)進(jìn)一批商品,若該商品零售價(jià)為p元,銷量Q(單位:件)與零售價(jià)p(單位:元)有如下關(guān)系:Q8 300170pp2,則該商品零售價(jià)定為_元時(shí)利潤(rùn)最大,利潤(rùn)的最大值為_元3023 000設(shè)該商品的利潤(rùn)為y元,由題意知,yQ(p20)p3150p211 700p166 000,則y3p2300p11 700,令y0得p30或p130(舍),當(dāng)p(0,30)時(shí),y0,當(dāng)p(30,)時(shí),y0,因此當(dāng)p30時(shí),y有最大值,ymax23 000.三、解答題9已知函數(shù)f(x)exaxa(aR且a0)(1)若f(0)2,求實(shí)數(shù)a的值,并求此時(shí)f(x)在2,1上的最小值;(2)若函數(shù)f
6、(x)不存在零點(diǎn),求實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍解(1)由f(0)1a2,得a1.易知f(x)在2,0)上單調(diào)遞減,在(0,1上單調(diào)遞增,所以當(dāng)x0時(shí),f(x)在2,1上取得最小值2.(2)f(x)exa,由于ex0,當(dāng)a0時(shí),f(x)0,f(x)是增函數(shù),當(dāng)x1時(shí),f(x)exa(x1)0.當(dāng)x0時(shí),取x,則f1a1a0.所以函數(shù)f(x)存在零點(diǎn),不滿足題意當(dāng)a0時(shí),f(x)exa,令f(x)0,得xln(a)在(,ln(a)上,f(x)0,f(x)單調(diào)遞減,在(ln(a),)上,f(x)0,f(x)單調(diào)遞增,所以當(dāng)xln(a)時(shí),f(x)取最小值函數(shù)f(x)不存在零點(diǎn),等價(jià)于f(ln(a)eln(a)
7、aln(a)a2aaln(a)0,解得e2a0.綜上所述,所求實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是(e2,0)10已知函數(shù)f(x)(aR)(1)求函數(shù)f(x)的單調(diào)區(qū)間;(2)若x1,),不等式f(x)1恒成立,求實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍解(1)f(x),當(dāng)a時(shí),x22x2a0,故f(x)0,函數(shù)f(x)在(,)上單調(diào)遞增,當(dāng)a時(shí),函數(shù)f(x)的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為(,),無(wú)單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間當(dāng)a時(shí),令x22x2a0x11,x21,列表x(,1)(1,1)(1,)f(x)f(x)由表可知,當(dāng)a時(shí),函數(shù)f(x)的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為(,1)和(1,),單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間為(1,1)(2)f(x)112ax2ex,由條件2ax2ex,對(duì)x1成立令
8、g(x)x2ex,h(x)g(x)2xex,h(x)2ex,當(dāng)x1,)時(shí),h(x)2ex2e0,h(x)g(x)2xex在1,)上單調(diào)遞減,h(x)2xex2e0,即g(x)0,g(x)x2ex在1,)上單調(diào)遞減,g(x)x2exg(1)1e,故f(x)1在1,)上恒成立,只需2ag(x)max1e,a,即實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是.B組能力提升1做一個(gè)無(wú)蓋的圓柱形水桶,若要使其體積是27,且用料最省,則圓柱的底面半徑為( )A3 B4C6 D5A設(shè)圓柱的底面半徑為R,母線長(zhǎng)為l,則VR2l27,l,要使用料最省,只需使圓柱的側(cè)面積與下底面面積之和S最小由題意,SR22RlR22.S2R,令S0,得R
9、3,則當(dāng)R3時(shí),S最小故選A.2若0x1x21,則( )Aex2ex1ln x2ln x1Bex2ex1ln x2ln x1Cx2ex1x1ex2 Dx2ex1x1ex2C令f(x),則f(x).當(dāng)0x1時(shí),f(x)0,即f(x)在(0,1)上單調(diào)遞減,因?yàn)?x1x21,所以f(x2)f(x1),即,所以x2ex1x1ex2,故選C.3若函數(shù)f(x)1(ae2,因此e2a0.4(2017全國(guó)卷)已知函數(shù)f(x)ln xax2(2a1)x.(1)討論f(x)的單調(diào)性;(2)當(dāng)a0,故f(x)在(0,)上單調(diào)遞增若a0;當(dāng)x時(shí),f(x)0.故f(x)在上單調(diào)遞增,在上單調(diào)遞減(2)證明:由(1)知,當(dāng)a0;當(dāng)x(1,)時(shí),g(x)0時(shí),g(x)0.從而當(dāng)a0時(shí),ln10,即f(x)2.- 7 -